Study on Water-Preserving Effects of Mulching for Dryland Winter Wheat in Loess Tableland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LIAO Yun-cheng  WEN Xiao-xia  HAN Si-ming  JIA Zhi-kuan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2003,2(4)

Focused on the rainfall characteristics and the reality of agricultural production in the loess ta-bleland, and based on previous results, new patterns for dryland winter wheat production, in which the em-phasis was put on the film mulch with obvious water-preserving advantage, were designed to make effective useof rainfall. The results showed that the technique of the double mulch of film plus straw in summer fallow pe-riod can collect the rainfall in this period to the utmost extent and over 73.2 % of it can be stored in the soil,which is 108.4 mm more than that of conventional tillage. Furthermore, it can not only preserve water storedin soil in summer fallow, but also collect the rainfall in the growth period as much as possible by using thetechnique of making ridges plus film mulching and furrow sowing. So the patterns, which can greatly increaseboth the soil moisture and wheat yield, are the best choice for making full utilization of the rainfall and achie-ving a high and stable yield in the dryland wheat production of the loess tableland.  相似文献   

Simulated long-term effects of different soil management regimes on the water balance in the Loess Plateau, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shulan Zhang  Elisabeth Simelton  Lars Lvdahl  Harald Grip  Deliang Chen 《Field Crops Research》2007,100(2-3):311-319

A soil management regime that improves water use efficiency (WUE) is urgently required to increase the sustainability of the winter wheat-summer fallow system in the Loess Plateau, China. However, the long-term partitioning of the water balance must be understood in order to evaluate the viability of possible soil management regimes. Therefore, an ecosystem model (CoupModel) was used to explore the effects on components of the water balance of five types of soil management regimes: conventional practice, wheat straw mulching, incorporation of high organic matter contents, compaction, and use of a harvested fallow crop. Three variants of the fallow crop approach were also considered, in which the crop was harvested 15, 30 and 45 days before sowing the wheat (designated Fallow-15d, Fallow-30d and Fallow-45d, respectively). Simulations were used to identify the relative magnitude of soil evaporation, wheat transpiration and deep percolation and to elucidate the temporal variability in these components for a selected location using climate records spanning 45 years. However, the soil management regime significantly influenced the magnitude of every component of the water balance (in terms of minimum, maximum and mean values) over the long periods considered. Consequently, wheat yield and WUE differed significantly among the simulated treatments. Mulching led to significantly lower soil evaporation, higher transpiration, and more frequent and extensive deep percolation than other regimes, thereby improving fallow efficiency (percentage of rainfall stored in the soil during the fallow period at the end of the fallow period), wheat yields and WUE. In contrast, soil compaction gave the opposite results, leading to the most unfavourable partitioning of the water balance reflected in the lowest wheat yield and WUE values of all the regimes. In 90% of the years no deep percolation occurred in the soil compaction simulations. Use of a fallow crop with optimal harvest timing (Fallow-30d) improved partitioning of the water balance (decreased soil evaporation) and did not significantly reduce wheat yield compared with conventional practice. High organic matter contents in the soil also had a positive influence on the water balance and improved wheat yield and WUE relative to conventional practice. Therefore, mulching appears to be the best management practice for the winter wheat-summer fallow system in the Loess Plateau, according to the simulations. Increasing soil organic matter may be the best option if mulching cannot be implemented. The ideal time for harvesting a fallow crop for use as green manure or fodder appears to be ca. 30 days before sowing the winter wheat.  相似文献   

谷子全膜双垄沟穴播技术效应研究（原州试点）     

赵东  郭忠富  冯荔  陈玢 《宁夏农林科技》2013,(6):83-86

在宁夏固原市原州区官厅镇进行了旱地谷子全膜双垄覆盖沟穴播技术效应研究,结果表明：在降雨量400mm的半干旱区,采用全膜双垄覆盖沟穴播技术种植谷子有效地提高了土壤蓄水保墒能力和地积温,促进了谷子增产增收。7种覆膜种植方式中,秋季全膜、早春全膜、全膜覆土穴播增产效果显著,籽粒平均产量超过3900．0kg／hm^2,生物产量超过5625．0kg／hm^2,水分利用率达到60％以上,水分生产效率达到15kg／（mm·hm^2）。  相似文献   

