不同氮肥处理下花生根瘤菌的应用效果     

杨庆锋  杜迎辉  赵伟杰 《安徽农业科学》2013,(21):8860-8861

[目的]为考察氮肥对花生根瘤菌应用效果的影响,探讨花生合理的氮肥与根瘤菌的组合处理。[方法]采用田间试验方法,研究不同氮肥处理对花生植株性状和产量的影响。[结果]花生根瘤菌和化肥两者的混合施用比单独施用化肥根瘤数增加54．37％～65．87％,产量增加6．75％～34．35％。[结论]与单独施用化肥相比,花生根瘤菌和化肥两者的混合施用对花生生长产生更积极的效果。  相似文献   

不同施肥处理对光合碳在花生-土壤系统中分配的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李朋发  江春玉  李忠佩 《土壤》2019,51(5):923-928

通过室内花生盆栽,设置NPK(常规氮磷钾施肥)、NPKS(常规氮磷钾加玉米秸秆)、NPKA(常规氮磷钾加腐殖酸)和CK(不施肥对照)4个不同的施肥处理,采用3次~(13)CO2脉冲标记的方法对不同施肥处理下光合碳在花生-土壤系统中的分配进行定量研究。结果表明:不同施肥处理对标记期内花生总生物量影响不显著,但是NPKA处理显著提升了花生根系生物量,较CK、NPK和NPKS分别高22.04%、19.47%和53.38%。NPKS处理地上部~(13)C丰度最高,但土壤中~(13)C丰度最低,NPKA处理土壤中~(13)C丰度最高。各处理地上部的~(13)C含量无显著差异,NPKA处理根系的~(13)C含量显著高于NPK且土壤~(13)C含量显著高于其他处理。NPKA处理地上部的~(13)C分配比例最低而土壤中分配比例最高,根系~(13)C分配比例与其他处理无显著差异,根系与土壤~(13)C分配比例之和显著高于其他处理。本研究表明腐殖酸能显著促进花生光合碳向地下部的转运。  相似文献   

Effects of Intercropping Peanut on Soil Nutrient Status and Microbial Activity within Young Camellia oleifera Plantation     

Wentao Lu 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(10):1232-1238

A two-year field trial was conducted to compare the effects of intercropping with peanut and Camellia oleifera monoculture on soil characteristics, nutrients status as well as soil microbial activity in a young C. oleifera plantation on latosolic red soil. Compared with C. oleifera monoculture, the soil porosity in intercropping C. oleifera with peanut was increased by 11.45 and 8.41%, the electrical conductivity by 14.74 and 16.90%, the rhizosphere fungi populations by 21.46 and 15.38%, the rhizosphere bacterial populations by 52.19 and 43.87%, soil organic matter (SOM) by 4.72 and 5.69%, the available nitrogen (N) by 10.71 and 14.51%, available calcium (Ca) by 10.53 and 17.39% and available magnesium (Mg) by 18.18 and 20.00% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. However, intercropping significantly reduced soil bulk density, soil total and exchangeable phosphorus (P), soil total and exchangeable potassium (K) and exchangeable aluminum (Al) in both years. Therefore, the beneficial effect may be attributed to the improvement of bulk density, soil nutrient element and the reduction in pH, as well as the rhizosphere microbial populations in intercropping systems.  相似文献   

不同氮效率花生品种氮素累积与利用特征     

王春晓  凌飞  鹿泽启  姜蔚  臧宏伟  张伟  姚杰  兰丰  柳璇  王志新  郑永美 《中国生态农业学报》2019,27(11):1706-1713

氮是花生(Arachishypogaea)生长发育必需的大量元素之一,明确不同品种氮素利用特点,可为花生氮高效品种筛选、培育及节氮栽培提供依据。桶栽条件下,利用15N示踪技术,测定了19个花生品种产量、植株氮含量、氮素积累量及3种氮源供氮量等指标,并以供试品种的产量及氮效率平均值为基准,将品种划分为高产氮高效、高产氮低效、低产氮高效和低产氮低效4种类型,分析了4种类型品种氮素累积与利用特征。结果表明:1)不同类型花生品种氮效率存在较大差异,氮高效型品种荚果氮效率平均为25.0 kg·kg?1,比氮低效型品种平均值高13.6%。2)营养体氮含量中等的品种有利于产量和氮效率同时提高,生殖体和整株氮含量不同类型品种间差异不大;在植株有足够氮积累的前提下,提高氮向生殖体的分配比例是高产氮高效品种的基本特征。3)不同类型花生品种土壤氮和肥料氮供氮水平与氮效率一致,根瘤供氮水平与氮效率因品种产量水平而异;当氮效率相近时,根瘤供氮水平高,有利于产量形成;氮高效型土壤供氮比例略高于低效型,根瘤供氮比例与土壤供氮比例相反,土壤氮与根瘤氮有较好的补偿效应;不同类型品种肥料供氮比例相差不大。4)不同类型品种产量和氮效率与氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力高度一致,而不同类型品种间氮素生物效率差异较小。综上,不同类型花生品种产量和氮效率存在显著差异,选育产量和氮效率双高的品种不仅必要,而且可行,是未来花生节氮栽培的有效途径之一。  相似文献   

