A test of the individual feeding activity and food size preference in rainbow trout using demand feeders     

Anders Alanärä  Eva Brännäs 《Aquaculture International》1993,1(1):47-54

Feeding activity and food size preferences were investigated in three groups of rainbow trout with initial weights ranging from 200 to 1000 g. Fish were given the option of releasing food from either of two demand feeding devices that contained either 6 mm or 9 mm food pellets. Individual biting activity (to activate release of food) was continuously monitored using specially designed passive integrated transponders (PIT-tags). In each of the groups, biting activity was strongly influenced by three individuals, which accounted for 70–85% of the total. Thus, high bite activity by few individuals indicates the development of social dominance hierarchies. There was no statistically significant correlation between number of bites and growth rate, indicating that the fish that operated the demand feeders did not gain any growth advantage. Trout that dominated the actuation of the feeders were found among both medium- and large-sized fish. There was no evidence of active food size selection, and the fish that most frequently operated the feeders defended one area of the tank rather than preferring the trigger that would have delivered food of the optimal size.  相似文献   

Expression of recombinant triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis) pre-IGF-I in Escherichia coli     

Tong Fudan  Wang Qun  Zhang Haihua 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2006,32(2):141-145

The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) cDNA (GenBank Accession No. AY247412) of triangular bream (Megalobrama terminalis) was expressed for the first time in Escherichia coli. To construct the expression plasmid, the IGF-I cDNA was subcloned into prokaryotic-expressing vector pGEX-4T-1. The E.coli JM109 was transformed with the recombinant plasmid pGEX-4T-1-IGF-I, and the transgene expression was observed after being induced with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). The results of SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting indicated that the recombinant fusion protein had immune activity and the molecular weight was about 47 kDa. The results of SDS-PAGE and thin layer scanning showed that the yield of fusion protein had been enlarged with prolonging time. When the time of induced expression was 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h, the expression amount was approximately 1.4, 4.3, 8.1, 11.3, 16.3 and 18.8% of total bacterial protein respectively.  相似文献   

Feeding ecology of fishes associated with Egeria spp. patches in a tropical reservoir, Brazil     

F. M. Pelicice  A. A. Agostinho 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(1):10-19

Abstract –  This research characterised feeding ecology of fishes associated with patches of Egeria najas and Egeria densa , two submerged macrophytes, in Rosana Reservoir, Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Fishes were sampled using a 1 m² throw trap in patches of different macrophyte biomass and in three diel periods during a wet season. Fish diet (10 species) was primarily composed of autochthonous items (zooplankton, algae and aquatic insect larvae). Almost all intra-specific diet patterns had moderate to low levels of diet similarity, indicating a high variability in diet. Some species showed no diel patterns in feeding activity, whereas others were primarily diurnal or nocturnal. No differences in feeding activity were observed among habitats of medium and high macrophyte biomasses, and species tended to feed on the same items among these habitats. The most abundant fish species demonstrated low inter-specific diet overlap and appear not to compete for food resources. We suggest that Egeria patches are feeding grounds and shelter for small-sized fish species.  相似文献   

Assessing adult Trichoptera communities of small streams: a case study from Charnwood Forest,Leicestershire, UK     

M.T. Greenwood  M.A. Bickerton  G.E. Petts 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2001,11(2):93-107

1. Adult caddisflies were collected using non‐attracting Malaise traps at four sites on a small headwater stream from May to November 1990. Sites S1 and S2 were most natural and upstream of a reservoir; where S3 was located in the bypass channel, and S4, downstream. 2. The flight period for each species is recorded to provide baseline data. Flight activity patterns fall into two groupings: (a) species with a flight activity of 3–4 months, and (b) those species with a short flight period of up to 6 weeks. 3. Sixty‐one species from 15 families were collected, including the endangered Red Data Book species Tinodes pallidulus McLachlan. 4. Significant differences in community parameters are shown among all sites, many species apparently having local catchment areas. The influence of artificial habitats, the open bypass channel and adjacent reservoir, is clearly demonstrated. 5. The data illustrate the potential of using adult caddisflies in conservation assessment of small streams. Working with adults is taxonomically rigorous and they are useful bioindicators of the environmental quality of the valley floor corridor. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of exotoxins produced by atypical isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida,by enzymatic and serological methods     

Gudmundsdóttir BK  Hvanndal I  Björnsdóttir B  Wagner U 《Journal of fish diseases》2003,26(1):15-29

In this study, exotoxins produced by 62 Aeromonas salmonicida strains and the bacterium Haemophilus piscium were analysed. Enzymatic assays, zymograms and serological detection were used to monitor secretion by bacterial strains of the previously described exotoxins P1, GCAT and AsaP1 and also the extracellular P2 metallo-gelatinase and a serine caseinase, which is different from the P1 protease and has not yet been characterized. Based on the results, the strains were divided into five groups. One comprised the type strains for A. salmonicida ssp. masoucida, H. piscium and 36% of the atypical isolates, and another, a type strain for A. salmonicida ssp. smithia together with 14% of the atypical isolates. A second type strain of A. salmonicida ssp. smithia was grouped with 8% of the atypical isolates. The largest group contained the type strains for A. salmonicida ssp. achromogenes and 38% of the atypical isolates. The type strains for A. salmonicida ssp. salmonicida were in the last group with all the four typical strains and 4% of the atypical isolates. The combination of zymogram and serological detection used is recommended as the most reliable method for characterizing A. salmonicida strains according to their exotoxin secretion.  相似文献   

Measuring cultured fish swimming behaviour: first results on rainbow trout using acoustic telemetry in tanks     

