抗PVY马铃薯品种遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邸宏  刘昭军  陈伊里 《分子植物育种》2006,4(2):238-242

采用RAPD技术分析了国内外37种抗PVY马铃薯资源。提取马铃薯(Solanumtuberosum)新鲜叶片的总DNA,用17种RAPD引物进行随机多态性扩增,利用遗传多样性信息,进行亲源关系的分子鉴定。试验表明:平均每10个碱基引物扩增出6￣21条谱带,共获得164条特异性谱带,平均每个引物扩增获得9.8条多态性谱带,多态性比率平均为76.3%。RAPD分析表明37种抗PVY马铃薯资源之间的遗传距离介于0.06￣0.68之间,平均值为0.35,平均遗传距离介于0.27￣0.50之间,聚类分析将37种抗PVY材料划分为三个类,聚类结果同材料的血缘关系密切,并且表现出一定的地域特性。根据扩增的特异性谱带可进行抗PVY马铃薯资源的分子鉴定,为抗PVY育种亲本选配提供了依据。  相似文献   

农田土壤温度和水分空间变异研究   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

吕雄杰  陆文龙  宋治文  张昱 《灌溉排水学报》2006,25(6):79-81

以静海县良种场内面积为4400m2的冬小麦田作为试验区,采用规则格网采样,按照10m×10m设置格网,共设52个采样点,通过GPS手持机确定点的位置,利用土壤温湿度检测仪测定了各个采样点0~20、20~40cm二个不同深度土壤的含水量和温度,利用ARC/INFO的地统计分析模块绘制了试验区土壤温度和水分空间分布图,并分析了其垂直和水平方向的空间变异特征,可为确定冬灌的最佳灌溉时机和灌溉量提供科学依据。  相似文献   

果园土壤电导率适宜样本容量的影响因素研究     

刘继龙  张振华  谢恒星  李清翠  冯雪 《灌溉排水学报》2006,25(6):49-52

2005年4~7月期间利用W.E.T电导率测量仪,采用网格化取样方式对烟台农科院梨园的表层土壤(0~30cm)电导率的162个样点进行了3次取样,并对土壤电导率适宜样本容量的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,在所考虑的置信水平和精度范围内,相对于取样间距的变化,不同取样时间土壤电导率合理采样数的变化更加明显,取样间距不同引起的合理采样数的变化幅度介于1.28%~11.36%之间,取样时间不同时合理采样数的变化幅度介于33.33%~45.67%之间。因此在研究区域内,由人为因素(施肥等)引起的土壤电导率分布状况是影响其合理取样数目的主要因素。  相似文献   

胶东果园土壤电导率的时空分布特征及Kriging估值     

刘继龙  张振华  谢恒星  李清翠  冯雪 《干旱地区农业研究》2006,24(5):193-197

应用传统统计学和地统计学方法,分析了2005年4~11月期间烟台农科院苹果园土壤电导率的空间变异性,并进行了Moran’s I系数分析和Kriging估值。结果表明:土壤电导率具有明显的空间变异性,半方差函数和Moran’s I系数分析说明了4月30日、6月29日和11月16日的空间自相关范围较大,相关性较强;4月20日、7月14日和8月16日的变程偏小,空间相关性较弱。土壤电导率的均值和变异系数随时间变化总体上近似呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,在空间分布上不同时期果园表层土壤电导率分布格局差异较大,土壤电导率的破碎化比较严重。  相似文献   

农杆菌介导法将Bt基因转入大豆的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘尚前  王罡  季静  王萍 《大豆科学》2007,26(1):103-106

以6个品种大豆体细胞胚为受体,以Bt基因为目的基因,应用根癌农杆茵介导法对大豆进行了遗传转化,经体细胞胚萌发、生根及壮苗培养和卡那霉素选择培养,获得了完整的抗性再生苗,经PCR、PCR-Southern和点杂交分析鉴定,初步证明外源基因Bt已整合到大豆的基因组中。  相似文献   

日本大豆种质十胜长叶对我国大豆育成品种的遗传贡献分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭娟娟  常汝镇  章建新  张巨松  关荣霞  邱丽娟 《大豆科学》2007,26(6):807-812,819

