Effects of best management practices on dry matter production and fruit production efficiency of oil palm     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2017

Enhancing dry matter production with higher partitioning to fruit bunches is important for sustainable intensification of oil palm. A series of best management practices including site-specific nutrient management, canopy management, and harvesting has been developed for oil palm plantations. However, the effects of these practices on dry matter production and partitioning, and how the effects vary with climatic and soil conditions of plantation sites, remain largely unknown. We established a four-year field trial including 30 paired commercial blocks across Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia. The paired treatments included site-specific best management practices, and standard estate practices as the control. The annual production of aboveground dry matter was 30.0 ± 0.5 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (mean ± se) under best management practices, higher than 28.8 ± 0.5 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under standard estate practices. The bunch index, an indicator of the fruit production efficiency, increased by 12% under best management practices compared to standard estate practices. Partitioning of dry matter to the fronds decreased by 8% under best management practices, compared to standard estate practices. The positive effect of best management practices on the annual production of total aboveground dry matter was stronger in the plantation site with higher annual rainfall. These results are useful for optimizing management practices to improve sustainable intensification of oil palm.  相似文献   

杜香油主要成分的分离和鉴定   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

邱志国  马慧媛 《东北林业大学学报》1997,25(1):41-44

用减压蒸馏、气相色谱分离、红外和紫外光谱法、催化加氢和沸点测定等手段对杜香油中三种含量较高的成分进行了分离和鉴定。结果确定它们是月桂烯、对－伞花烃、桃金娘烯醛。并参考同条件下的ＧＣ与ＧＣ－ＭＳ结果鉴定出α－蒎烯、茨烯等化合物。测定了各成分在杜香油中的含量。  相似文献   

成品油罐区消防问题     

陆朝荣  李春忠 《油气储运》1997,16(4):39-41

根据对１９６６－１９８６年１６个单位所属的１－３级油库火灾，火警调查，分析了我国油库油罐区火灾概率，灭火设施的可靠性和现有消防系统的效益，针对我国油罐区消防现状，参照国外罐区消防的一些做法，提出几种消防方案。  相似文献   

油葵杂交种春播产比试验及适宜播期的确定     

李军虎  秦建国  陈钢  杜义英 《种子》2002,(4):13-14,18

通过油葵产比、播期试验结果分析，新葵6号256.67kg/667m^2，较对照种G101增产11.82%，居参试种首位，同时提出春播种植油葵应选择生育期较长的品种，播期以3月25日至4月5日为宜，适播人播种越早越好。  相似文献   

Genetic control of fertility in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)     

J. B. Wonkyi-Appiah 《Euphytica》1987,36(2):505-511

Summary A study was conducted on the segregating populations from tenera × tenera, tenera x fertile Pisifera crosses and tenera selfings. Pisifera palms were categorised as (1) fertile Pisifera palms if producing mature ripe bunches regularly under natural conditions, and (2) partially female sterile pisifera palms if producing a few or no bunches in several years.Based on observations on the segregation patterns of the fruit forms (dura, tenera and pisifera) and bunch production patterns, a genetic model was formulated to explain the genetic basis of fertility in the oil palm. Fertility in the oil palm is shown to be controlled by a single gene which is linked to the gene controlling fruit form. Chi-square tests confirmed that the model agreed with the segregating ratios of fruit form and fertility observed.The implications of this finding with regard to oil palm breeding and improvement, and the potential of the fertile pisifera palm for increasing palm oil yields in plantations are discussed.  相似文献   

秸秆还田替代化学钾肥对棉麦轮作中棉仁油分累积的效应     

宋光雷  睢宁  余超然  张凡  孟亚利  陈兵林  赵文青  王友华 《作物学报》2015,41(10):1548-1556

为研究棉田化学钾肥的秸秆替代施入对棉仁含油量的影响及其生理生化基础,2012—2013年于江苏省农业科学院试验站进行麦棉两熟周年秸秆还田定位试验,在棉花季设置小麦秸秆不还田(0,W0)、半量还田(4500 kg hm–2,W1)和全量还田(9000 kg hm–2,W2),在小麦季设置棉花秸秆不还田(0,C0)、半量还田(3750 kg hm–2,C1)和全量还田(7500 kg hm–2,C2),两种作物秸秆不同还田量组合后共9个秸秆还田处理,另根据秸秆折合钾肥量,于2012年棉花季开始增设2个钾肥用量处理,即150 kg K2O hm–2和300 kg K2O hm–2(K1和K2)。研究显示,在适宜氮肥(300 kg N hm–2)、磷肥(150 kg P2O5 hm–2)水平下,随着逐年秸秆还田与施钾,土壤速效氮、有效磷年际间差异均不显著,但土壤速效钾含量年际间存在显著差异;花后17 d、24 d是不同处理条件下棉仁含油量差异形成的关键时期;相较于6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G6PDH)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC),花后17 d、24 d的磷脂酸磷酸酯酶(PPase)的活性对棉仁油分的通径系数更大。结果表明,短期秸秆还田与单施化学钾肥均主要影响棉田土壤速效钾含量;从棉仁油分累积角度来看,秸秆还田可在很大程度上替代化学钾的施入;花后17 d、24 d棉仁钾含量是影响棉仁含油量的关键因子;秸秆还田替代化学钾肥条件下,PPase较G6PDH、PEPC对棉仁油分的影响更为关键。  相似文献   

应用核磁共振技术测定油菜籽含油量的方法研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王晓军 《作物学报》1993,19(4):289-298

