Distribution of light and heavy fractions of soil organic carbon as related to land use and tillage practice   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Z. Tan  R. Lal  L. Owens  R.C. Izaurralde 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,92(1-2):53-59

Mass distributions of different soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions are influenced by land use and management. Concentrations of C and N in light- and heavy fractions of bulk soils and aggregates in 0–20 cm were determined to evaluate the role of aggregation in SOC sequestration under conventional tillage (CT), no-till (NT), and forest treatments. Light- and heavy fractions of SOC were separated using 1.85 g mL⁻¹ sodium polytungstate solution. Soils under forest and NT preserved, respectively, 167% and 94% more light fraction than those under CT. The mass of light fraction decreased with an increase in soil depth, but significantly increased with an increase in aggregate size. C concentrations of light fraction in all aggregate classes were significantly higher under NT and forest than under CT. C concentrations in heavy fraction averaged 20, 10, and 8 g kg⁻¹ under forest, NT, and CT, respectively. Of the total SOC pool, heavy fraction C accounted for 76% in CT soils and 63% in forest and NT soils. These data suggest that there is a greater protection of SOC by aggregates in the light fraction of minimally disturbed soils than that of disturbed soil, and the SOC loss following conversion from forest to agriculture is attributed to reduction in C concentrations in both heavy and light fractions. In contrast, the SOC gain upon conversion from CT to NT is primarily attributed to an increase in C concentration in the light fraction.  相似文献   

Recovering decomposing plant residues from the particulate soil organic matter fraction: size versus density separation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J. Magid  Charlotte Kjærgaard 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2001,33(3):252-257

 A detailed size separation of particulate organic matter (POM) from soils amended with straw from Hordeum vulgare or Vicia sativa revealed that the loss of C during the first 56 days of incubation mainly occurred from particles >2,000 μm, without a concomitant reduction in the size of these large particles. Preliminary studies of POM from non-amended soil had shown that the stable heavy (>1.4 g cm^–3) POM fraction was mainly (>80%) composed of particles <400 μm, whereas the light fraction was dominated by larger particles (>80%). Therefore we decided to compare the POM <1.4 g cm³ with POM >400 μm. There was a very close relationship between POM>400 μm and POM <1.4 g cm^–3 with regard to amounts of C and N, as well as the appearance of these fractions under the microscope. Similarly there was a close relationship between changes in the C content of the POM fractions and the CO₂ respired, and this was also the case when comparing changes in POM-N with net N mineralization. This indicated that the biological activity during decomposition was actually localized in the POM. Due to the lighter workload and lower expenditure for reagents in connection with size separation of POM, we recommend the size separation procedure in connection with studies of residue decomposition in arable systems. Received: 23 May 2000  相似文献   

Using process-based modelling to analyse earthworm life cycles     

T. Jager  S.A. Reinecke 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(1):1-6

To understand the life cycle of an organism, it is important to understand the physiological processes that govern growth and reproduction. In this paper, we re-analyse a life-cycle data set for the earthworm Eisenia veneta, using a process-based model. The data set comprises measurements of body size and cocoon production over 200 days, at two temperatures (15-25 °C) and two densities (five and 10 worms per container, but with the same worm:soil weight ratio). The model consists of a set of simple equations, derived from Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory. The dynamics of growth and reproduction are simultaneously described by the model, using very few parameters (five parameters for four curves). This supports the use of this model for efficient analysis of earthworm life-cycle data, and to interpret the effects of stressors. However, there was considerable inter-individual variation in the response, hampering the interpretation of the temperature and density effects. A temperature increase corresponded to an increase in the rate constants for growth and reproduction (with the same factor), without affecting the other parameters, as expected from DEB theory. Changing the earthworm density hardly affected the growth curves, but had an unexpected effect on reproduction: at higher densities, the worms start to produce cocoons at a larger body size and the maximum reproduction rate was lower. This study confirms the use of DEB as a reference model for earthworms, and using this model, we can recognise that temperature has a predictable effect on the life cycle of E. veneta. Furthermore, this analysis reveals that the effects of density are less clear and may involve a change in energy allocation that requires further study.  相似文献   

优质黑皮大豆庐州黑的高产栽培技术研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李吉树  梁华金  吕孝林 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(26):8153-8154

[目的]为了解决在生产中黑皮大豆庐州黑农艺措施不当、单产不稳的问题,发挥该品种的增产潜力。[方法]采用正交试验设计L(934)研究播期、密度、施氮量对优质黑皮大豆庐州黑产量的影响。[结果]播种期为5月31日,密度为10.5万株/hm2,施纯氮为69.0kg/hm2处理的产量居第一位,达4183.5kg/hm2。[结论]庐州黑为迟熟大豆品种,对温、光条件较为敏感,在巢湖市种植的适宜播期为5月下旬、密度为10.5万株/hm2,中等肥力地块施纯氮37.5～52.5kg/hm2;低肥力地块施纯氮52.5～67.5kg/hm2;高肥力地块不施或少施氮素。  相似文献   

