甜玉米(Zea mays L.saccharata Sturt)含糖量与主要农艺性状的相关及通径分析     

高东雪  王玥  陈琪玉  王宇琪  赵仁贵 《分子植物育种》2020,(4):1290-1296

为选育含糖量高的甜玉米品种,本试验对甜玉米含糖量与主要农艺性状进行相关性分析。结果表明,含糖量与穗长、株高、穗位呈正相关,与单穗重、秃尖长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、轴重、轴粗、百粒重、茎粗呈负相关。在实际选择中可以参考这些性状来选择含糖量高的甜玉米。为了更加清楚地了解各主要农艺性状和含糖量之间的直接效应和间接效应,对此进行通径分析,结果表明,各农艺性状对含糖量的通径系数顺序为穗长>株高>轴重>穗位>单穗重>穗粗>茎粗>行粒数>穗行数>百粒重>轴粗>秃尖长>皮渣率。本研究为今后选育含糖量高的甜玉米品种提供了重要的参考依据。  相似文献   

GDFs基因家族候选基因对崇仁麻鸡生长性状的影响     

魏岳  谭美芳  唐维国  武艳平  黄江南  刘林秀  陈介文  谢金防 《安徽农业大学学报》2020,47(3):368

利用崇仁麻鸡差异性状的重测序结果,将生长分化因子(GDFs)基因家族作为候选基因,筛选与崇仁麻鸡生长性状相关的多态位点。结果发现,GDF-2、GDF-8和GDF-10基因的多态位点对崇仁麻鸡的生长性状有着显著或极显著的影响。单倍型分析结果显示,GDF-2和GDF-10基因的单倍型H3H3为劣势单倍型组合可以选择淘汰。研究结果表明,GDFs基因家族候选基因对崇仁麻鸡的生长性状有一定的影响。  相似文献   

灌草立体配置对退化草地土壤水分和养分的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁方晖  赵凌平  谭世图 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,48(12):18-25

【目的】比较灌草立体配置模式下3种不同生境的土壤水分、养分和植物根系相关参数的差异,探究灌草立体配置30年对退化草地土壤水分和养分以及植物根系的影响,为黄土高原水土保持和生态恢复提供理论依据。【方法】以位于黄土高原云雾山国家草原自然保护区种植30年的人工柠条和野山桃搭配灌丛带样地为研究对象,采集灌丛带内部、灌丛带边缘和灌丛带外部不同土层的土样和植物根系,比较3种位置下土壤水分、养分含量和植物根系特征的差异,并分析了根长与土壤水分和养分含量的相关性。【结果】在0～80 cm土层,灌丛带内部的土壤含水量明显高于灌丛带边缘和灌丛带外部。在0～80 cm土层,随着土层深度增加,灌丛带3个位置土壤全氮、碱解氮和有机碳含量均呈下降趋势,而全磷含量变化不明显;在同一土层,灌丛带内部的全氮、碱解氮和有机碳含量均明显高于灌丛带边缘和灌丛带外部。在灌丛带内部、灌丛带边缘和灌丛带外部3个位置,植物根系生物量呈减小的趋势。从垂直分布来看,灌丛带内部、灌丛带边缘和灌丛带外部0～15 cm土层的植物根系生物量分别占0～40 cm土层植物根系生物量的90.86%,90.79%,92.91%,说明植物根系生物量主要集中分布于0～15 cm土层。3个取样位置中,灌丛带内部植物根长、根表面积和根体积均最大。相关性分析表明,灌丛带植物根长与0～20 cm土层的土壤含水量,0～40 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮、0～80 cm土层碱解氮均呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】在黄土高原退化草地上进行灌草立体配置可以促进植物根系生长,提高土壤水分和养分含量,有利于退化草地的恢复。  相似文献   

山西谷子品种主要农艺性状的相关和主成分分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨慧卿  王根全  郝晓芬  王晓宇  程乔林  秦玉忠 《农学学报》2020,10(10):19-23

