灌溉小麦优质高产生态栽培优化数学模型研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

安成立  戴开军  张俊杰  董彦卿  王红 《中国农学通报》2003,19(5):103-103

运用农业系统工程原理,采用三因子二次饱和D最优设计方案[8],选取对小麦产量影响较大的播期x1、播量x2和施肥量x3为调控因子[5] [7],以每公顷 产量y为目标函数研究灌溉小麦优质高产生态栽培优化数学模型。结果表明,在试验设计条件下,影响灌溉小麦产量的各生态因素权重依次为播期x1＞播量x2＞施肥量x3,依据建立的模型,目标产量在7500～9000kg/hm2时,灌溉小麦优质高产最佳农艺方案为：播期x1 10月2日～5日,播量x2 145.91～211.76万粒/ hm2,施肥量x3纯N、P（N∶P2O5=1∶1）191.83～304.73 kg/hm2。本研究为灌溉小麦优质高产生态栽培提供科学依据。  相似文献   

双隐性甜糯玉米的主要农艺及品质性状   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

郝小琴  吴子恺 《作物学报》2003,29(3):321-330

利用糯玉米(wxwx)分别与普甜玉米(su1su1)和超甜玉米(sh2sh2)杂交,在F1代的果穗上分离出纯合双隐性甜糯玉米(su1su1wxwx或sh2sh2wxwx),再同时种植双隐性甜糯玉米及亲本普甜玉米、超甜玉米和糯玉米,观测了一系列农艺性状,并分析了甜糯双隐性基因的互作效应.主要结果如下:(1)双隐性甜糯玉米的三叶期出现最迟,株高较高.(2)大部分  相似文献   

稻米品质性状与产量性状及籼粳分化度的相互关系研究   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19  

吴长明  孙传清  付秀林  王象坤  李自超  张强 《作物学报》2003,29(6):822-828

通过QTL的连锁关系和性状相关性研究表明,供试的籼粳重组自交系群体的籼粳分化程度与籼、粳稻的直链淀粉含量高低无直接关系,籼粳分化度与胶稠度、碱消值、蛋白质和粗脂肪含量之间呈现显著相关和密切连锁关系;直链淀粉含量的高低不是影响稻米食味品质的关键因素,胶稠度和碱消值是影响稻米食味品质的最重要因素;单株产量越高,  相似文献   

Identification of QTLs related to sugar and organic acid composition in melon using near-isogenic lines     

Javier M. Obando-Ulloa  Iban Eduardo  Antonio J. Monforte  J. Pablo Fernández-Trujillo 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

The soluble sugar and organic acid composition of melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit flesh has become a major focus of plant breeding worldwide in an attempt to improve taste. Thus, sugar and organic acid profiles were characterized using near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from the Spanish cultivar Piel de Sapo (PS) and the exotic Korean accession Shongwan Charmi (PI 161375). Fruits were cultivated in only one environment. These data were used to map 60 quantitative trait loci (QTLs): 18 for individual sugars, eight for sucrose equivalents, five for the glucose-to-fructose ratio, seven for the total sugar content and 21 for organic acids. Within the QTLs that were associated with the sugar profile, 27 defined the sugar content: eight for fructose, six for glucose, four for sucrose, and nine for sucrose equivalents. Although increased sweetness of selected NILs compared with the parental PS was achieved by an increased glucose or fructose content, only glucose heritability was above 0.5. A total of 21 QTLs (two with positive effects and nineteen with detrimental effects compared with the PS levels) controlled the organic acid profile: l-glutamic, ascorbic and succinic acids (the principal ones) and fumaric, citric, oxalacetic, and isocitric acids. The levels of sugars imparted by the PI 161375 introgression frequently decreased the score grades given to NILs by consumers. Within the 32 QTLs mapped for sensory traits, 27 were associated with lower scores in taste (nine QTLs), sweetness (eight QTLs) or global quality appreciation (nine QTLs); two with increased fruit sourness or sweetness and three with increased fruit bitterness. The QTLs defined herein may assist breeders to understand the overall organoleptic balance (sweetness, sourness, and umami taste) in melon fruit, particularly those located within linkage groups III, V, VI, and VIII to XI.  相似文献   

苦瓜主要经济性状的遗传及其与环境互作效应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张长远  罗剑宁  何晓莉  郑晓明  罗少波 《园艺学报》2009,36(12):1761-1766

 利用加性-显性与环境互作遗传模型, 分析了7个苦瓜亲本及其21个F1代在春、秋两个栽培 季节8个经济性状的数据, 估算了各项遗传方差分量。结果表明, 单株前期产量(单株前产) 、单瓜质量、果实纵径、果实横径、果肉厚和果形指数等6 个性状主要由加性效应控制, 加性方差的比率分别为45.2%、70.7%、89.4%、38.1%、41.2%和22.0% , 均达极显著水平; 单株产量和单株结果数则以加性×环境效应占优势(加性×环境方差的比率分别为24.5%和38.1% ) 。除单株结果数外, 其余性状的普通狭义遗传率和普通广义遗传率均达到极显著水平; 单株结果数的互作狭义和互作广义遗传率最高, 也达到了极显著水平。  相似文献   

Historical influences dominate the composition of regenerating plant communities in abandoned citrus groves in north-central Florida     

Graeme S. Cumming  Ann George 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(7):957-970

