喹诺酮类(吡哌酸、诺氟沙星)药物的热分解特性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

甄宝勤  朱小梅  韩森 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,32(9):131-134

分别采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重法(TG)和微分热重法(DTG),研究了喹诺酮类(吡哌酸、诺氟沙星)抗菌药的热分解动力学过程,计算了其热分解动力学参数——活化能(E),分析了其热分解机理,并剖析了喹诺酮类药物有机结构上的差异。  相似文献   

Ehe 桐油酸酐及桐酸酸酐合成工艺优化研究     

余继宏  邓素兰 《安徽农学通报》2007,13(6):29-31,74

考察不同溶剂、物料比、反应时间、反应温度对酸值的影响,通过正交实验优化出两种酸酐合成的最佳工艺分别为:①桐油:顺丁稀二酸酐=20:5.5 ,反应时间90min,反应温度115℃,不加溶剂;②桐酸:顺丁稀二酸酐=10:2.6,反应时间90min,反应温度140℃,不加溶剂.用红外光谱比较两者的结构.用不同酸值的两种酸酐固化环氧树脂,测试胶化时间,结果为酸值越大,胶化时间越短;游离酸值越小,胶化时间越短.  相似文献   

白云石对酸性红黄壤上油菜、玉米的效应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

武际  王文军  朱宏斌  郭熙盛  叶舒娅 《安徽农业科学》2002,30(4):527-528

施用白云石改良酸性红黄壤田间定位试验第3、4季油菜和玉米的试验结果表明:施用白云石的处理与对照比较仍能明显地促进油菜、玉米的生长发育,改善作物经济性状,显著地提高作物的籽粒产量.其中施用1 600 kg/hm2白云石处理的油菜、玉米的产量最高,分别为2 518、4 928 kg/hm2,比对照分别增产16.2 %和 44.6%;经济效益最好,经济效益分别为4 734和4 435元/hm2.施用白云石表现出了显著的后效.  相似文献   

6─氨基己酸二聚体水解酶基因在异源宿主中的表达     

周泽扬  下坂诚  崎光雄 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,(2)

将起源于黄色菌（Ｆｌａｖｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｓｐ．ＫＩ７２）的６─氨基己酸二聚体水解酶（ＥⅡ）基因以质粒ｐＴＳ１２０９为载体，转入假单孢菌ＰｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｐｕｔｉｄａＮＴ１１２６中，得到具有ＥⅡ高表达活性转基因株，表明以假单胞菌为宿主进行ＥⅡ酶分子育种的可行性，并为ＥⅡ酶尚处于进化中的推论提供了旁证。  相似文献   

桃果皮毛、果肉颜色对果实糖与酸含量的影响及相关性研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

吴本宏  李绍华  Génard Michel 《中国农业科学》2003,36(12):1540-1544

 对山桃和栽培桃品种杂交后代 10 7个个体 (分成 2 2个毛桃和 85个油桃 ,或 75个白肉桃和 3 2个黄肉桃 )的果实糖酸含量遗传规律进行了研究。结果表明 ,桃果实中的可溶性糖和酸主要是蔗糖和苹果酸 ,分别占总可溶性糖的 65%左右和总酸含量的 50 %。油桃各基因型的蔗糖、果糖、山梨糖醇、总糖、可溶性固形物及奎宁酸平均含量均显著高于毛桃 ,而毛桃和油桃基因型之间的苹果酸、柠檬酸、总酸平均含量及糖酸比没有显著差异。所有毛桃和油桃基因型的莽草酸含量都很低 ,为 0 .0 11～ 0 .0 46meq·10 0g- 1FW。果实内葡萄糖和果糖含量呈正相关 (r =0 .63 ) ,蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖分别与山梨糖醇呈显著或极显著直线正相关 ,且苹果酸与蔗糖、山梨糖醇、总糖和可溶性固形物呈显著正相关。毛桃的平均单果重显著大于油桃 ,且可溶性固形物和总酸含量与果实的大小呈显著直线负相关。此外 ,盛花后果实发育天数影响果实内糖酸含量  相似文献   

Fluorescence detection of aluminum in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal structures and glomalin using confocal laser scanning microscopy     

Paula Aguilera  Fernando Borie  Alex Seguel  Pablo Cornejo 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(12):2427-2431

Arbuscular mycorrhizal spores and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) isolated from acid soils were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for Al detection. Mycorrhizal structures of Glomus intraradices produced under in vitro conditions as well as spores and GRSP from neutral and Cu-polluted soils were used as contrasting criteria. Spores and GRSP from soils with 7 and 70% Al saturation showed autofluorescence which increased especially at the highest soil Al level and when Al³⁺ solution was added. G.intraradices spores showed fluorescence only when exogenous Al³⁺ was added. On the contrary, spores and GRSP from neutral and Cu-polluted soils showed little or no significant fluorescence. This fluorescence shown by fungal structures and GRSP when subjected to high Al (of endogenous or exogenous origin) suggest a high capacity for Al immobilization, which could be an effective way to reduce Al activity and phytotoxicity in acid soils.  相似文献   

Rock phosphate-P enhances biomass and nitrogen accumulation by legumes in upland crop production systems in humid West Africa     

Eklou A. Somado  Kanwar L. Sahrawat  Ronald F. Kuehne 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,43(1):124-130