日本大豆品种十胜长叶是引进种质在我国大豆育种中利用最多的品种之一.对2005年以前利用十胜长叶育成的195个大豆品种进行了系谱分析,旨在明确十胜长叶对各育成品种的遗传贡献率,总结其利用方式,为国外种质的利用提供依据.通过分析发现,利用十胜长叶衍生育成的品种分布在吉林、黑龙江、辽宁、北京4个省市,它所衍生的品种数分别为96个、89个、8个和2个;平均遗传贡献率分别为13.04%、14.99%、20.31%和7.81%.其中92.2%的品种是由杂交育成的.十胜长叶对这些品种的遗传贡献率范围为0.78%～50.00%,以遗传贡献率为12.50%、6.25%和25%的衍生品种数较多,占衍生品种总数的77.3%,说明十胜长叶的利用以至少三交效果比较好,通过复交有利于聚合国内外品种的优良特性.十胜长叶在我国大豆育种中的成功利用说明,通过与当地品种杂交选育创造优良中间材料是利用国外引进种质改良我国大豆品种的有效育种途径.  相似文献   

Variability in seedling emergence for European and North American populations of Abutilon theophrasti     

D Loddo  D Bozic  I M Calha  J Dorado  J Izquierdo  M &#x;&#x;epanovi&#x;  K Bari&#x;  S Carlesi  R Leskovsek  D Peterson  V P Vasileiadis  A Veres  S Vrbni anin  R Masin 《Weed Research》2019,59(1):15-27

Abutilon theophrasti is a weed that is spreading worldwide and that has had to adapt to different combinations of environmental conditions. Wide interpopulation variability has been reported regarding dormancy and germination. This variability, controlled by the interaction of genetic diversity and maternal effect, could hinder the adoption of Integrated Weed Management (IWM) tools. A collaborative project was conducted to compare emergence dynamics of 12 European and North American populations under diverse environmental conditions. The main aim was to assess interpopulation variability and explain this according to environmental conditions in the seed collection sites. Seeds were sown at six experimental sites, and seedling emergence was monitored. The AlertInf model was tested to evaluate its ability to predict emergence dynamics of the different populations. A wide interpopulation variability was observed for emergence percentage and dynamics with consistent trends across sites and related to different seed dormancy levels. Populations from Catalonia, Iowa and Minnesota reached higher emergence percentage with earlier and concentrated emergence flushes probably due to low dormancy level, while populations from Croatia, Serbia and Hungary, given their low average emergence percentage, presented high dormancy levels. Good predictive accuracy of AlertInf model was obtained at the different sites, confirming the possibility of adopting it across a wide range of environmental conditions. Achieving a better knowledge of interpopulation variability can allow specific control strategies to be designed, facilitating the replacement of solely herbicide‐based management with true IWM.  相似文献   

近30年渤海鱼类种群早期补充群体群聚特性和结构更替          下载免费PDF全文

卞晓东  万瑞景  金显仕  单秀娟  关丽莎 《渔业科学进展》2018,39(2):1-15

基于30余年渤海鱼卵、仔稚鱼历史调查资料的整理分析并结合产卵场补充调查,以1982~1983年周年逐月调查资料为本底,采用多元统计学方法分析30余年渤海鱼类种群早期补充群体群聚特性(物种多样性和关键种群)的季节变化和年代际变化,并掌握结构更替过程中优势种和重要种协同消长规律。分析结果显示,渤海各调查季节(冬季除外)鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类数以及资源丰度指数呈先降后升变动趋势。当前鱼卵种类数仅为20世纪80年代1/2左右,资源丰度不足20世纪80年代的1/10;仔稚鱼种类数和资源丰度仅为20世纪80年代的3/4左右,但冬季仔稚鱼种类数和资源丰度指数呈现上升趋势。各调查时期相同季节鱼卵优势种变化不明显,但仔稚鱼优势种变化幅度超过鱼卵,底层重要经济种类早期补充群体优势度急剧下降;鱼卵和仔稚鱼物种多样性水平在升温季节较高而在降温季节较低,调查期内各季主要呈现先降后升变动趋势。鱼类早期补充群体种类更替现象明显,近年来种类更替率呈现明显加快趋势。各调查时期相同季节各适温类型产卵亲体种数均呈现先降后升变动趋势,但各适温类型种数所占比例和全年综合各适温类型种数所占比例基本稳定。各调查时期相同季节各主要栖所类型产卵亲体种类数也均呈现先降后升变动趋势,全年综合陆架浅水中上层鱼类种数所占比例升高,中底层和底层鱼类所占比例有所下降。近30年在多重外来干扰作用下,渤海鱼类早期补充过程各个关键环节已随其栖息地(产卵场)生境要素发生不可逆变化或变迁。渤海鱼类种群早期补充群体群聚特性和结构更替是环境-捕捞胁迫下鱼类群落内多重生态位的交替失调和渔业资源结构性衰退的具体表现。  相似文献   

