拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的解淀粉芽孢杆菌LX1菌株的鉴定及其抗菌蛋白基因的克隆     

卢娟  夏启玉  顾文亮  孙建波  卢雪花  张欣  王宇光 《热带作物学报》2013,34(1):117-124

收集海南不同盐碱地的土样进行拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的微生物分离,对具有较强抑菌作用的菌株进行形态特征、生理生化和分子鉴定,并克隆其抗菌蛋白基因.结果分离到1株具有较强抑制香蕉枯萎病菌能力的细菌LXl,经鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens).抑菌实验发现LX1菌株的发酵上清液中粗蛋白有一定的抑菌作用,经过Sephacryl S-200HR柱层析、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析分离纯化了其中抑菌作用最强的抗菌蛋白.质谱鉴定结果表明,抗菌蛋白与B.amyloliquefaciens FZB42内切葡聚糖酶同源性最高.根据质谱结果克隆了该抗菌蛋白的编码基因,该基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列与B.amyloliquefaciens FZB42的内切葡聚糖酶的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别达99％和100％.拮抗香蕉枯萎病菌的芽孢杆菌LX1可作为潜在的防治香蕉枯萎病的的生防制剂,其抗菌蛋白基因也可通过遗传工程应用于香蕉枯萎病的防治.  相似文献   

Bacterial diversity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in brackish water in Saudi Arabia     

Ahmed H. Al-Harbi  Naim Uddin 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,250(3-4):566-572

The bacterial flora occurring in brackish pond water, sediment, gills and intestine of healthy tilapia cultured in Saudi Arabia were estimated both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the isolates were identified to genus or species level. Total viable count of bacteria ranged from 1.4±1.5×10³ to 8.6±2.7×10³ cfu ml⁻¹; 1.2±3.1×10⁶ to 7.3±1.1×10⁷ cfu g⁻¹; 8.7±1.9×10⁵ to 2.1±0.9×10⁶ cfu g⁻¹; and 2.8±2.4×10⁷ to 1.0±1.6×10⁸ cfu g⁻¹ in the pond water, sediment, gills and intestine of brackish water tilapia, respectively. In total, 19 bacterial species were identified. The bacteria were predominantly Gram-negative rods (87%). Pond water and sediment bacteria influenced the bacterial composition of gills and intestine of tilapia. In contrast to gill bacteria, more diversification was observed in intestinal bacteria. The predominant (prevalence >10%) bacterial species were Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio carchariae, Vibrio alginolyticus, Chryseomonas sp., Vibrio vulnificus, and Streptococcus sp. in all the populations with the exception of the sediment population where Streptococcus sp. was replaced by Shewanella putrefaciens. Vibrio spp. (58% of the total isolates) dominated the total bacterial population.  相似文献   

咸干蓝点马鲛品质特征与优势菌群分析          下载免费PDF全文

王睿迪  刘胜男  王玉  赵延宁  薛勇 《渔业科学进展》2019,40(2):141-147

为了更好地了解传统咸干蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)(鲅鱼)的品质特征,以市售产品中感官品质较为突出的咸干鲅鱼作为研究对象,对其水分、含盐量、NaNO2含量、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)等理化指标进行了测定,并进一步对咸干鲅鱼中的优势菌进行了分离、纯化与鉴定。结果显示,咸干鲅鱼样品含水量为54.40%、含盐量为3.1%,属于半干低盐制品;NaNO2含量为5.07 mg/kg,符合相关食品安全标准的规定;TVB-N含量高达40.12 mg/100 g,说明发酵过程蛋白质降解程度较大;TBARS值为10.00 mg/kg,脂质氧化程度在感官可接受的范围内。咸干鲅鱼中的微生物以细菌为主,清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sakei)、产气肠杆菌(Enterobacter aerogenes)、长赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus macrolides)和香坊肠杆菌(Enterobacter xiangfangensis)为优势菌。其中,清酒乳杆菌具有发酵菌的典型特征,可能在咸干鲅鱼发酵过程中起主要作用。  相似文献   