Experiments were conducted during 1996–1998 in screen house and in the field in the humid forest zone of Côte d’Ivoire, to evaluate the effects of phosphorus (P) from phosphate rock (PR) on the performance of the root nodulating legume Crotalaria micans grown for 8 weeks. The experimental soils were acid Ultisols with <4 mg/kg extractable Bray-1 P. Tilemsi PR from Mali and triple superphosphate (TSP) were applied at 60 kg P ha^?1 (screen house) and 90 kg P ha^?1 (field) to the legume. Legume N-fixed (BNF) was estimated by the ¹⁵N-isotope dilution and δ ¹⁵N natural abundance methods, using Cassia obtusifolia L. as a non-fixing legume reference plant. Without P supply, and under the field conditions, C. micans produced less than 1 tonne of biomass and accumulated 29 kg N/ha. The application of PR-P enhanced legume N by about fourfold over the unfertilised control. There was no significant difference between the effects of TSP and PR. Phosphorus application mainly affected the total amount of N accumulated rather than the percentage derived from the atmosphere (%N dfa) per se. Furthermore, the cumulative effects of PR-P on the performance of C. micans greatly improved with time in the screen house. This study confirms that Tilemsi PR is an agronomically effective source of P for short-duration legume green manure (GM) even in the first year of its application to acid P-deficient soils in the West African humid zone.  相似文献   

Microbiological processes in soil organic phosphorus transformations in conventional and biological cropping systems   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

A. Oberson  J. M. Besson  N. Maire  H. Sticher 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,21(3):138-148

We studied microbiological processes in organic P transformations in soils cultivated with conventional and biological farming systems during the 13th and 14th year of different cropping systems. The treatments included control, biodynamic, bioorganic, and conventional plots and a mineral fertilization treatment. Different P fractions were investigated using a sequential fractionation method. Labile organic P, extracted by 0.5 M NaHCO₃, was not affected by the farming systems. However, residual organic P remaining in the soil at the end of the sequential fractionation procedure showed that the biodynamic treatment, in particular, led to a modification of the composition of organic P. Labile organic P, organic P extractable in 0.1 M NaOH, and total residual P all showed temporal fluctuations. As total residual P consists of more than 70% organic P, it can be assumed that residual organic P contributed to these variations. This result indicates that chemically resistant organic P participates in short-term accumulation and mineralization processes. All biological soil parameters tested in this study showed significant temporal fluctuations, mainly attributed to differences in climatic conditions between years, but possibly also related to the growth cycle of the crop. The higher values of the biological soil parameters in the biodynamic and bioorganic treatments were explained by the greater importance of manure and the different plant protection strategies. The level of phosphatase activity and mineralization of organic C indicated a higher turnover of organic substrates, and thus of organic P, in the biodynamic and bioorganic treatments. Biological parameters were shown to be critical for assessing the significance of organic P in the soil P turnover.  相似文献   

酸性矿石废水短期污染对水稻土的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

邓冬梅  邱玉龙  王银杏  易敏  孙宇飞 《土壤》2016,48(4):754-761

以受酸性矿石废水(ARD)污染1年的水稻田为研究对象,根据“ARD–土壤–水稻”体系中Cu、Cd、Pb和Zn等重金属含量,评价污染风险,分析ARD初期污染土壤中重金属的迁移特性;并分析土壤酸化潜力、理化性质和土壤脱氢酶含量,研究其与土壤重金属间的关系,探讨土壤污染特征,为酸性矿石废水(ARD)短期污染土壤的治理提供依据。结果表明:ARD的p H在2~3,其Cu和Cd分别超过国家V类水标准8.53倍和13倍。受ARD污染1年后,土壤中已有不同程度的Cu的富集,其中污染最严重的污1土壤中Cu(64.0 mg/kg)均超过国家二级标准(50.0 mg/kg),但污染土壤上水稻中的重金属大部分富集在根中,稻米中的重金属均远低于国家食品卫生标准。ARD污染也造成不同程度的土壤酸化和功能衰减,污1样地酸化和功能衰减最严重,其土壤p H和净产酸量(ANG)分别为3.5和H2SO4 12.4 kg/t,土壤脱氢酶活性已降为TBF 0.002 mg/(kg干土?24h)。此外,土壤中重金属含量和土壤酸化及土壤其他理化性质有一定关系,如土壤中总Cu和有效态Cu均和土壤中p H、NAGPH、Fe和SO42–极显著相关(P0.01),而土壤中Cu和Cd均和有效硅和电导率极显著相关(P0.01)。  相似文献   

热带亚热带酸性土壤硝化作用与氮淋溶特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵旭  蔡思源  邢光熹  朱兆良 《土壤》2020,52(1):1-9

通过室内好气培养和土柱模拟淋洗培养试验,研究了氨基氮肥加入对热带亚热带4种不同性质和利用方式酸性土壤硝化、氮及盐基离子淋溶、土壤及淋出液酸化的影响。4种土壤分别为采自花岗岩发育的海南林地砖红壤(HR)、玄武岩发育的云南林地砖红壤(YR)、第四纪红黏土发育的江西旱地红壤(RU)和第四纪下蜀黄土发育的江苏旱地黄棕壤(YU)。结果表明:4种土壤硝化作用大小表现为YURUYRHR。HR主要以可溶性有机氮(DON)和NH_4~+-N形态淋失,YU土壤的氮淋溶形态以NO_3~–-N为主,YR和RU土壤的氮淋溶形态NO_3~–-N、NH_4~+-N和DON兼而有之。盐基离子总淋失量与NO_3~–-N淋失量显著正相关,但各盐基离子淋失由于离子本性和土壤性质差异并不完全一致。Ca~(2+)在缓冲外源NH_4~+-N硝化致酸和平衡NO_3~–-N淋失所带负电荷过程中起重要作用。在阳离子交换量小、盐基饱和度低的土壤(如RU土壤),外源NH_4~+-N的硝化和淋失不仅导致盐基离子淋失,而且引发NH_4~+-N、甚至是H~+淋失。综上,热带亚热带地区土壤上外源氮输入的增加可能会在更短的时间内导致氮素向系统外的流失,引发环境问题。  相似文献