马铃薯不同地膜与不同覆盖方式产量效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王华  崔建荣  冯玲  姜海刚 《宁夏农林科技》2013,(6):99-103

开展了不同地膜和不同覆盖方式马铃薯产量效应研究,结果表明：旱地栽培马铃薯覆膜以秋季黑色全膜沟播抗旱保苗效果最好,出苗率最高,为98％;秋覆黑色全膜与对照相比,出苗期0～60cm土壤水分含量高7．4％,降水利用率高9．8％,水分生产效率高18．0kg／（mm·hm^2）,有利于马铃薯出苗,提高了抗旱能力。从不同覆膜方式看,抗旱节水增产的顺序是：秋季全膜〉早春全膜〉秋季半膜〉播期全膜〉早春半膜〉播期半膜〉露地。以秋季黑色全膜产量最高,单产18811．5kg／hm^2．比对照增产55．19％;其次为秋季白全膜,单产17409．96kg／hm2,比对照增产43．63％;产量最低的为播期白半膜,单产13394．1kg／hm^2,比对照增产10．5％。从产值和纯收入来看,马铃薯覆盖黑色地膜的产值和收入明显高于白色膜,全膜覆盖高于半膜覆盖。秋季黑色全膜还和白色全膜别较露地增加纯收入15893．29元／hm^2和12249．17元／hm^2,增产增收效果显著。建议在马铃薯覆膜栽培上,重点选用黑色地膜覆盖,促进马铃薯增产增收。  相似文献   

黄土区旱地覆盖对小麦养分吸收及水分利用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨小敏  郝明德  李龙  董晓兵 《麦类作物学报》2013,33(5):1001-1005

为寻找适宜黄土区旱地小麦高效栽培的覆盖方式,通过田间试验研究了几个不同覆盖方式对黄土区旱地冬小麦产量、养分吸收以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,全年地膜全覆盖方式对提高小麦产量、养分吸收和水分利用效率效果最好,该处理下小麦籽粒产量较不覆盖、夏闲期地膜全覆盖和夏闲期地膜麦草行间覆盖等处理分别增加21.9%、21.2%和20.8%,水分利用效率提高17.54%、13.02%和15.65% ,同时籽粒吸收N、P、K总量较不覆盖增加45.7%、23.5%和21.4%,茎叶吸收N、P、K总量较不覆盖增加56.6%、172.9%和52.1%。夏闲期蓄水以夏闲期地膜麦草行间覆盖的效果最好,分别较不覆盖、夏闲期地膜全覆盖和全年地膜全覆盖等处理增加160.25%、39.3%和16.2%。综合考虑不同覆盖方式对小麦增产、养分吸收以及土壤蓄水保墒效果的影响,全年地膜全覆盖是黄土区旱作小麦较佳的栽培方式。  相似文献   

云南红河烟区覆膜方式及移栽苗龄对烤烟产量和品质形成的影响     

王初亮  宋文峰  关罗浩  谢晋  黄浩  李旺阳  王维 《作物杂志》2021,37(6):95-13

采用田间试验,分析不同覆膜方式与移栽苗龄对云南红河烟区烤烟成苗率、返苗期、农艺性状、主要病害发病率和病情指数、烟叶化学成分及经济性状的影响,以探索出适合该产区优质高产的烤烟种植技术。结果表明,从覆膜方式来看,膜下移栽要比膜上移栽效果好,成苗率较高,返苗期较短,发病率和病情指数较低,经济效益较高;从不同苗龄的烟株来看,除膜上中苗移栽处理外,其余处理均呈现苗龄越大,各指标表现越差的现象。因此,在膜下移栽适宜采用小苗（4叶1心）,烟株长势最好,农艺性状指标在所有处理中表现最优;而在膜上移栽适宜采用中苗（6叶1心）,其烟株田间生长发育最好。  相似文献   

金铁锁地膜覆盖栽培研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵菊  杨丽云  陈翠  汤王外  康平德 《农学学报》2016,6(3):57-59