不同气候模态下西北太平洋柔鱼渔场环境特征分析   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

余为  陈新军  易倩 《水产学报》2017,41(4):525-534

柔鱼冬春生群体广泛分布于西北太平洋,其种群分布与大小受气候变化和环境因子调控。本实验根据中国鱿钓组提供的1995—2011年渔业捕捞数据和海洋环境数据包括海表温度(SSTA)、海表面高度(SSHA)和混合层深度(MLDA)的距平值,分析不同气候模态下(PDO暖期和PDO冷期)柔鱼渔场环境的变化。结果显示,PDO暖期时,柔鱼CPUE高;PDO冷期时,CPUE变低。柔鱼渔场SSTA、SSHA和MLDA年间变化显著,各环境变量的时间变化与PDO冷暖相位对应。SSTA和SSHA与PDO指数负相关,滞后时间分别为–9~10月和–20~17月,且均在0月时相关系数最大;而MLDA与PDO指数呈正相关,滞后时间为–6~5月,在–1月相关系数最大。利用经验正交函数分析了SSTA、SSHA和MLDA时空变化的主要模态,前5个模态特征向量分别反映了西北太平洋柔鱼渔场SSTA、SSHA和MLDA分布场78.73%、32.82%和64.57%的信息。研究表明,气候模态变化驱动柔鱼渔场环境的变化,进而对西北太平洋柔鱼资源丰度产生显著影响。  相似文献   

A comparison of the population genetics of Lethrinus miniatus and Lutjanus sebae from the east and west coasts of Australia: Evidence for panmixia and isolation     

Lynne van Herwerden  William J. Aspden  Stephen J. Newman  Graham G. Pegg  Leica Briskey  William Sinclair   《Fisheries Research》2009,100(2):148-155

Lethrinus miniatus and Lutjanus sebae are important commercial and recreational species of reef fish. Within Australian waters the former species is less widespread than the latter and has a discontinuous distribution, whilst the latter is continuously distributed in tropical Australian waters. The demographic attributes of these species (e.g. long life span, low rates of natural mortality) make them vulnerable to over-exploitation. Consequently, conservative harvest strategies including no-take zones for these species have been adopted by fisheries management agencies to control exploitation. Information on the genetic stock structure of these species is important for developing specific management strategies. However, little is known about genetic stock structures within and between east and west Australian populations of these species. The current study used the mitochondrial genome hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) of the control region to examine variation between two sites from both the east and west Australian coasts for each species. HVR1 for L. sebae did not differ genetically either within or between coasts (F_st < 0.018, p > 0.15) at the sites studied, suggesting a panmictic population structure. Similarly, L. miniatus did not differ significantly between sites sampled within coast. However, the west coast HVR1 for L. miniatus east and west coast populations, were discrete (F_st of at least 0.92, p < 0.0001). The degree of genetic sub-division between east and west coast populations indicates that they should be managed as discrete stocks. Further, when considering both species, the lower genetic (both haplotype and nucleotide) diversity in three of the four sites on the west coast of Australia, indicates that this region is genetically impoverished and neutrality tests suggest that selection is responsible. Consequently, west Australian populations will be less resilient to perturbations (e.g. fishing, climate change) than east Australian populations, which have higher genetic diversity.  相似文献