The question of what determines plant community composition is fundamental to the study of plant community ecology. We examined the relative roles of historical land use, landscape context, and the biophysical environment as determinants of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves in north-central Florida. Results were interpreted in light of plant functional traits. Herbaceous and woody plants responded differently to broad-scale variables; herbs correlated most strongly with surrounding land cover at a scale of 8 km, while the only significant determinant of woody species distributions was local land use history. There were significant correlations between herbaceous species and spatial context, habitat isolation, environmental variables, and historical variables. Partial Mantel tests indicated that each variable provided a unique contribution in explaining some of the variation in the herbaceous dataset. The correlation between woody plants and local historical variables remained significant even with other effects corrected for. In the herbaceous community, species composition was linked to functional traits much as expected from classical theory. While spatial influences in our study system are important for both woody and herbaceous plants, the primary determinant of plant community composition in regenerating citrus groves is historical land use. Our results suggest that the fine-scale mechanisms of local competition, tolerance and facilitation invoked by many classical studies may ultimately be less important than land use history in understanding current plant community composition in regenerating agricultural areas.  相似文献   

基于表型值和育种值的中国对虾生长、抗逆性状相关分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

栾生  孔杰  张天时  罗坤  杨翠华  田燚  王清印 《海洋水产研究》2008,29(3)

利用单性状动物模型估计中国对虾170d的体重、抗WSSV存活时间和存活率3个性状的育种值,在家系水平上进行性状间表型值和育种值相关分析。估计的3个性状的遗传力分别为:0.22±0.16、0.14±0.12和0.03±0.021,并据此计算各性状个体育种值。家系性状表型值的相关分析表明,家系170d体重和抗WSSV存活时间之间存在一定程度相关(r=0.35,P<0.05),其余性状间相关系数很小,且差异不显著。3个性状家系育种值间的相关系数均较小,170d体重与抗WSSV存活时间的相关系数最高(0.038),170d体重与存活率,抗WSSV存活时间与存活率之间为负相关(r=-0.24,r=-0.027),并且统计检验未达到显著性水平。研究结果表明,利用多性状复合育种技术,培育综合性状优良的中国对虾新品种是一个正确而必要的育种策略。  相似文献   

烟属野生种主要植物学性状及黑胫病抗性评价     

何彬  杨志新  方敦煌  李勇  陈学军 《热带作物学报》2017,38(6):1028-1034

鉴定了烟属植物野生种生育期等植物学性状特性,评价了供试材料对黑胫病(0号及1号生理小种)的抗性,为开展远缘杂交花期相遇及亲本选配提供了基础数据。在玻璃温室内,本研究针对66份烟属植物野生种的生育期等7个植物学性状的调查,检测了烟碱及钾含量,并对黑胫病(0号及1号生理小种)抗性进行了评价。结果表明:供试材料播种到开花时间(DF)为35.00~357.00 d,平均121.67 d;种子千粒重(TSW)为0.02~0.20 g,平均0.09 g;株高(PH)为11.20~292.75 cm,平均119.19 cm;花冠长度(CL)为1.22~11.50 cm,平均3.98 cm;花冠直径(CD)0.67~7.80 cm,平均2.37 cm;最大叶长(MLL)为6.79~61.15 cm,平均25.17 cm;最大叶宽(MLW)为0.65~35.51 cm,平均11.84 cm。烟碱含量为0.03%~1.81%,平均0.34%;钾含量为0.32%~7.11%,平均3.56%。筛选到N.alata PI42334等11份资源同时抗黑胫病0及1号生理小种。  相似文献   

小麦白斑突变体I30的特征特性及遗传分析     

李倩倩  赵秋实  蒋宏宝  耿皆飞  刘录祥  张晓燕  谢彦周  王成社 《麦类作物学报》2017,(7):871-879

类病斑突变体是研究植物程序性死亡和抗病性的理想材料。为了丰富小麦斑点突变体的研究,对叠氮化钠诱变小麦品种陕农33产生的稳定遗传的白斑突变体I30进行了特征特性研究和遗传分析。结果表明,突变体I30从三叶期开始表现白色块斑和长条纹。锥虫蓝染色和DAB染色显示,I30斑点处出现细胞死亡和H_2O_2积累现象。透射电子显微镜观察表明,I30的叶绿体形状发生改变,数目减少,基粒垛叠高度无序,部分甚至降解。农艺性状调查结果表明,I30的株高、单株有效穗数、穗粒数、穗长和结实率与野生型间无显著差异,但千粒重、穗粒重、单株产量、旗叶长度和宽度显著低于野生型。遗传分析表明,I30由1对隐性核基因控制。利用BSA+660K基因芯片技术,将该基因定位于小麦6D染色体上,位于SSR分子标记Xcfd190和6DS-5之间,遗传距离分别为6.4cM和9.1cM。  相似文献   

Analysis of residuals for stability assessment of rice genotypes     

Daljit Singh Virk 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(1):1-24

The analysis of residuals computes general adaptabilities (GAs) and specific adaptabilities (SAs) of genotypes similar to combining ability analysis. The residual analysis is simple and robust being based on the first-degree statistics, and is assumption-free. A unique statistic of ratio of variances (VR) of residuals for individual genotypes allows comparing their stability. The residuals analysis of genotype × environment (GE) interactions was performed for grain yield (t ha^?1) of 25 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes, including two developed by marker-assisted selection for root traits quantitative trait loci (QTL), tested across 16 sites. Results were compared with the linear regression analysis for (i) full set of 16 sites showing adequacy of linear model and (ii) subset of nine-poor sites showing inadequacy of linear model. There was agreement between the two analyses for situation (i) but not for situation (ii) when the regression analysis fails because of nonlinearity but the residual analysis retains its validity.  相似文献