Marie-Laure Bgout Anras  Jean Paul Lagardre 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,240(1-4):175-186

An experiment was conducted to measure swimming activity of rainbow trout (254.0±33.7 g) held in outdoor tanks under three culture conditions with stocking density used to generate differences: 27 (Culture Density 1, CD1), 80 (CD2) and 136 kg m⁻³ (CD3). Fish were fed dry pellets at 1% of tank biomass from 9h00 to 13h00 with automatic feeders. Using acoustic telemetry, fish positions were monitored every 5 s during 48 h for nine fish (three in each treatment). Swimming behaviour was analysed in terms of trajectories: they varied between (i) holding position (high turning angles), (ii) chaotic trajectories (equal use of all turning angles) and (iii) circular swimming (average turning angle of 60°). Space utilisation differed for each culture condition: CD3 conditions induced a prolonged residence time in the central zone of the tank. Rainbow trout swimming activity patterns and levels differed depending on both day–night alternation and culture conditions. All fish reared at CD1 and one reared at CD2 were day-active. All the other fish showed high activity pattern variability and a higher swimming level was observed under CD3. These results illustrate that monitoring fish swimming activity is feasible even under high densities and provide relevant insights on fish activity which can lead to behavioural welfare indices in relation to constraints imposed by culture conditions.  相似文献   

日本鳗鲡脾脏抗菌肽抗菌活性检测方法的比较     

梁英  黄文树  关瑞章 《动物营养学报》2014,(11):3461-3468

本试验旨在建立一种在日本鳗鲡脾脏抗菌肽分离纯化过程中简便、灵敏的检测其抗菌活性的方法。试验以日本鳗鲡脾脏分子质量小于10 ku的蛋白质为抗菌肽样品,选择琼脂板孔穴扩散法和微孔液体培养法2种传统方法及微量液体培养法为检测方法,比较这3种方法在抗菌肽对3种鳗鲡常见致病菌株(迟钝爱德华菌、气单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌)抗菌活性检测中的灵敏度和优缺点。结果表明:与琼脂板孔穴扩散法及微孔液体培养法相比,微量液体培养法简便、易于观察结果,具有最高的灵敏度且样品用量最少,适合在鳗鲡脾脏抗菌肽分离纯化过程中跟踪检测抗菌活性,尤其适合分离纯化后期获得微量单一样品抗菌活性的检测。由此得出,微量液体培养法适用于检测日本鳗鲡脾脏抗菌肽的抗菌活性。  相似文献   

台湾南元花园休闲农场体验活动之检视与分析     

章国威  陈怡伶 《台湾农业探索》2014,(1):1-6

台湾南元花园休闲农场除拥有其自身之农场特色外,在经营管理上更有其独到的一面,该文以台湾南元花园休闲农场为个案研究对象,调查其农场基础资源与检视其现有之体验活动,并由调查结果中分析其现有之体验活动是否善用期农场基础资源与符合其农场经营方向,最后将研究结果提供给休闲农场业者在设计体验活动设计时之参考,以提高体验活动的经济价值。  相似文献   

不同产地高良姜的有效成分分析     

翟红莉  ;李倩  ;王辉  ;梁定键  ;曾艳波  ;蔡彩虹  ;梅文莉  ;戴好富 《热带生物学报》2014,(2):188-193

建立了高良姜中槲皮素、异鼠李素、高良姜素和山奈素的高效液相色谱分析方法,并对不同产地高良姜中的上述成分进行定量分析。结果表明,海南多地产的高良姜的槲皮素、异鼠李素、高良姜素和山奈素均高于广东徐闻地区,且高良姜素的含量达到了国家药典标准。  相似文献   

模拟酸雨与凋落物对柳杉幼苗根际土壤酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王俊龙  王丹  俞飞  沈卫东  邹翠翠  张汝民  侯平 《浙江农林大学学报》2014,31(3):373-379

为了探讨酸雨和凋落物对柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei林地土壤酶活性的影响,以柳杉幼苗根际土壤为材料,采用酸雨(pH 4.0),凋落物(500 g·m-2)和酸雨与凋落物复合等3种处理,测定了短时间(30 d)和长时间(90 d)处理后土壤氧化还原酶和水解酶活性的变化。结果表明:酸雨和凋落物处理对土壤氧化还原酶活性具有不同的影响,酸雨对土壤硝酸还原酶活性无显著影响,凋落物极显著地提高其酶活性,复合处理极显著地降低其酶活性(P<0.01);3种处理均显著提高了土壤多酚氧化酶活性(P<0.05);复合处理对土壤过氧化物酶活性无显著影响,短时间酸雨和凋落物处理均对其具有抑制作用,长时间处理具有促进作用(P<0.05);凋落物处理对土壤过氧化氢酶活性表现为抑制作用,复合处理对其具有极显著促进作用(P<0.01)。在水解酶中,短时间3种处理和长时间复合处理均对土壤脲酶活性具有极显著促进作用(P<0.01);酸雨、长时间凋落物和复合处理对土壤酸性磷酸酶活性具有显著地抑制作用(P<0.05);酸雨和凋落物处理以及长时间复合处理均使土壤蛋白酶活性降低(P<0.05);长时间酸雨处理对土壤蔗糖酶活性具有显著抑制作用,复合处理和短时间凋落物处理具有促进作用(P<0.05)。酸雨和凋落物复合处理柳杉幼苗根际土壤,显著改变了两者对土壤酶活性的影响,说明酸雨和林地凋落物长时间并存,能够缓解两者对除土壤蛋白酶外其他土壤酶活性的不利影响,有助于改善土壤条件。  相似文献