气流因子差异化做青工艺对乌龙茶香气品质的影响     

周子维  魏莹莹  吴晴阳  范丽君  饶泓婷  陈援援  吴灵贞  戴彬彬  蔡烈伟  郑世仲  王芳  孙云 《农业工程学报》2022,38(21):240-248

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基于最小二乘法的落叶松木粉粒径数学建模与分析     

任洪娥  沈雯雯  白杰云  官俊 《林业科学》2015,(4)

【目的】建立落叶松木粉粒径与长宽比的数学模型，通过分析数学模型和其二阶导数，揭示木粉长宽比随粒径减小的变化趋势及变化的根本原因，获得最大长宽比对应的粒径，为建立长宽比与力学性能之间的定量关系提供参考。【方法】利用光学显微镜拍摄获得木粉的显微图像，测算获得目标木粉成熟管胞的平均长度、平均宽度以及木粉粒径的大小。通过数字图像处理技术提取单木粉颗粒的矩形度、长宽比：将原始木粉显微图像由 RGB颜色空间转到Lab颜色空间，提取其b分量；对b分量图像用3×3模板进行中值滤波；用K-means算法将去噪后图像聚类为2类，得木粉的二值图像；对二值图像用5×5的结构元素进行先开启后闭合的数学形态学运算；用八连通区域法标记图像中的单木粉颗粒；对标记后图像用目标区域像素点个数统计法计算获得单木粉颗粒的几何面积，用主轴法获得单木粉颗粒的最小外接矩形的长、宽、面积；计算获得单木粉颗粒的长宽比、矩形度数据。采用最小二乘法对木粉粒径与长宽比进行数据拟合，通过分析评判多项式、高斯和傅里叶3种拟合函数后选用高斯方程表达得木粉粒径与木粉长宽比的数学模型，再根据其拟合曲线方程计算得其二阶导数，结合模型的二阶导数和测算得的木粉管胞数据对高斯模型进行分析与讨论。【结果】矩形度不随木粉粒径的减小而变化，均值在0.6～0.8之间。长宽比随粒径减小出现先增大后减小的趋势：木粉粒径在1100～576μm 时，长宽比数值从接近于1开始逐渐增大；木粉粒径为576μm时(与本文目标木粉成熟管胞的平均长度563.82μm接近)，长宽比达到最大数值4.6；木粉粒径在576～30μm时，长宽比逐渐减小；而粒径小于50μm 时(与目标木粉成熟管胞的平均宽度46.498μm接近)，长宽比数值再次趋近于1。【结论】长宽比的变化与管胞破裂密切相关：木粉粒径大于管胞长度时，木粉主要通过纵向断裂使粒径减小；粒径与管胞长度接近时，长宽比较大；粒径小于等于管胞宽度范围内，木粉主要是横向断裂，而长宽比基本不再发生变化且趋近于1。长宽比和冲击强度随粒径减小的变化趋势是一致的，长宽比是影响材料力学性能本质因素之一。  相似文献   

变量筛选方法对郁闭度遥感估测模型的影响比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

琚存勇  邸雪颖  蔡体久 《林业科学》2007,43(12):33-38

比较基于偏最小二乘回归的Bootstrap方法与传统的平均残差平方和(RMSq)准则所选变量建立模型的精度差别.结果表明:Bootstrap方法是一种更优秀的变量筛选方法,比RMSq方法精度提高约5%;而且它不受变量多带来的运算困难的限制,更便于实际应用.  相似文献   

数字化地籍图数据处理方法的研究     

吕亮卿  毕援朝 《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,18(3):222-227

本文系统、全面地讨论了数字化地籍图数据处理的各种方法、特性及其应用范围。并结合实例对利用已知面积校正数字化坐标的平差计算方法作了详细的讨论。通过一系列的数据处理 ,可以向地理信息系统提供精度可靠的地理基础数据。  相似文献   

2022年夏季汉江中下游水华生消驱动因子及其贡献率量化研究          下载免费PDF全文

查悉妮  辛小康  付婷  李建  白凤朋  林枭  舒鹏 《水生态学杂志》2024,45(1):143-151

2022年夏季，长江流域遭遇了罕见的“汛期反枯”极端水文事件，在此期间，汉江中下游首次发现了蓝藻水华。本研究选取叶绿素a浓度作为衡量水华的关键指标，基于偏最小二乘回归（Partial least squares regression，PLSR）量化了不同环境因子对2022年夏季汉江中下游（仙桃、宗关断面）水华生消的贡献率。结果表明：（1）仙桃和宗关断面叶绿素a浓度与溶解氧、pH值和水温均呈现出显著的正相关关系。溶解氧、pH值和水温对2022年夏季汉江中下游水华生消的贡献程度最高，三者对仙桃和宗关断面水华生消的贡献率分别为15.18%、13.68%、14.50%和18.06%、15.93%、15.65%。（2）基于偏最小二乘路径模型（Partial Least Squares Path Modeling，PLS-PM），本研究进一步解析了各环境因子对叶绿素a浓度变化的影响路径。结果表明气象因子是2022年夏季汉江中下游蓝藻水华暴发的诱导因子，高温无雨的极端天气导致水温和pH上升，加速了藻类的代谢反应速率。同时，河道流量减小延长了有机物和营养盐的传输和滞留时间，为藻类生长提供了稳定的营养条件。并且水华“萌发”时段可能与汉江中下游“涝旱急转”时段重叠。因此，本文建议下一步研究应结合准确的中长期气象预报信息，在“涝旱急转”时段实时优化汉江中下游水华防控调度的下泄流量与下泄时机，这将有可能大大提高水华防控的效率和效果。  相似文献   

