Changes in the microbial community structure in soils treated with a mixture of glucose and peptone with reference to the respiratory quinone profile     

Arata Katayama  Hong-Ying Hu  Mamie Nozawa  Sayuri Takahashi  Koichi Fujie 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):841-846

Based on the respiratory quinone profile, changes in the structure of microbial communities in the soil samples from Nagoya University Farm were monitored after the treatment with 1% of a mixture of glucose and peptone. Samples of two soils differing in the fertilization history were examined: CF-soil with the application of only chemical fertilizers and FYM-soil with the application of only farmyard manure at a high rate. In the CF-soil, the amount of water-soluble organic carbon (WOC), indicator of the mixture of glucose and peptone, decreased to the original level after 14 d. After 7 d, the soil pH reached the maximum level, then decreased gradually. Changes in the inorganic nitrogen levels in the water extract also reflected the 14-d period of mineralization. The amount of respiratory quinones reached maximum levels after 7 d and gradually decreased, reflecting the changes in the microbial biomass. The quinone composition significantly changed during the 14-d period and returned to a profile similar to the original one after 28 d. Diversity of quinones significantly decreased during the 14-d period due to the predominance of ubiquinone with 9 isoprenoid units. In the FYM-soil, the amount of WOC decreased to the original level after 1 d, and the pH and inorganic nitrogen levels in the water extract reflected the one-day mineralization period, and nitrification started after 3 d. Although the amount of quinones indicated an increase in the microbial biomass for 14 d, the quinone composition did not change. These findings suggested that long-term application of farmyard manure resulted in stable microbial communities in response to the incorporation of organic matter in soil.  相似文献   

砒砂岩地区沙棘生态工程的土壤修复效果分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

何京丽  殷丽强  郭建英  韩利兵  梁月  李锦荣  岳征文 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2013,(3):19-23

本文以砒砂岩地区沙棘生态工程为研究对象,探讨沙棘生态修复工程实施对表层土壤理化性状的改良作用,初步研究结果表明：实施造林工程8年后,沙棘林地表层土壤的总孔隙度比荒坡地提高7.4%,土壤粘粒含量占49.15%,比荒地增加了75%;〉5mm的大团粒含量为43.38%,是荒地的2.99倍,有机质含量为13.92g/kg,是荒地的3.68倍;全氮、全磷、全钾的含量分别为荒地的1.72倍、1.13倍与1.36倍,有效氮、速效钾、速效磷含量分别为荒地的4.54倍、3.29倍与7.6倍。说明沙棘造林使造林区的土壤结构得到显著改善,沙棘生态修复工程的生态效益突出,可有效降低该地区降雨对土壤的侵蚀和地表径流的冲刷。  相似文献   

市售茶叶中重金属含量特征及其分析     

张亚莉  耿丽平  张春楠  孙洪欣  赵全利  张明明  刘文菊 《中国农学通报》2017,33(28):151-157

为了解市售主要茶叶中重金属的含量情况,采集市售主要茶叶种类,采用高压密闭消解系统、电感耦合等离子质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法测定茶叶中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)的含量,并根据《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2012)、《茶叶中铬、镉、汞、砷及氟化物限量》(NY 659—2003)以及《绿色食品-代用茶中华人民共和国农业行业标准》(NY/T 2140—2012)分析了市售茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As的含量特征。结果显示,茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量范围分别为0.1~1.67、0.0006~0.085、0.00021~0.022、0.00~0.78 mg/kg,所有茶叶样品Pb、Cd、Hg均符合相关标准。但1.9%茶叶样品中As含量超过国内《绿色食品-代用茶》中As的标准(As≤0.5 mg/kg),超标样品为散装黑茶。茶叶中Pb、Cd、Hg、As含量具有一定的相关性,Pb与As、Hg、Cd元素之间,Cd与As元素之间存在极显著相关。对市场中茶叶进行选择时,建议选择定型包装茶叶,产于广西的定型包装的茉莉花茶较安全;而市场中黑茶和散装茶质量差异较大,在选择相关茶叶商品时应根据其原产地、包装类型及单价分辨其质量的高低。  相似文献   

