Six edge effect models are presented. Modelling results for the edge effect on the DBH, total height, crown height, and basal area in even-aged stands of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) are provided. Free edges and edges under external competition pressure were analysed. Model fitting was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, independent fittings for each border type by sampled cardinal point in each stand were carried out to detect differences in edge effect intensity and depth according to edge aspect. In the second fitting phase, the best models selected by edge aspect in the first phase were restricted to estimate the same value for each variable in the stand interior, independently of the border where it was analysed.
The edge effect intensity and depth varied depending on the analysed variable and edge type. Modelling of the edge effect on DBH and total height on free edges of old stands requires a model with independent parameters for each border aspect; the models can be restricted to estimate the average value of each variable in stand interior. A model with independent parameters for each border aspect should be also used for modelling the effect on total height, crown height and basal area for the edges of young stands under external competition pressure. The modelling of basal area and crown height on free edges of old stands, DBH on edges of young stands under external competition pressure, and all variables mentioned on free edges of young stands can be carried out through an average fitting. DBH and basal area are directly affected by stand density; thus, modelling of edge effect on these and others variables which are affected by stand density can improve with the inclusion of a competition index or a point density index. 相似文献
After 56 years of grazing on shortgrass prairie and 13 years of grazing on mixed-grass prairie, surface runoff was estimated with a rotating boom rainfall simulator. Runoff was strongly and positively correlated with percent bare ground, and was strongly and negatively correlated with percent litter cover. Neither foliar nor basal plant cover were useful estimators of runoff. 相似文献
