玉米苗期耐低磷基因型的筛选与鉴定   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

张吉海  高世斌  潘光堂 《玉米科学》2006,14(5):020-025

在四川两个生态地区对76个玉米自交系进行了低磷胁迫筛选试验。大田种植条件下,通过对苗期部分性状耐低磷的变异系数、变异范围、平均值以及性状间的相关分析,结果表明:相对生物产量、相对株高、相对茎粗以及叶片缺素指数可作为耐低磷基因型筛选和评价的指标。根据上述指标,发现178、RP125、99S2052-1、99S2052-2、9809-1共5个自交系在两个试验点都表现出较好的耐低磷特性;9792-2、郑58、9508B等36个自交系在两个试验点都表现出低磷敏感特性;99S2052-3、316158、2396、吉842、20FS207等15个自交系对低磷胁迫的反应不稳定。同时还提出了在不同生态地区以偏低含磷量进行大田耐低磷玉米种质的筛选鉴定方法。  相似文献   

Population genetics of Toxoplasma gondii: new perspectives from parasite genotypes in wildlife     

Wendte JM  Gibson AK  Grigg ME 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,182(1):96-111

Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoal parasite, is well-known for its global distribution and its ability to infect virtually all warm-blooded vertebrates. Nonetheless, attempts to describe the population structure of T. gondii have been primarily limited to samples isolated from humans and domesticated animals. More recent studies, however, have made efforts to characterize T. gondii isolates from a wider range of host species and geographic locales. These findings have dramatically changed our perception of the extent of genetic diversity in T. gondii and the relative roles of sexual recombination and clonal propagation in the parasite's lifecycle. In particular, identification of novel, disease-causing T. gondii strains in wildlife has raised concerns from both a conservation and public health perspective as to whether distinct domestic and sylvatic parasite gene pools exist. If so, overlap of these cycles may represent regions of high probability of disease emergence. Here, we attempt to answer these key questions by reviewing recent studies of T. gondii infections in wildlife, highlighting those which have advanced our understanding of the genetic diversity and population biology of this important zoonotic pathogen.  相似文献   

小麦苗期耐低氮基因型的筛选与评价   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

赵化田  王瑞芳  许云峰  安调过 《中国生态农业学报》2011,19(5):1199-1204

氮是作物吸收的第一大必需营养元素, 对作物生长发育具有不可替代的作用。大量研究表明, 不同基因型小麦对氮的吸收利用能力不同, 培育氮高效小麦品种是提高氮利用效率的根本途径, 而发掘耐低氮小麦种质资源是小麦氮高效育种的基础。为此, 本研究以30 个小麦-冰草远缘杂交的高代品系, 1 个小麦-黑麦远缘杂交的T1BL·1RS 易位系, 2 个"小偃54"×"京411"重组自交系群体中的品系, 以及13 个生产上的主栽品种为试验材料, 通过低氮胁迫和正常供氮2 个处理的苗期水培试验, 进行了耐低氮基因型的筛选与评价。方差分析显示, 13 个氮效率相关性状在2 种氮水平之间及各小麦基因型之间的差异均达到显著或极显著水平。主成分分析显示, 前3 个主成分累积贡献率达到81.2%, 已包含了大部分信息, 能够基本反映整体状况。其中, 相对茎叶吸氮量、相对植株吸氮量、相对根冠比、相对茎叶干重、相对植株干重、相对茎叶氮利用效率、相对根含氮量在3 个主成分中占较大的比重。综合评价结果显示, 在33 个小麦远缘杂交品系中08B41 得分最高, 为1.60,为最耐低氮的品系; 13 个主栽品中"科农9204"得分最高, 为2.10, 为耐低氮的品种。聚类分析显示, 46 份基因型小麦可划分为3 大类: 耐低氮型(15 份)、中间型(22 份)和低氮敏感型(9 份)。筛选出08B41、XJ19-1、08B8、08B10、08B13、08B25、WR9603、08B2、08B5 共9 份耐低氮远缘杂交高代品系, 及"科农9204"、"邯7086"、"河农827"、"石麦18"、"石4185"、"石新733"共6 份耐低氮主栽品种。这些耐低氮的基因型可作为小麦营养高效育种的种质资源, 本文并对小麦近缘种属在小麦营养高效遗传改良中的作用进行了讨论。  相似文献   

