水稻品种抗褐飞虱不同生物型与其主要农艺性状的关系研究     

韦素美  黄凤宽  黄所生  罗善昱  李青 《植物保护》2004,30(6):30-33

对水稻品种抗褐飞虱不同生物型与其主要农艺性状的关系研究结果表明,水稻品种抗褐飞生物型Ⅱ与分蘖力相关显著,与始穗期、抽穗期、齐穗期、生育期、株高、有效穗、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重相关不显著。水稻品种抗褐飞虱孟加拉型与始穗期、抽穗期、齐穗期、有效穗相关显著;与生育期相关极显著;与分蘖力、株高、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重相关不显著。  相似文献   

稻瘟菌激发子CSB I专化性及相关性质研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

李云锋  王振中  贾显禄 《植物病理学报》2004,34(3):237-243

 以一套水稻抗稻瘟病近等基因系为材料,接种稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe grisea)细胞壁来源的糖蛋白激发子CSB I,其诱导植保素的积累在高度非亲和性互作水稻远高于亲和性互作水稻;研究同时表明,CSB I可专化性诱导完全非亲和性互作和高度非亲和性互作水稻的过敏性坏死反应;表明该激发子具有小种-品种专化性。经热、胰蛋白酶和过碘酸钠处理后的生物活性检测结果表明,CSB I的活性位点为糖基部分。经pH稳定性检测,CSB I在酸性及相对弱碱性条件下较稳定;而在强碱性条件下,激发子活性下降较多,甚至完全丧失。对CSB I诱导活性的有效浓度测定表明,激发子诱导水稻叶片酶活性升高的最低有效浓度为0.07~0.70 nmol/L。  相似文献   

稻曲病侵染时期和流行因素研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

沈卫新 《中国植保导刊》2004,24(10):9-11

分期接种试验的结果表明,稻曲病对水稻的侵染时期,主要在孕穗末期至破口期,病菌侵入籽粒在水稻开花前。3a的系统调查和对比分析结果说明,水稻穗期最高气温>32℃的天数少,降雨量大,有利病菌的侵入和发展流行,品种间抗(耐)病性差异显著。近年来稻曲病发生严重的主要原因是单季晚稻的大面积种植,穗期气候条件适宜病害发生流行。  相似文献   

旱作条件下转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因水稻籽粒灌浆特性的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

孙耀中  东方阳  刘永军  郭学民  杨晓玲  寇亚丽 《干旱地区农业研究》2004,22(2):41-46

在旱作条件下,对转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因水稻的3个品系(52-7、51-15、51-22)、受体亲本中花8号(ck1)和当地推广的以色列陆稻白珍珠(ck2)的籽粒灌浆特性进行了比较分析。结果表明:5个品种(系)的强、弱势粒灌浆过程均符合Richards模型,强、弱势粒灌浆为异步灌浆型。三个转BADH基因品系与其受体亲本相比,强、弱势粒的灌浆速率提高,活跃灌浆期延长,灌浆高峰期的籽粒重增加;籽粒灌浆中、后期,强势粒的灌浆天数缩短,强、弱势粒的平均灌浆速率提高,且不同粒位籽粒灌浆速率差异减小,最终使不同粒位籽粒大小的差异缩小和粒重增加。最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率和灌浆高峰期的粒重与千粒重存在显著正相关。  相似文献   

干椒新品种蓉椒6号的选育     

刘云福  刘再兰  唐有万 《辣椒杂志》2004,2(2):15-16

自交系9804和9909杂交配制成杂交一代干椒，植株生长旺盛，座果力强，较抗病毒病和疫病，果实指形，纵长17～19cm，横径1．2cm，青熟果绿色，老熟果鲜红色，单果重8．3g，味辣，品质佳，中熟品种，从定植到采收55d(天)，一般每667m^2产1500～1900kg。  相似文献   

我国近年来水稻重大病虫害可持续控制技术重要研究进展——非化学控害技术研究   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

何忠全  毛建辉  张志涛  禹盛苗  范永坚  俞晓平  黄炳超  陈其志 《植物保护》2004,30(2):23-27

针对水稻病虫害防治中长期存在控害保产与生产无公害稻米矛盾比较突出的问题,研究提出了几种效果显著的非化学控害增产技术。其中,利用水稻遗传背景、对病虫抗感水平等差异显著的水稻品种多样性种植,控制稻瘟病的效果达42.12％～76.68％,抑制白背飞虱若虫数量增长效果明显,增产糯稻或优质稻600～1050 kg／hm²,平均增收约1 500元／hm²;稻鱼共育控制稻飞虱的效果为63.77％～86.89％,对纹枯病病株抑制率70.52％,控制稻田杂草效果为89.57％,平收获鲜鱼319.5～1 177.5 kg／hm²,水稻产量比对照区增产7.05％～10.11％;稻鸭共育控制稻飞虱效果63.73％～77.18％,控制稻螟效果30.11％,控制纹枯病效果19.33％～67.03％,对稻田杂草控制效果91.96％,减少施肥30.6％、农药59.3％,减少投入1 987.05元／hm²。  相似文献   