本文建立了系统的应用核磁共振技术测定油菜种子含油量的方法。首次报道了样品前处理，最适工作参数选择和校正方法的系统研究结果。 50份不同含油量的种子样品用于核磁共振法与经典索氏抽提法比较试验，两方法相关系数r=0.9823。核磁共振仪对纯菜籽油的线性响应r=0.9994。最少种子需要量为0.5克。测定环境温度和种子样  相似文献   

Correlation of isoenzyme polymorphism and Bayoud-disease resistance in date palm cultivars and progeny     

K. Bendiab  M. Baaziz  Z. Brakez  My.H. Sedra 《Euphytica》1992,65(1):23-32

Summary Seedlings of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), obtained from seven cultivars crossed with two males, were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for esterase (EST), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), endopeptidase (ENP) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) polymorphisms. Eleven, eight, five and two phenotypes were revealed for the enzymes tested, respectively. Seedlings of F₁ populations derived from Bayoud (Fusarium)-resistant and low fruit quality cultivars were characterized by a high electrophoretic polymorphism, when compared with progenies of Bayoud-susceptible and high fruit quality cultivars. In almost all cases, the most frequent electrophoretic phenotypes scored for each enzyme in different F₁ populations, were similar to those of the corresponding parent cultivars. Heterozygous phenotypes have been found for, at least, 3 loci; Got-2, Est-1 and Enp, indicating that such loci could be used to screen for hybrid seedlings. The expected Mendelian segregation of allozymes has been observed for these 3 loci, in many F₁ populations. It seems that progenies of Bayoud-resistant cultivars are characterized by a high level of electrophoretic polymorphism. The estimation of this index and the search for genetic linkage with segregating allozymes, may be biochemical criteria useful as an aid in distinguishing date palm seedling populations derived from Bayoud-resistant cultivars and suitable for breeding programs.  相似文献   

不同灌溉量对油橄榄产量和果实品质的影响     

冯德强  陈克超 《四川林业科技》2011,32(6):76-78

采用盆栽称质量的方法,对盆栽油橄榄灌溉20%、40%、60%、80%、100%、120%、140%蒸腾蒸发量（ET0）,进行产量与果实品质研究。结果表明,灌溉量为100%～140%ET0时单果重、果肉率最高;100%ET0时产果量最高;40%ET0时含油率最高;80%ET0时产油量最高。对于果用油橄榄最佳灌溉量范围为100%～140%ET0,油用油橄榄最佳灌溉范围为60%～100%ET0。  相似文献   

Comparison of drip and sprinkler irrigation strategies on sunflower seed and oil yield and quality under Mediterranean climatic conditions     

S.M. Sezen  A. YazarB. Kapur  S. Tekin 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(7):1153-1161

This study compares the effects of different irrigation regimes on seed yield and oil yield quality and water productivity of sprinkler and drip irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) on silty-clay-loam soils in 2006 and 2007 in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. In sprinkler irrigation a line-source system was used in order to create gradually varying irrigation levels. Irrigation regimes consisted of full irrigation (I₁) and three deficit irrigation treatments (I₂, I₃ and I₄), and rain-fed treatment (I₅). In the drip system, irrigation regimes included full irrigation (FI-100), three deficit irrigation treatments (DI-25, DI-50, DI-75), partial root zone drying (PRD-50) and rain-fed treatment (RF). Irrigations were scheduled at weekly intervals both in sprinkler and drip irrigation, based on soil water depletion within a 0.90 m root zone in FI-100 and I₁ plots. Irrigation treatments influenced significantly (P < 0.01) sunflower seed and oil yields, and oil quality both with sprinkler and drip systems. Seed yields decreased with increasing water stress levels under drip and sprinkler irrigation in both experimental years. Seed yield response to irrigation varied considerably due to differences in soil water contents and spring rainfall distribution in the experimental years. Although PRD-50 received about 36% less irrigation water as compared to FI-100, sunflower yield was reduced by an average of 15%. PRD-50 produced greater seed and oil yields than DI-50 in the drip irrigation system. Yield reduction was mainly due to less number of seeds per head and lower seed mass. Soil water deficits significantly reduced crop evapotranspiration (ET), which mainly depends on irrigation amounts. Significant linear relationships (R² = 0.96) between ET and oil yield (Y) were obtained in each season. The seed yield response factors (ky_seed) were 1.24 and 0.86 for the sprinkler and 1.19 and 1.06 for the drip system in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The oil yield response factor (ky_oil) for sunflower was found to be 1.08 and 1.49 for both growing seasons for the sprinkler and 1.36 and 1.25 for the drip systems, respectively. Oil content decreased with decreasing irrigation amount. Consistently greater values of oil content were obtained from the full irrigation treatment plots. The saturated (palmitic and stearic acid) and unsaturated (oleic and linoleic acid) fatty acid contents were significantly affected by water stress. Water stress caused an increase in oleic acid with a decrease in linoleic acid contents. The palmitic and stearic acid concentrations decreased under drought conditions. Water productivity (WP) values were significantly affected by irrigation amounts and ranged from 0.40 to 0.71 kg m⁻³ in 2006, and from 0.69 to 0.91 kg m⁻³ in 2007. The PRD-50 treatment resulted in the greatest WP (1.0 kg m⁻³) and irrigation water productivity (IWP) (1.4 kg m⁻³) in both growing seasons. The results revealed that under water scarcity situation, PRD-50 in drip and I₂ in sprinkler system provide acceptable irrigation strategies to increase sunflower yield and quality.  相似文献