中国番茄TMV基因型株系分化的研究     

冯兰香  杨荣昌 《园艺学报》1996,23(2):155-159

1990～1995年间,首次对中国大陆30个省(市)番茄TMV进行了基因型株系分化的研究,在695个TMV纯化分离物中鉴定出了TMV-0、1、2和1.2株系,其中0株系分布最广,是19个省(市)的优势株系,占当地TMV分离物的50％以上;1株系分布也很广泛,是11个省(市)的优势株系,占40％以上;2株系较少,虽然17个省(市)有分布,但占4.5％～30.6％;1.2株系最少,仅在6个省(市)中发现,占4.0％～11.1％。这一研究结果为我国各省(市)番茄抗TMV育种确定了主攻目标。  相似文献   

Cadmium Effects in Sunflower: Nutritional Imbalances in Plants and Calluses     

Helena Azevedo  Clara Gomes Glória Pinto  Conceição Santos 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2221-2231

The effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) nutrient accumulation remain unclear. However, studies concerning crop improvement for Cd tolerance suggest the use of biotechnology techniques such as tissue culture. It is still unknown whether in vitro cells respond to Cd exposure in a way similar to plants. In this paper, the objectives were (1) to characterize the effects of Cd exposure in macronutrient and micronutrient accumulation in different sunflower organs/tissues and (2) to compare the behavior of two culture systems (plants vs. tissue culture) regarding Cd and nutrient accumulation. To achieve these aims, sunflower plants were grown hydroponically in the presence of Cd (at levels of 0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M). For in vitro cultures, seeds were germinated axenically and leaf explants were then grown on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS). One-month-old calluses were grown on MS medium containing 0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M Cd. After 21 d of exposure to 500 μ M, all plants were dead. The contents of macro- and micronutrients and of Cd were determined by ICPS in 18 d-exposed plants and calluses and in calluses exposed for six months to 50 μ M Cd. At day 18, Cd content increased in leaves, roots, and calluses. Cadmium exposure also decreased the contents of magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in roots and of Mg, Ca, copper (Cu), Fe, and Mn in shoots. Exposed calluses suffered decreases only in Mg, Ca, and Mn contents. The contents of most of these nutrients in six-month-exposed calluses were similar to those of the control calluses, indicating that these long-term exposed in vitro cells developed mechanisms for regulating the effects of Cd on the accumulation of nutrients.  相似文献   

Measurement of genetic and environmental variation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grain hardness     

Glen P. Fox  Brian Osborne  Jan Bowman  Alison Kelly  Mehmet Cakir  David Poulsen  Andy Inkerman  Robert Henry 《Journal of Cereal Science》2007

In this study, we assessed a broad range of barley breeding lines and commercial varieties by three hardness methods (two particle size methods and one crush resistance method (SKCS—Single-Kernel Characterization System), grown at multiple sites to see if there was variation in barley hardness and if that variation was genetic or environmentally controlled. We also developed near-infrared reflectance (NIR) calibrations for these three hardness methods to ascertain if NIR technology was suitable for rapid screening of breeding lines or specific populations. In addition, we used this data to identify genetic regions that may be associated with hardness. There were significant (p<0.05) genetic effects for the three hardness methods. There were also environmental effects, possibly linked to the effect of protein on hardness, i.e. increasing protein resulted in harder grain. Heritability values were calculated at >85% for all methods. The NIR calibrations, with R² values of >90%, had Standard Error of Prediction values of 0.90, 72 and 4.0, respectively, for the three hardness methods. These equations were used to predict hardness values of a mapping population which resulted in genetic markers being identified on all chromosomes but chromosomes 2H, 3H, 5H, 6H and 7H had markers with significant LOD scores. The two regions on 5H were on the distal end of both the long and short arms. The region that showed significant LOD score was on the long arm. However, the region on the short arm associated with the hardness (hordoindoline) genes did not have significant LOD scores. The results indicate that barley hardness is influenced by both genotype and environment and that the trait is heritable, which would allow breeders to develop very hard or soft varieties if required. In addition, NIR was shown to be a reliable tool for screening for hardness. While the data set used in this study has a relatively low variation in hardness, the tools developed could be applied to breeding populations that have large variation in barley grain hardness.  相似文献   

