DROUGHT STRESS: Soil Water Availability Alters the Inter‐ and Intra‐Cultivar Competition of Three Spring Wheat Cultivars Bred in Different Eras     

L. Song  D.‐W. Zhang  F.‐M. Li  X.‐W. Fan  Q. Ma  N. C. Turner 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2010,196(5):323-335

Competition for water generates a classic aspect of the tragedy of the commons, the ‘race for fish’, where crops must allocate more resource to acquisition of the limiting resource than is optimal for crop yield allocation. A pot experiment using a simple additive (target–neighbour) design was conducted to examine the above‐ground and below‐ground growth of three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars when grown alone and in mixtures at three levels of water availability. The effects of competition and water availability were compared by observing patterns of growth, biomass allocation and below‐ground outcomes. Competitive interactions were investigated among cultivars ‘HST’, ‘GY602’ and ‘LC8275’, target plant of each cultivar grown without neighbouring plants are referred to herein as control plant and one target plant of each cultivar sown surrounded either by same or another cultivar as intra‐ or inter‐cultivar competition. Competitive ability was assessed as the response ratio (lnRR) between the target plant surrounded by six other plants and the target plant in isolation. Our results showed that the cultivar ‘HST’, released over a century ago, produced a higher biomass and grain yield than the more recently released cultivars ‘LC8275’ and ‘GY602’ when grown as isolated plants with sufficient water supply. However, competition for resources from neighbours led to target plant biomass and grain yield being significantly reduced relative to controls in all three cultivars, particularly in ‘HST’. When subjected to intra‐cultivar competition, the two recently released cultivars ‘LC8275’ and ‘GY602’ had higher grain yields and water use efficiency for grain than ‘HST’ in all three water regimes. The landrace ‘HST’ had better and significantly linear relationships between biomass and biomass allocation, root length and specific root length, whereas the recent and modern cultivars had much more water‐related species‐specific changes in root morphology and allocation patterns. These results suggest that crop traits that influence competitive ability, such as biomass allocation to roots and root plasticity in response to drought have changed in modern wheat cultivars because of breeding and selection.  相似文献   

Selection of Submergence Tolerant Homozygous Line by STS Marker and Twice Submergence Stress   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LI Jin-jiang  XIAO You-lun  XIAO Guo-ying 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2012,(12):1940-1947

  相似文献   

Soil microarthropods are only weakly impacted after 13 years of repeated drought treatment in wet and dry heathland soils     

《Soil biology & biochemistry》2013

Studies of biological responses in the terrestrial environment to rapid changes in climate have mostly been concerned with aboveground biota, whereas less is known of belowground organisms. The present study focuses on mites and springtails of heathland ecosystems and how the microarthropod community has responded to simulated climate change in a long-term field experiment. Increased temperature and repeated drought was applied for 13 years to field plots located in Wales, The Netherlands and Denmark representing sites of contrasting climatic conditions with respect to precipitation and temperature. This approach provided an opportunity to study biological responses on a local (within sites) and regional scale. Warming treatments increasing night time temperature (0.3–1 °C higher than ambient at 5 cm soil depth) had no detectable effects on the microarthropod communities. Increased intensity and frequency of drought had only weak persistent effects on springtail species composition, but practically no effect on major mite groups (Oribatida, Prostigmata or Mesostigmata) suggesting that ecosystem functions of microarthropods may only be transiently impacted by repeated spring or summer drought.  相似文献   

新牧一号苜蓿MvP5CS基因的克隆和功能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张桦  张富春  曾光  张博  陈全家 《草业科学》2012,29(1):51-58

为研究苜蓿（Medicago sativa）耐盐分子机制，为抗逆分子育种提供依据，通过同源克隆和RT PCR技术克隆了新牧一号杂花苜蓿（M.varia Xinmu 1）的MvP5CS基因， MvP5CS全长2 148 bp，Genbank登录号为：EU371644。荧光定量PCR分析发现，在盐胁迫下MvP5CS基因表达明显上调，说明 MvP5CS与苜蓿的耐盐性相关。利用农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法，将MvP5CS基因成功转入烟草（Nicotiana tabacum），盐胁迫下转MvP5CS基因T1代烟草萌发率和根长均高于非转基因烟草。表明新牧一号苜蓿P5CS基因能够提高转基因烟草的耐盐性。  相似文献   

大豆高赖氨酸基因PM8在烟草中的超量表达及其抗非生物胁迫功能研究     

胡敏  李培青  李杰 《东北农业大学学报》2010,41(6)

应用生物信息学方法在GenBank数据库查找到1条编码大豆LEA3蛋白的高赖氨酸蛋白基因PM8(登录号:Z22872),并利用RT-PCR方法从大豆干种子中克隆得到该基因,序列分析表明,PM8基因与GenBank上的序列存在5个碱基的差异,使编码蛋白的赖氨酸重量比由原来的19.65%增加为19.93%。构建了PM8基因的植物表达载体pEMT-PM8,用农杆菌介导法转化烟草。从转PM8基因的PCR阳性植株中选取5个既抗盐又抗旱的株系进行Real-timePCR检测。结果表明,PM8基因全部超量表达。研究为培育高营养品质且抗逆的转基因作物研究提供了一条新的途径,具有重要的研究价值。  相似文献   