为了研究金铁锁应用地膜覆盖栽培的效果,笔者采用白色农膜覆盖、黑色农膜覆盖、不覆盖任何农膜(CK)研究了金铁锁种子直播栽培的效果。结果表明：用地膜覆盖栽培比不盖膜栽培第1 年可明显提高保苗率,增加根重;第2 年保苗率明显降低,根重无明显差异;第3 年保苗率和根重都明显降低。种植第1年可用农膜覆盖,种植第2、第3年不能再盖膜。3年连续盖膜栽培可导致金铁锁最终产量降低。  相似文献   

江淮地区春季马铃薯稻草覆盖栽培适宜品种筛选研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

廖华俊  董玲  江芹  陈静娴 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(13):5912-5914

[目的]筛选适宜江淮地区春季稻草覆盖栽培的马铃薯品种。[方法]以东农303为对照品种,对10个稻草覆盖栽培马铃薯参试品种的生育期、植株形态特征、薯块性状、产量和商品薯率等性状进行调查分析,筛选适宜江淮地区春季稻草覆盖栽培的马铃薯品种。[结果]在10个参试品种中,中薯3号表现最好,产量高、薯块较大、结薯集中、芽眼中等、表皮光滑、薯形优美,且大中薯率高,高于对照12．51％;其次为费乌瑞它和郑薯5号。中薯3号、费乌瑞它和郑薯5号生育期短,薯块膨大速度快,产品上市早,经济效益好,同时不影响下茬水稻种植,适宜江淮地区春季稻草覆盖栽培。[结论]该研究为江淮地区发展稻草覆盖栽培马铃薯提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

几种覆盖方式对旱地苹果园土壤养分、酶活性及树体生长的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹欣冉  安贵阳  张紫嫣 《西北农业学报》2016,25(5):788-794

连续3a对乔化‘红富士’苹果进行园艺地布、粉碎秸秆、黑色地膜3种覆盖处理,以树盘清耕为对照,研究不同覆盖方式对树体生长量、叶片叶绿素总量、百叶质量、土壤速效磷、土壤速效钾、土壤硝态氮、铵态氮及酶活性的影响。结果表明,3种覆盖处理均能提高土壤速效养分、有机质及酶活性,尤以秸秆覆盖最显著;同时,3种覆盖方式对树体生长量、叶片叶绿素及百叶质量的提高明显高于对照,且地布覆盖秸秆覆盖地膜覆盖对照。覆盖对土壤养分及酶活性的影响主要表现在0~20cm表层土壤。并且随着土层的加深土壤养分及酶活性都降低,有机质与过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶极显著相关。说明:果园覆盖提高土壤速效养分质量分数、有机质质量分数和酶活性,进而改善土壤环境;并且覆盖提高树体生长量、叶片叶绿素总量及百叶质量,从而促进树体生长。可见果园覆盖是生产上有效的农艺增产措施。  相似文献   

氮肥管理与地膜覆盖对旱地冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率的影响   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室  实验室 《作物学报》2014,40(1):93-100

降雨偏少且季节分布不均,施肥偏多且方式不合理,缺少有效的保水栽培措施是西北旱地小麦生产面临的主要问题。2010年10月至2012年6月连续2个小麦生长季,在陕西渭北旱塬进行田间试验,比较了氮肥追施和总量减少、覆膜、增加种植密度措施较传统施肥和农民习惯施肥种植模式对冬小麦籽粒产量及氮素利用效率的影响。与农户习惯施肥相比,传统施肥不能持续增加产量和氮素利用效率;而减氮追肥、减氮垄覆和减氮垄覆增密处理的增产效果明显,同时提高了氮素利用效率,但减氮垄覆或增加种植密度却使籽粒含氮量降低,主要原因是进入开花期后土壤硝态氮累积量减少,氮素供应不足所致。综合分析,减氮垄覆增产增效更明显,小麦产量、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥生理利用率在第1年分别提高38.6%、49.6%和35.1%,在第2年分别提高7.6%、16.3%和25.7%,说明控氮与覆膜结合是实现旱地冬小麦增产的重要措施,但需注意生长后期土壤氮素供应,在增产的同时保证小麦品质。  相似文献