辽东栎木材解剖特征与物理-力学性质的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张述银 《安徽农业大学学报》1987,(2)

本文借助通径系数分析及主成分分析等统计方法,以五株产自山西中条山的辽东栎为试验材料,详细研究了木材解剖特征的内在关系以及解剖特征与物理—力学性质的关系。结果表明,“细胞特征”(纤维、导管尺寸及微纤丝角等)和“组织比量”(导管、纤维及薄壁组织比量)两个主因子基本反映并代表了木材的所有解剖特征,同时也是影响木材物理—力学性质的两个基本解剖因子。  相似文献   

饲料、温度及成蝇密度对家蝇产卵量的影响     

陈文龙  吴菊芳  仇书红  詹自强 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》1996,(1)

本文研究了饲料、温度、成蝇密度对家蝇产卵量的影响，结果表明：用含有奶粉的饲料饲养幼虫或成蝇，家蝇产卵量最大。最适产卵温度是２４℃，产卵温域是１２．５～３５．３℃。每对平均产卵量与成蝇对数成负相关。群体最适产卵密度是１９４９８对／ｍ３。  相似文献   

密度与施钾量对转基因抗虫棉产量的影响     

刘玲  周桃华  高智谋  张海鹏 《安徽农业科学》2006,34(1):65-66

在田间试验条件下,研究了密度与施钾量对转基因抗虫棉DPH37B产量的影响。结果表明:在一定范围内,随着密度和施钾量的增加,DPH37B皮棉产量呈上升趋势;但当密度超过37 500株/hm2、施钾量超过450 kg/hm2时,皮棉产量反而下降。试验还发现,适当的密度和施钾量能增加单株果枝数和果节数;密度和施钾量对纤维长度、衣分的影响较小,无明显规律,但对单铃重有影响。密度和施钾肥有互作现象,在密度30 000~37 500株/hm2和施钾量450 kg/hm2的水平下,DPH37B产量最高。  相似文献   

烤烟烟叶腺毛及其分泌物研究进展     

王伟  孔光辉  李佛琳  宗会  崔国民 《勤云标准版测试》2007,(2)

烟叶腺毛密度及其分泌物对烟叶香气有重要作用,因此腺毛密度及其分泌物在烟草研究中具有重要意义。综述了烟叶腺毛类型、腺毛分泌物的主要化学成分和烟叶腺毛密度和分泌物的影响因素,以及腺毛分泌物的主要化学成分与烟叶香气的关系。展望了烟叶腺毛及其分泌物的研究方向和途径,提出烟叶腺毛及其分泌物研究的意义和目的。以期为烤烟烟叶腺毛密度及其分泌物的进一步研究提供参考。  相似文献   

密度和施肥对小麦新品种绵麦42产量的影响     

周强  李生荣  欧俊梅  杜小英  庞启华  陶军  范其新 《安徽农学通报》2006,12(9):113-114,111

采用四元二次回归正交旋转组合设计,研究了密度、氮肥、磷肥及钾肥对小麦新品种绵麦42的产量效应。结果表明:氮肥是影响产量的最主要因素,其次是磷肥与密度,它们对产量的影响达极显著水平;钾肥对产量影响较小,未达到显著水平。绵麦42获得高产(产量大于7500 kg/hm2)的具体栽培技术措施为:密度为226.35-250.65×104/hm2基本苗,纯氮量182.85-197.55 kg/hm2,P2O5用量119.4-130.8 kg/hm2,K2O用量79.65-113.85 kg/hm2。  相似文献   

不同部位成熟烟叶腺毛密度及其分泌物的研究     

孔光辉  宗会 《勤云标准版测试》2006,(12)

针对烟叶腺毛及其分泌物含量受烟株发育阶段的影响,采用广视野显微镜和GC/MS,分析研究了烤烟K326品种不同部位成熟叶片腺毛密度及其分泌物的变化情况。结果表明:不同部位成熟烟叶腺毛密度表现为下部<中部<上部;中部烟叶分泌物中的α-西柏三烯-4-醇、β-西柏三烯-4-醇、α-西柏三烯-4,6-二醇、β-西柏三烯-4,6-二醇的含量分别比下部烟叶增加了282%、240%、48%、80%,上部烟叶的上述四种分泌物的含量分别比下部烟叶增加了991%、687%、74%和129%。这说明对于同一烤烟品种,随部位的升高,烟叶腺毛密度增大,腺毛分泌物主要成分的含量也在增加。  相似文献