为了明确山西谷子品种主要农艺性状间的关系,采用相关分析和主成分分析方法对11个山西谷子品种的10个农艺性状进行分析。结果表明：农艺性状的变异范围为1.94%~13.39%,各农艺性状的变异程度由大到小依次为单穗重、穗粒重、产量、穗长、株高、千粒重、出苗期—抽穗期天数、抽穗期—成熟期天数、出谷率、生育期。抽穗期—成熟期天数、单穗重、穗粒重、千粒重、出谷率等5个性状指标与产量呈正相关,其中,抽穗期—成熟期天数与产量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),出苗期—抽穗期天数与抽穗期—成熟期天数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),出苗期—抽穗期天数与生育期呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。在所有的主成分分析中,主要集中在前3个主成分,其累积贡献率达75.20%。在对高产品种综合性状评价和选育过程中,穗粒重是提高产量的关键,但同时也应注重对其他性状的综合考虑,注重选择单穗重偏高、株高偏低、生育期、穗长和出谷率适中的材料。  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci analysis for root traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat under drought stress conditions          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Rui-xuan  WU Fang-kun  YI Xin  LIN Yu  WANG Zhi-qiang  LIU Shi-hang  DENG Mei  MA Jian  WEI Yu-ming  ZHENG You-liang  LIU Ya-xi 《农业科学学报》2020,19(8):1947-1960

Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW), possesses numerous genes for drought that can help breeding for drought-tolerant wheat varieties. We evaluated 10 root traits at seedling stage in 111 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a F2 population of a SHW line(SHW-L1) and a common wheat line, under normal(NC) and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions(DC). We mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for root traits using an enriched high-density genetic map containing 120 370 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), 733 diversity arrays technology markers(DArT) and 119 simple sequence repeats(SSRs). With four replicates per treatment, we identified 19 QTLs for root traits under NC and DC, and 12 of them could be consistently detected with three or four replicates. Two novel QTLs for root fresh weight and root diameter under NC explained 9 and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation respectively, and six novel QTLs for root fresh weight, the ratio of root water loss, total root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks under DC explained 8.5–14% of the phenotypic variation. Here seven of eight novel QTLs could be consistently detected with more than three replicates. Results provide essential information for fine-mapping QTLs related to drought tolerance that will facilitate breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.  相似文献   

玉米脱粒破碎率关键影响因子及其最优预测模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜春雨  李银昌  杨锦忠  朱如华  丁山  宋朝玉  王圣健 《玉米科学》2020,28(3):142-147

子粒破碎率高是当前中国玉米机械收获子粒的重要限制因素,解析破碎率变化原因,建立其简便预测模型是需要解决的重要问题。本文采集7个玉米品种在3个种植密度下组合的果穗,在不同子粒含水率梯度条件下开展单穗脱粒试验。种植密度在6万～9万株/hm2范围内对子粒破碎率没有影响,品种、子粒的含水率、抗侧压碎力和穿刺强度等的影响均达到统计显著水平。品种对破碎率变化的偏贡献率为12.7%,且品种的偏贡献率子粒含水率的偏贡献率抗侧压碎力的偏贡献率穿刺强度的偏贡献率,种植密度的偏贡献率接近于零。破碎率的最优预测因子是穿刺强度,预测模型:破碎率=10.25×0.990穿刺强度,满足破碎率不高于5%约束的穿刺强度值不得低于60 MPa。研究结果可为玉米破碎率预测、宜机收玉米新品种培育与鉴定、脱粒机具设计与制造提供数据支撑和技术参考。  相似文献   

水分和盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发相关性状的QTL定位     

王秀华  于鸿翔  潘香逾  赵岩  李斯深 《麦类作物学报》2020,40(10):1157-1165

小麦萌发期对水分和盐胁迫敏感,对该时期水分和盐胁迫下种子萌发性状进行QTL定位具有重要的意义。本研究以小麦“泰农18×临麦6号” RIL群体为材料,以20%PEG-6000溶液和100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl溶液分别模拟水分和盐胁迫环境,对种子萌发期10个性状进行了QTL定位。结果表明,在正常、水分胁迫和盐胁迫3种不同处理下各性状变异较大。相关分析表明,抗旱和耐盐可能是两个独立遗传的性状,胚芽鞘长可以作为节水抗旱的鉴定指标。3种处理下共检测到10个萌发相关性状的103个QTL,其中,17个为相对高频QTL（RHF-QTL）,分布在7条染色体（1A、3A、3B、4B、7A、7B和7D）上,平均贡献率为7.55%~15.97%。这些RHF-QTL形成4个QTL簇（QTL cluster,QC）,分布在3A、7A和7D染色体上。其中,7A染色体上的QC2包括3个RHF-QTLs（ QSdw-7A.1、 QGf-7A.1和 QGi-7A.1）,均与小麦耐盐性相关;7D染色体上的QC3包括2个RHF-QTLs（ QGi-7D.1、 QGdrc-7D.1）,均与小麦节水抗旱性相关。这2个QCs增加效应均来自母本泰农18。本研究获得的RHF-QTLs和QCs,可为小麦萌发期节水抗旱和耐盐分子标记辅助选择提供理论和技术支持。  相似文献   