不同基因型小麦对除草剂Basta敏感性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

武丽敏魏育明  郑有良 《麦类作物学报》2004,24(2):118-120

为确定抗除草剂抟基因小麦研究中的筛选压，以4个小麦品种(系)的成熟种子为材料，设置5种除草剂Basta浓度进行抗性鉴定。结果表明，不同基因型小麦对Basta的敏感性差异明显。Basta对小麦发芽成苗无明显影响，对幼苗高度和根长度的影响差异极显著。随着Basta浓度的增加，小麦幼苗生长受到抑制，高度明显降低，黄化率显著增大。Basta浓度为9mg／L的处理适宜，播种后4～5d出现黄化苗，黄化率达60％～70％，且对小麦幼苗的生长影响相对较好。  相似文献   

AMMI模型在芝麻区域试验中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张体德  张海洋  郑永战  卫双玲  梅鸿献  张志  贾刚民 《中国油料作物学报》2003,25(4):52-55

运用AMMI模型对2000年河南省芝麻区域试验数据进行分析。结果表明，AMMI模型能具体、直观、灵敏地综合评价芝麻区域试验中参试品种的稳定性。同时还分析了Di(1)与Di(2)的一致性问题，并对基因与环境的互作进行了探讨。  相似文献   

Phenolics and Antioxidative Activities in Narrow-Leafed Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.)     

B. Dave Oomah  Nathalie Tiger  Mark Olson  Parthiba Balasubramanian 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):86-92

Eight lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) genotypes grown at four locations in south central Alberta in 2004 were evaluated for variability in phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity measured by a photochemiluminescence assay. Genotype was the main source of variation for content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compounds in genotypes varied minimally from 11.9 to 14.7 mg catechin equivalent and 4.15 to 4.95 mg rutin equivalent g⁻¹ lupin for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Lupin genotypes exhibited weak antioxidant activity based on water–soluble substances (ACW) of 0.54 to 1.07 μmole Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC)/g with lag time ranging from 70 to 153 s and an antioxidant index of 6.7 to 14.5 and 1.9 to 3.3 μmole TEAC/g based on measurements of lipid-soluble substances (ACL). Antioxidant activity of lupin genotypes was not related to phenolic contents of seeds.  相似文献   

绵羊X染色体59194976位点多态分析及其与尾（臀）脂性状相关性研究     

王世银  张伟  沈敏  李欢  梁耀伟  杨井泉  高磊  甘尚权  王新华 《广西农业生物科学》2013,(5):575-580

尾脂沉积能力在脂尾型绵羊和瘦尾型绵羊问存在很大的差异,但其沉积脂肪的遗传特性与分子机制仍不明晰。为此,本研究选择尾型极端差异的阿勒泰羊（巨型脂臀）、湖羊（短脂尾）和黑萨福克羊（长瘦尾）,采用PCR-RFLP方法检测绵羊X染色体59194976位点多态性,分析其与尾（臀）脂沉积能力的相关性。结果表明：在阿勒泰羊群体中G等位基因属优势等位基因,其两等位基因比值（G／A）分别是湖羊和黑萨福克羊的6倍和68倍,且G等位基因在阿勒泰羊中趋于纯合。卡方检验结果表明,阿勒泰羊在该位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（p〉0．05）,而湖羊和黑萨福克羊在该位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg极不平衡状态（p〈0．01）。以上结果提示,绵羊x染色体59194976位点SNP可作为理想的分子标记应用于高、低脂绵羊品种选育。  相似文献