六价铬污染土壤后形态变化及其对土壤脲酶活性的影响     

蔡少华  ;和文祥  ;梁艳茹  ;潘宝钧 《农业环境保护》2009,(2):251-255

采用室内模拟方法较为系统地研究了六价水溶态铬和总铬对土壤脲酶活性的影响。结果表明,六价铬进入土壤后,水溶态含量迅速降低,降幅随培养时间延长而减缓;水溶态铬含量与外源总铬的变化呈极显著正相关;六价铬抑制土壤脲酶活性,且脲酶活性与六价水溶态铬达到极显著负相关,揭示脲酶活性可作为土壤铬污染程度的指标之一;从土壤脲酶角度获得的红壤轻度和中度污染时临界浓度,土壤总铬和水溶态铬含量分别为17．07、85．37mg·kg-1和0．78、3．88mg·kg-1;随土壤肥力降低,土壤脲酶的ED10和ED50递减。  相似文献   

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤中的砷和锑   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘乐君  常逸 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,27(3):212-214

为了简便、快速地同时测定土壤样品中砷和锑的含量，样品用HNO3－HCl（1＋1）分解，在氢化物发生－原子荧光光谱法测定过程中，研究了不同介质、酸度、还原剂质量浓度对测定结果的影响。结果，砷、锑的回收率分别为95％－101％，91％－93．8％，砷、锑的检出限分别是0．36，0．41μg/L。用此方法测定土壤标准样品中的砷、锑含量，结果与标准值吻合。  相似文献   

高砷煤矿周围旱作土壤重金属污染特征及农作物健康风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

欧灵芝  胡鸣明  安德章  唐明  秦樊鑫  李菲  孙媛媛 《农业资源与环境学报》2023,40(1):25-35

为了掌握高砷煤矿周边旱作农田重金属污染状况,运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和地积累指数法对高砷煤矿周边旱作土壤重金属（As、Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn）进行污染风险评价,并采用富集系数法、目标危害商数法和致癌风险指数法对农作物和人体健康风险进行评价。结果表明：调查区域土壤综合污染指数均值为2.12,属中度污染水平;土壤中As、Cd、Hg、Zn、Cu的含量均值分别为全国土壤背景值的7.91、2.57、5.26、1.53、3.44倍;As和Hg的污染等级高且范围广,Cu污染等级低但污染范围广,Cd的污染等级较低且范围较小,Zn基本无污染。富集系数法评价结果显示,作物对5种重金属的吸收能力表现为Cd>Zn>Cu>Hg>As。农作物健康风险评价结果显示,5种农作物的健康风险主要为非致癌风险,As是可食用农作物（除玉米外）的主要致癌风险因子和非致癌风险因子,Cd是烟草的主要致癌风险因子和非致癌风险因子。食用本地农作物对人体造成的健康风险依次为As>Cd>Hg>Cu>Zn。研究表明：研究区域土壤处于中度污染水平,As的风险较高;可食农作物中重...  相似文献   

Potential for the alleviation of arsenic toxicity in paddy rice using amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide amendments     