细菌性根腐病对三七光合特性的影响     

武洪敏  沙本才  张金燕  寸竹  陈军文 《中国生态农业学报》2020,28(11):1739-1752

根腐病是严重威胁三七生产的重要因素之一,常年发病率在5%～20%。其中,由假单胞杆菌(Pseudomon adaceae)引起的细菌性根腐病,因叶片出现缺水萎蔫症状时才能发现,目前尚无有效的预防措施。为探究细菌性根腐病对三七光合生理特性的影响,从而为三七病害生理学研究提供理论基础,本文以2年生三七为材料,设置2个处理[发病植株和健康对照植株(CK)],研究细菌性根腐病对三七形态结构、光合特性和光系统功能的影响。结果表明:1)根腐病导致三七的主根褐变腐烂,须根断损,茎基部腐烂中空,叶片萎蔫,各器官含水量比CK显著降低(P≤0.05);而株高、叶面积和叶片解剖结构(上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度和海绵组织厚度)在两处理间均无显著差异。2)发病植株叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、水分利用效率(WUE)和表观叶肉导度(AMC)显著低于CK(P≤0.05),且CK叶片胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)与P_n呈反比。3)发病植株叶片的光系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)反应中心P700最大荧光信号(P_m)根腐病初期暂不受影响,而叶片暗适应下最大量子效率(F_v/F_m)、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)电子传递速率[ETR(Ⅱ)]、PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量[Y(Ⅱ)]、PSⅠ电子传递速率[ETR(Ⅰ)]、PSⅠ周围的环式电子流(CEF)和PSⅠ实际光化学量子产量[Y(Ⅰ)]均显著低于CK(P≤0.05);参与调节性能量耗散的量子产量[Y(NO)]则显著高于CK(P≤0.05);发病植株的快速叶绿素荧光动力学曲线上出现K相,且显著高于CK(P≤0.05)。总的来看,细菌性根腐病对三七发病植株各器官的损伤严重程度为根茎叶,且根腐病导致发病植株叶片叶绿素降解, PSⅡ受到不可逆损伤, PSⅠ的电子传递被抑制,且叶肉细胞CO_2的同化能力降低,根腐病限制三七正常进行光合作用的条件。  相似文献   

茶用菊苗期枯萎病抗性鉴定技术研究     

李媛媛  刘晔  柳丽娜  赵爽  陈素梅  房伟民  陈发棣  管志勇 《核农学报》2020,34(8):1666-1673

为了建立茶用菊枯萎病抗性鉴定的方法,了解茶用菊种质资源对枯萎病抗性的差异,筛选抗性种质用于抗病育种,本研究以茶用菊为试验材料,通过枯萎病病原菌分离、形态学和真菌18S rDNA/ITS鉴定和致病力研究,开展茶用菊资源苗期枯萎病人工接种鉴定,并筛选优异抗病种质。结果表明,从发病的福白菊植株上分离到M15和M16 2株枯萎病病原菌菌株,经鉴定,这2株菌株均属于尖孢镰刀菌,致病力检测发现M15为强致病力菌株。通过枯萎病抗性鉴定,筛选到七月白1份高抗品种,杭白菊、苏菊7号等9份抗病品种,滁菊、亳菊等17份中抗品种,福白菊、苏菊6号等3份感病品种以及皇菊1份高感品种。本研究建立了一种高效的茶用菊品种抗枯萎病的鉴定方法,为茶用菊抗枯萎病品种改良奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas azotoformans,Serratia marcescens and Trichoderma virens against Fusarium wilt of Dalbergia sissoo     

Sabyasachi Banerjee  Seema Singh  Shailesh Pandey  Maneesh S. Bhandari  Amit Pandey  Krishna Giri 《Forest Pathology》2020,50(2)

Wilt disease caused by Fusarium solani is a serious constraint to Dalbergia sissoo (shisham) plantations in northern India. In this study, the antagonistic potential of 40 bacterial isolates recovered from rhizophere soil of healthy shisham trees, and a well‐characterized Trichoderma species (Trichoderma virens) were tested for their possibility as biocontrol agents for F. solani. Two promising isolates (S1 and S15) were identified which inhibited pathogen growth, caused chitin degradation, produced siderophores and solubilized phosphate in vitro. Isolate S15 scored highest for hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production while isolate S1 was a non‐HCN producer. These two isolates were identified as Serratia marcescens (S1) and Pseudomonas azotoformans (S15) following sequence analysis of 16S rDNA. In dual culture assays, T. virens caused 80% inhibition of mycelial growth of the test fungus. The three selected antagonists when tested in planta in the glasshouse completely suppressed production of wilt symptoms on 12‐month‐old shisham plants. Further work is needed to ascertain the potential of these isolates to be used as biocontrol agents to manage shisham wilt under field conditions.  相似文献   

番茄青枯病抑病土壤根际微生物群落特征及其抑制性传递机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘洪  董元华  申民翀  孙菲菲  王夏  刘金平  李建刚 《土壤学报》2022,59(4):1125-1135