Prediction of watermelon quality based on vibration spectrum     

《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2013

Judging watermelon quality based on its apparent properties such as size or skin color is difficult. A non-destructive method is employed here, based on vibrational response spectrum, to determine the quality indices of watermelon (Charleston gray). The responses of samples to vibration excitation were recorded by laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). The phase shift between input and output signals were extracted over a wide frequency range. The total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and TSS/TA ratio also measured as watermelon quality characters. Stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) as well as partial least square regression (PLS) was applied to extracted vibration spectrums to construct prediction models of watermelon quality. The results showed that performance of SMLR models were better than PLS. The determination coefficients (R²) of SMLR validation models were 0.9976, 0.9985 and 0.9542 for TSS, TA and TSS/TA respectively. It is likely that reduction of cell wall materials to soluble solids during ripening process changes viscoelastic properties of watermelon reflected by vibrational response. This study demonstrated the feasibility of mentioned method for predicting the quality of watermelons in an industrial grading system.  相似文献   

Customer adapted grading of Scots pine sawn timber using a multivariate method     

Anders Berglund  Olof Broman  Johan Oja  Anders Grönlund 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2015,30(1):87-97

To define new grading rules, or to customize the ones in use in a rule-based automatic grading (RBAG) system of boards, is a time-consuming job for a sawmill engineer. This has the effect that changes are rarely made. The objective of this study was to continue the development of a method that replaces the calibration of grading rule settings by a holistic-subjective automatic grading, using multivariate models. The objective was also to investigate if this approach can improve sawmill profitability and at the same time have a satisfied customer. For the study, 323 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) boards were manually graded according to the preferences of an important customer. That is, a customer that regularly purchases significant volumes of sawn timber. This manual grading was seen as reference grading in this work. The same boards were also scanned and graded by a RBAG system, calibrated for the same customer. Multivariate models for prediction of board grade based on aggregated knot variables, obtained from the scanning, were calibrated using partial least squares regression. The results show that prediction of board grades by the multivariate models were more correct, with respect to the manual grading, than the grading by the RBAG system. The prediction of board grades based on multivariate models resulted in 76–87% of the boards graded correctly, according to the manual grading, while the corresponding number was 63% for the RBAG system.  相似文献   

硬岩抗剪强度参数的最优化确定法     

唐杰军  汪亦显 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,27(3):95-100

为了减小岩工程分析计算的工作量和节约研究经费,须利用有限的室内实验样本的测定值,通过对有限实验样本数据的回归分析整理,确定岩石抗剪强度参数c、φ,进而估计岩体的抗剪强度c、φ.由于试验方法、试验条件等有一定局限性,因而,岩石力学参数的试验结果具有一定的不确定性.其不确定性包含随机性和模糊性.而用传统的数理统计方法处理岩石样本值,显然是不合适的,只有通过寻求最优的数学回归分析方法,来处理相关试验结果.笔者通过对硬岩变角度剪切实验和常规三轴压缩实验的数据回归分析,得到利用最小二乘法的抛物线回归分析结果和随机-模糊回归分析结果比较符合.因而,为了优化计算结果而又避免繁琐的计算,通常可以采用最小二乘法的抛物线回归分析计算代替随机-模糊回归分析相关结果.  相似文献   

Height–diameter equations for boreal tree species in Ontario using a mixed-effects modeling approach     

Mahadev Sharma  John Parton 《Forest Ecology and Management》2007

Height–diameter relationships based on stand characteristics (trees/ha, basal area, and dominant stand height) were investigated for balsam fir, balsam poplar, black spruce, jack pine, red pine, trembling aspen, white birch, and white spruce using data from permanent growth study plots in northern Ontario, Canada. Approximately half the data were used to estimate model parameters with the rest used for model evaluation. Multiple Chapman–Richards functions with parameters expressed in terms of various stand characteristics were fit to determine the best models for predicting height.  相似文献   

Determination of moisture content and basic specific gravity of Populus tremuloides (Michx.) and Populus balsamifera (L.) logs using a portable near-infrared spectrometer     

Guillaume Hans  Brigitte Leblon  Paul Cooper  Armand La Rocque  Joseph Nader 《Wood material science & engineering》2015,10(1):3-16

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