《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):160-169

Abstract

A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of amorphous iron-(hydr)oxide (Am-FeOH) amendments on arsenic (As) availability and its uptake by rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. BR28) irrigated with As-contaminated water. A rhizobag system was established using 3.5 L plastic pots, each containing one central compartment for plant growth, a middle compartment and an outside compartment. Three levels of laboratory-synthesized Am-FeOH (0, 0.1 and 0.5% w/w) were used to amend samples of the As-free sandy loam paddy soil placed into each compartment of the rhizobag system. The soils were submerged with a solution containing 5 mg L^?1 As(V). Two-week-old rice seedlings were planted in the central compartments and cultured for 9 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The addition of 0.1% Am-FeOH to the soil irrigated with As-contaminated water improved plant growth, reduced the As concentration in the plants and enhanced Fe-plaque formation on the root surfaces. Analysis of soil solution samples collected during the experiment revealed higher pH levels and lower redox potentials in the soils amended with Am-FeOH at the onset of soil submergence, but later the soil solution collected from the 0.1% Am-FeOH treatment was slightly acidic and more oxidized than the solution from the 0% treatment. This indicated active functioning of the roots in the soil treated with 0.1% Am-FeOH. The concentrations of As(III) in the soil solution collected from the central compartment were significantly reduced by the Am-FeOH amendments, whereas in the soil treated with 0% Fe, As(III) accumulated in the rhizosphere, particularly during the late-cultivation period. The improvement in plant growth and reduction in As uptake by plants growing in the Am-FeOH treated soil could be attributed to the reduction of available As in the soil solution, mainly as a result of the binding of As to the Fe-plaque on the root surfaces.  相似文献   

不同林分下土壤活性有机碳库研究   总被引：57，自引：1，他引：57  

姜培坤 《林业科学》2005,41(1):10-13

采样分析常绿阔叶林、马尾松林和人工杉木林不同层次土壤的活性有机碳含量。结果表明 :常绿阔叶林土壤微生物量碳和易氧化态碳含量高于马尾松与杉木林土壤 ,杉木林土壤水溶性碳含量相对较低。从不同层次看 ,土壤微生物量碳、易氧化态碳含量均随着土层深度加深而递减。水溶性碳、微生物量碳和易氧化态碳占总有机碳的比率分别波动在 0 31%～ 1 18%、0 90 %～ 2 5 1%和 7 0 3%～ 2 9 5 2 %之间 ,其中 ,土壤水溶性碳占总有机碳比率为马尾松林 >常绿阔叶林 >人工杉木林 ,易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率常绿阔叶林明显高于马尾松林和杉木林。不同土壤水溶性有机碳占总有机碳比率随剖面从上到下均表明出上升趋势 ,而易氧化态碳占总有机碳比率随剖面加深有规律地下降。土壤有机碳总量与各活性碳之间以及各类活性碳之间相关性均达到极显著水平。  相似文献   

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用检测小龙虾和鱼中不同形态砷的研究     

沈黎  陈晓园  路磊  李书谦  姚晶晶 《绿色科技》2013,(11):160-162

采用液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法联用用技术对淡水鱼、海水鱼以及小龙虾样品建立相应的形态砷分析方法并对其含量进行了测定。对色谱条件、载流、载气流速、蠕动泵速、提取条件等进行优化,明确了4种砷形态化合物的分离条件。指出了此方法具有操作简便、灵敏度高、准确度高、干扰少、简便、快捷、需要样品量少等优点,可以对小龙虾和鱼样品中的砷形态进行定量分析。  相似文献   

不同种植年限大棚菜田土壤水溶性盐分的变化特征   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

陈碧华  杨和连  李亚灵  李新峥  周俊国 《水土保持学报》2012,26(1):241-245

采集新乡市不同种植年限大棚菜田、露天菜田及大田土壤共计160个样品,调查分析水溶性盐总量、各盐分离子的变化及土壤pH值。结果表明,大棚土壤在连续种植不同年限后,水溶性盐总量上升幅度与种植年限呈极显著相关(r=0.92**);K+、Na+、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO24-含量与种植年限呈正相关,而Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-含量变化与种植年限呈负相关;土壤pH值降低幅度与种植年限呈极显著相关;K+、Na+、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-的含量均与土壤水溶性盐总量呈极显著相关。新乡市大棚菜田土壤中Cl-、NO2-、NO3-含量与pH值变化存在极显著负相关;SO42-含量与pH值变化存在显著负相关;HCO3-与土壤pH值变化存在极显著正相关。新乡市大棚菜田阳离子以K+、Na+为主,阴离子主要以Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-为主;不同种植年限对大棚土壤盐渍化和酸化有极显著影响,K+、Na+、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-则是造成土壤盐渍化的重要原因,Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-是造成土壤酸化的重要原因。  相似文献