根际微生物在宿主植物抵御土传病害发生过程中发挥着重要作用。为探究抑病土壤与感病土壤根际微生物群落特征及其微生物群落构建机制,分别采集抑病土和感病土中的番茄根际土壤,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测两种根际土壤中的病原菌含量,并利用16SrRNA基因扩增子高通量测序技术分析抑病和感病土中番茄根际土壤微生物群落多样性、组成、结构以及基于零模型的微生物群落构建机制的差异。结果表明,与感病土相比,抑病土壤中番茄的青枯病病情指数明显降低（病情指数分别为47.5和22.5）,其根际中细菌群落具有更高的alpha多样性、更丰富的放线菌门、厚壁菌门以及芽孢杆菌科和链霉菌科等有益微生物,较低的青枯病菌丰度（病原菌丰度降低了12.22倍）并伴随着较高的随机性过程,因此抑病土壤受病害胁迫的适应性较强。将感病土壤与抑病土壤按照一定比例进行混合,形成了仅有感病土D10H0、感病土与抑病土质量比为1︰1的D5H5以及仅有抑病土D0H10这三种处理以进一步检测抑病土壤抑病特性的可传递性。结果表明,随着抑病土比例的增加,番茄青枯病病情指数逐步降低,D10H0、D5H5和D0H10的病情指数分别为41.67、29.17与...  相似文献   

Heat stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in pigs     

Bing Xia  Weida Wu  Wei Fang  Xiaobin Wen  Jingjing Xie  Hongfu Zhang 《动物营养（英文）》2022,8(1):289

Heat stress(HS)can be detrimental to the gut health of swine.Many negative outcomes induced by HS are increasingly recognized as including modulation of intestinal microbiota.In turn,the intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem playing a critical role in mediating the host stress response.Therefore,we aimed to characterize gut microbiota of pigs’exposure to short-term HS,to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and HS-related changes,including serum cytokines,oxidation status,and intestinal epithelial barrier function.Our findings showed that HS led to intestinal morphological and integrity changes(villus height,serum diamine oxidase[DAO],serum D-lactate and the relative expressions of tight junction proteins),reduction of serum cytokines(interleukin[IL]-8,IL-12,interferongamma[IFN-g]),and antioxidant activity(higher glutathione[GSH]and malondialdehyde[MDA]content,and lower superoxide dismutase[SOD]).Also,16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that although there was no difference in microbial a-diversity,some HS-associated composition differences were revealed in the ileum and cecum,which partly led to an imbalance in the production of short-chain fatty acids including propionate acid and valerate acid.Relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in bacterial genera and microbial metabolites,such as Chlamydia,Lactobacillus,Succinivibrio,Bifidobacterium,Lachnoclostridium,and propionic acid,were correlated with oxidative stress,intestinal barrier dysfunction,and inflammation in pigs.Collectively,our observations suggest that intestinal damage induced by HS is probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis,though the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.  相似文献   

保水剂在香蕉枯萎病药剂防治上的运用效果     

王忠全  方健葵  陈崎林  吴应超  刘常坤 《江西农业大学学报》2007,29(6):933-936

香蕉枯萎病化学防治的理论和应用研究,是香蕉枯萎病综合防治体系的重要内容之一。试验研究中,采用在香蕉枯萎病杀菌剂掺入农用保水剂,并用于接种了FOC4的香蕉盆栽中,进行保水剂对杀菌剂的药效保持情况的试验研究,通过盆栽试验和田间药效试验得到使用保水剂和不使用保水剂的杀菌剂在香蕉枯萎病防治效果上具有显著的差异。结果表明保水剂能够较好的保持住杀菌剂药效,延长有效期,从而为香蕉枯萎病的防治工作提供了另一有效的防治措施。  相似文献   

Use of Dried Fermented Biomass as a Fish Meal Replacement in Practical Diets of Florida Pompano,Trachinotus carolinus     

Melanie A. Rhodes  Yangen Zhou  D. Allen Davis 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):29-39

Substitution of fish meal (FM) as a protein source in aquaculture diets is required to reduce cost and promote a sustainable industry. Potential protein sources include a range of traditional products from agricultural production such as plant or animal proteins. However, there are also a number of manufacturing coproducts, including bacterial dried fermented biomass (DFB,) for which there is an increased interest. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate DFB as a replacement for FM in practical diets for Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four diets were prepared in which different levels of FM (15%, 10%, 5%, and 0% of the diet) were replaced with DFB (0%, 4.27%, 8.54%, and 12.82%) on an iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic basis, to contain 40% crude protein and 10% lipid. A 10-week growth trial was conducted in a recirculating system consisting of 12 indoor 1.0 m³ tanks, stocked with 20 juvenile pompano (mean initial weight 8.1 g) per tank. There were no significant differences in final weight (64.5 g?79.5 g), survival (81.7%–96.7%), percent weight gain (711.6%–879.0%), FCR (2.1–2.0), or thermal-unit growth coefficient (0.1013?0.1149), regardless of the levels of dietary FM or DFB tested. Based on these results, it is recommended that DFB can be included up to 12.8% in practical diets for Florida pompano without significantly reducing growth performance. The response to higher levels of DFB inclusion should be evaluated.  相似文献