Genetic bases of source-,sink-,and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice     

Yun Wang  Yunlong Pang  Kai Chen  Laiyuan Zhai  Congcong Shen  Shu Wang  Jianlong Xu 《作物学报(英文版)》2020,(1):119-131

The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield.We investigated the genetic basis of the relationship between source and sink and yield potential in rice.In two environments,we identified quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with sink capacity(total spikelet number per panicle and thousand-grain weight),source leaf(flag leaf length,flag leaf width and flag leaf area),source-sink relationship(total spikelet number to flag leaf area ratio)and yield-related traits(filled grain number per panicle,panicle number per plant,grain yield per plant,biomass per plant,and harvest index)by genome-wide association analysis using 272 Xian(indica)accessions.The panel showed substantial variation for all traits in the two environments and revealed complex phenotypic correlations.A total of 70 QTL influencing the 11 traits were identified using 469,377 high-quality SNP markers.Five QTL were detected consistently in four chromosomal regions in both environments.Five QTL clusters simultaneously affected source,sink,source–sink relationship,and grain yield traits,probably explaining the genetic basis of significant correlations of grain yield with source and sink traits.We selected 24 candidate genes in the four consistent QTL regions by identifying linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks associated with significant SNPs and performing haplotype analysis.The genes included one cloned gene(NOG1)and three newly identified QTL(qHI6,qTGW7,and qFLA8).These results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding by increasing and balancing source–sink relationships using marker-assisted selection.  相似文献   

Diversity,plant growth-promoting traits,and biocontrol potential of fungal endophytes of Sorghum bicolor     

Sollepura B. Rajini  Murali Nandhini  Arkere C. Udayashankar  Siddapura R. Niranjana  Ole S. Lund  Harischandra S. Prakash 《Plant pathology》2020,69(4):642-654

The diversity of fungal endophytes in Sorghum bicolor was investigated in samples collected from 10 different geographical regions of Karnataka state, India. A total of 360 endophytes were isolated from leaf, stem, and root tissues and were assigned to 26 fungal species based on morphology and molecular characterization using ITS sequences. All the endophytes belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The diversity (Shannon H, 2.57; Simpson_1-D, 0.92) and species richness (Margalef's, 4.68; Menhinick, 3.61) were found to be higher for the endophytes isolated from leaf tissues. The species evenness of the endophytic assemblage was strongly influenced by tissue type, followed by geographical location. The biocontrol potential of isolated endophytes was evaluated against economically destructive sorghum grain mould pathogens such as Fusarium thapsinum, Epicoccum sorghinum, Alternaria alternata, and Curvularia lunata using the dual culture method. Biocontrol potential was exhibited by 26 endophytic isolates, of which Trichoderma asperellum recorded broad-spectrum activity against target pathogens, followed by E. nigrum and A. longipes. Most (82%) endophytes showed plant growth-promoting traits. Biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was observed in 84% of isolates, and phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and cellulase activity was observed in 69%, 23%, and 27% of isolates, respectively. Seeds treated with T. asperellum exhibited a significantly higher seed vigour index (2096), germination percentage (94%), and yield under greenhouse and field conditions. The results were substantiated by the confocal microscopy analysis, which clearly demonstrated the colonization of treated endophyte in root tissues. The present study reveals an ecofriendly approach to explore T. asperellum in sorghum disease management.  相似文献   

灰关联熵在长江中游杂交油菜新品种选育中的应用     

王军威  邹俊  甄才红  郭利伟  柳菁  柳楷婧  蓝黎明  沈军  刘守尧  周凯  程辉 《现代农业科技》2020,(15)

运用灰关联熵分析方法,对11个2017～2018年度长江中游区国家油菜新品种的农艺性状与单株产量的灰关联熵分析,结果表明,各性状与单株产量的熵关联度为：硫苷0.9793,菌核病发病率0.9808,菌核病发病指数0.9806,株高,0.9863,有效分枝数0.9734,单株有效角数0.9876,角粒数0.9848,千粒重0.9807,单株产量0.9894;熵关联顺序为：单株产量、单株有效角数、株高、角粒数、菌核病发病率、千粒重、菌核病发病指数、硫苷、有效分枝数,为长江中游区杂交油菜品种选育指明方向。  相似文献