20世纪80年代以来世界除草剂新品种开发进展及特点(一)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李海屏 《农药科学与管理》2004,25(4):28-31

综述了近20年来世界除草剂新品种的开发进展，并介绍了除草剂工业发展的一些新特点。  相似文献   

检疫害虫稻水象甲的控制技术研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黄澍  胡美英官珊 《昆虫天敌》2004,26(2):86-91

稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus。oryzophilus Kuschel)是一种毁灭性的水稻害虫，也是一种重要的检疫害虫。近年来在很多省市发生为害，且发生程度不断加重并呈扩大蔓延趋势。本文概述了近年来稻水象甲大发生危害的情况及原因，深入分析了其发生规律，提出了加强植物检疫、农业防治、化学防治、生物防治、物理防治等综合治理的措施。  相似文献   

Germination ecology of Leptochloa chinensis: a new weed in the Italian rice agro-environment     

S Benvenuti  G Dinelli†  & A Bonetti† 《Weed Research》2004,44(2):87-96

Leptochloa chinensis is a new weed that has been found with increasing frequency in Italian rice paddies. The germination ecology of L. chinensis seeds was studied in order to investigate the development mechanisms and survival strategy of this weed in rice paddies of northern Italy. Leptochloa chinensis seeds showed no dormancy and exhibited germination even in anoxic conditions. Germination was strongly influenced by temperature (minimum around 15°C; optimal 25–35°C) and light (phytochrome dependent). Temperature fluctuation caused an increase of seed germination in the dark. Seed burial also strongly inhibited germination and emergence of this species. At 5 cm seed burial only 5% of seedlings emerged in flooded conditions, while at the same depth, but with no flooding, no seedling emergence was observed. This phenomenon was not due to oxygen depletion, as germination was not inhibited by complete anoxia, as demonstrated by the fact that some seedlings did emerge in flooding conditions when water was no deeper than 6 cm. Seed burial and concomitant flooding induced an unusual germination: first coleoptile emergence and subsequently emergence of the radicle was observed. The possible exploitation of this knowledge for weed management is discussed.  相似文献   

Comparison of kinetic properties of a hydrophilic form of acetylcholinesterase purified from strains susceptible and resistant to carbamate and organophosphorus insecticides of green rice leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler)     

Yohei Kato 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2004,79(2):64-73

A hydrophilic form of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was purified from N-methyl carbamate susceptible (SA) and highly N-methyl carbamate-resistant (N3D) strains of the green rice leafhopper (GRLH), Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler. Both of purified AChE from SA and N3D strains displayed the highest activities toward acetylthiocholine (ATCh) at pH 8.5. In the SA strain, the optimum concentrations for ATCh, propionylthiocholine (PTCh), and butyrylthiocholine (BTCh) were about 1 × 10⁻³, 2.5 × 10⁻³, and 1 × 10⁻³ M, respectively. However, in the N3D strain, substrate inhibition was not identified for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh to 1 × 10⁻² M. The K_m value in the SA strain was 51.1, 39.1, and 41.6 μM and that in the N3D strain was 91.8, 88.1, and 85.2 μM for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh, respectively. The K_m value in the N3D strain indicated about 1.80-, 2.25-, and 2.05-fold lower affinity than that of the SA strain for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh, respectively. The V_max value in the SA strain was 70.2, 30.5, and 4.6 U/mg protein and that in the N3D strain was 123.0, 27.0, and 14.5 U/mg protein for ATCh, PTCh, and BTCh, respectively. The V_max value in the N3D strain was 1.75- and 3.15-fold higher for ATCh and BTCh than that in the N3D strain. However, it was 1.13-fold lower for PTCh. The increased activity of AChE in the N3D strain is due to the qualitatively modified enzyme with a higher catalytic efficiency. The bimolecular rate constant (k_i) for propoxur was 27.1 × 10⁴ and 0.51 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ min⁻¹ in the SA and N3D strain and that for monocrotophos was 0.031 × 10⁴ and 2.0 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ min⁻¹ in the SA and N3D strain. AChE from the N3D strain was 53-fold less sensitive than SA strain to inhibition by propoxur. In contrast, AChE from the N3D strain was 65-fold more sensitive to inhibition by monocrotophos than AChE from the SA strain. This indicated negatively correlated cross-insensitivity of AChE to propoxur and monocrotophos.  相似文献