盐藻DNA对水稻幼苗在低盐中生长的影响     

郭金耀  杨晓玲 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(33):18691-18692

[目的]分析盐藻DNA对水稻幼苗在低盐中生长的影响。[方法]将刚萌发的水稻幼苗根系浸入5 mg/L盐藻DNA溶液中培养2d,以蒸馏水培养为对照,处理后的水稻幼苗栽于含有氯化钠3 g/L的MS培养液中培养,分析盐藻DNA对水稻幼苗在低盐中生长的影响。[结果]水稻幼苗用5 mg/L盐藻DNA处理后,在含氯化钠3 g/L的MS培养液中培养15 d,其平均株重为150.7 mg,比对照增加了10.3%;平均株高为15.28 cm,比对照增加了6.1%;平均存活率为45.0%,比对照增加了125.0%;平均根数为7.15条,比对照减少了2.8%;平均根长为3.83 cm,比对照缩短了8.4%。说明盐藻DNA提高了水稻幼苗的耐盐适应性。[结论]盐藻DNA可提高水稻的耐盐适应性。  相似文献   

Effects of Brown Planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens (Stl) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Feeding on Callose Deposition in Rice with Different Tolerance     

YANG Li  CHEN Jian ming  ZHANG Hai qiang  ZHANG Jue feng  HE Yue ping 《中国水稻科学》2013,27(6):624

  相似文献   

Regulatory Network of Transcription Factors in Response to Drought in Arabidopsis and Crops     

Chen Li-miao  Li Wen-bin  Zhou Xin-an 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2012,19(3):1-13

Drought is one of the most important environmental constraints limiting plant growth, development and crop yield. Many drought-inducible genes have been identified by molecular and genomic analyses in ...  相似文献   

Reactions on Nicotiana species to potato viruses A,X and Y and tobacco mosaic virus in relation to their taxonomy and geographical origin     

P. Van Dijk  C. Cuperus 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(6):343-356

When testing the response of species of the genusNicotiana to 14 isolates of potato viruses A (PVA), X (PVX) and Y (PVY) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), sections and section parts of the genus could be divided into five groups according to the overall reaction of their species. Species from arid regions of australia and belonging to the sectionSuaveolentes (subgenusPetunioides) were most sensitive and least resistant, whereas the sectionsPaniculatae (subgenusRustica),Tomentosae (Tabacum) andNoctiflorae (Petunioides) appeared least sensitive and most resistant. Sixty-one percent of the accessions of the latter sections proved resistant to at least two of the viruses. The most resistant species have their main geographical distribution in the central Andes (southern Peru, Bolivia and north-western Argentina), where the viruses may have originated. One other resistant species wasN. africana (Suaveolentes) indigenous to south-western Africa. The most sensitive American sections, viz.Genuinae (Tabacum) andTrigonophyllae, Alatae, Acuminatae andBigelovianae (Petunioides), were generally more sensitive than species of theSuaveolentes section from outside the arid regions of Australia. The remaining part of the genus, viz. the American sectionsThyrsiflorae andRusticae (Rustica) andUndulatae, Repandea andNudicaules (Petunioides) was intermediate between the latter group ofSuaveolentes species and the resistant group of sections with regard to sensitivity and resistance, but had a high rate of tolerance to PVA, PVX and PVY and of hypersensitivity-associated resistance to TMV. The results indicate that the viral respons in the genusNicotiana is mainly determined geographically and to a lesser extent taxonomically.Samenvatting Na inoculatie van een grote collectieNicotiana-soorten met 14 isolaten van de aardappelvirussen A (PVA), X (PVX) en Y (PVY) en tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV), konden de secties of sectiedelen van het genus op basis van de gemiddelde reactie van hun soorten in vijf groepen worden verdeeld. Soorten uit Australische woestijngebieden en taxonomisch behorend tot de sectieSuaveolentes (subgenusPetunioides) bleken het meest gevoelig en het minst resistent, terwijl de sectiesPaniculatae (subgenusRustica),Tomentosae (Tabacum) enNoctiflorae (Petunioides) het minst gevoelig en het meest resistent waren. Van de collectienummers van de laatstgenoemde secties bleek 61% resistentie tegen minstens twee van de virussen te bezitten. De meest resistente soorten hebben hun verspreidingsgebied vooral in het centrale deel van het Andesgebergte (het zuidelijk deel van Peru, Bolivia en noord-westelijk Argentinië). Mogelijk is dit het ontstaansgebied van deze virussen. De einge andere resistente soort wasN. africana (Suaveolentes) uit zuid-westelijk Afrika. De meest gevoelige Amerikaanse secties, te wetenGenuinae (Tabacum) enTrigonophyllae, Alatae, Acuminatae enBigelovianae (Petunioides), waren gemiddeld gevoeliger danSuaveolentes-soorten die niet uit de Australische woestijnen afkomstig zijn. Het resterende deel van het genus, bestaande uit de Amerikaanse sectiesThyrsiflorae enRusticae (Rustica) enUndulatae, Repandae enNudicaules (Petunioides), stond met betrekking tot gevoeligheid en resistentie tussen laatstgenoemd deel van de sectieSuaveolentes en de groep resistente secties in, maar vertoonde in hoge mate tolerantie voor PVA, PVX en PVY en met overgevoeligheid samengaande resistentie voor TMV. Uit de resultaten blijkt dat de reacties van het genusNicotiana op virussen vooral geografisch bepaald zijn en in mindere mate taxonomisch.  相似文献   

几种旱生植物碳水化合物和蛋白质变化的研究   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

魏良民 《干旱区研究》1991,8(4):38-41

干旱对植物的形态,解剖结构以及物质代谢都有很大影响。在同样的干旱胁迫下,抗旱能力不同的植物的物质代谢受到的影响是不同的。研究干旱对植物物质代谢的影响,对认识植物的抗旱机制,以及比较不同植物抗旱能力的强弱,选育抗旱性强的植物固沙造林都有意义。植物最基本的有机物质代谢是碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢。本文对几种旱生植物在干旱条件下体内淀粉,可溶性糖和蛋白质的变化进行了测定和研究。  相似文献