花生荚壳抗黄曲霉菌侵染的鉴定方法研究及抗性种质发掘     

邱西克  康彦平  郭建斌  喻博伦  陈伟刚  姜慧芳  黄莉  李威涛  雷永  廖伯寿 《中国油料作物学报》2019,41(1):109

        黄曲霉毒素污染是影响花生食用安全性和制约产业发展的重要因素。荚壳是花生抵御黄曲霉菌侵染的第一道防线,为建立花生荚壳抗黄曲霉侵染的鉴定方法,本研究利用强侵染黄曲霉菌AF2202接种花生荚果,通过对不同接种菌浓度和培养时间的比较分析,发现接种浓度为2 ×106孢子/mL、培养7d的组合方案可以有效区分花生荚壳对黄曲霉菌侵染的抗性。利用所建立的鉴定方法对276份遗传变异丰富的花生核心种质材料进行接种鉴定,进一步证明了这一方法鉴定花生荚壳抗性的有效性和实用性,初步发掘出2份具有荚壳抗性的特异花生种质。  相似文献   

山东省花生田和花生籽仁镉含量及其与施肥关系研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

WANGCai-bin  CHENGBo  ZHENGYa-ping  WUZheng-feng  CHUChang-jiang    WANShu-bo 《土壤通报》2008,(6)

大田抽样检测结果表明,山东花生田Cd含量为0.011~0.056mgkg-1,平均0.029mgkg-1,未超出农业部绿色食品产地土壤环境的质量标准。鲁西高于鲁东和鲁南,粘土高于壤土;烟台地区花生籽仁Cd含量为0.027~0.280mgkg-1,平均值(0.1048mgkg-1)超过了农业部对绿色食品花生籽仁的卫生要求。被测田块中超标的田块占37.5%,产品存在一定程度的Cd污染;砂壤土生产的花生Cd含量高于粘土,同一类型土壤花生籽仁中的Cd含量与土壤中的Cd含量无明显相关性,表明花生Cd污染受多种因素的影响;单项试验表明,在花生常用无机肥料中,花生籽仁Cd含量在一定范围内随施肥所带进土壤中Cd的增加而增加。  相似文献   

Effect of microwave pre-treatment on physical quality,bioactive compounds,safety risk factor,and storage stability of peanut butter     

《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2021,6(3):137-144

Microwave, as a new heat treatment technology, has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed. It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality. Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time. However, the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting conditions are limited. Herein, we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter. Different roasting powers (400 ​W, 800 ​W and 1200 ​W) and times (4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 ​min) were preliminarily tested. Among them, 800 ​W at 5 ​min was the most suitable. The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color, sensory, bioactive compounds, storage stability, and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars (Silihong, Baisha-1016, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414). The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars (Silihong, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414) with moisture content between 5% and 7.2% had a similar sensory score (6–7) as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other. The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L1 values of 51–52, respectively, for high initial moisture peanut cultivars. The total polyphenol (35.20-31.59 ​± ​0.59 ​μmol GAE/g) and tocopherol (19.05 ​± ​0.35 ​mg/100 ​g) content in the butter obtained from three cultivars (Yuahua-9102, Yuhua, and Baisha-1016) and Silihong respectively, were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) higher than those in the commercial butter. The induction times of all pre-treated butter (19.80 ​± ​0.99–7.84 ​± ​0.07 ​h) were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples. In addition, no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples. Collectively, the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one. These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.  相似文献   

花生荚果发育过程中子叶贮藏细胞的形态变化及其与油分和蛋白质积累的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

庄伟建  彭时尧  林木山 《中国农业科学》1991,24(3):8

花生荚果发育过程中,子叶贮藏细胞的形态和结构皆发生一系列明显的变化。果针入土0-30天,子叶贮藏细胞不断形成分化,体积变化较小,细胞中脂体和蛋白体形成少,而造粉体则形成较多,并大量积累淀粉粒。果针入土30-45天,子叶贮藏细胞迅速生长,脂体、蛋白体大量形成和增大,充满整个细胞。而淀粉粒形成少。果针入土45-68天,子叶细胞生长减慢,脂体则进一步发育,蛋白体持续形成和增大,60天以后蛋白体趋于解体,间质充挤于脂体间隙。未期,子叶细胞停止膨大,并可能因失水而体积略有减小。结果表明,花生子叶细胞的生长发育,是种仁和荚果形态发育的基础;种仁油分和蛋白质的积累则是其体内脂体和蛋白体不断形成和发育的结果。  相似文献   

花生四个类型的染色体组型分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

詹英贤  吴爱忠  程明 《中国农业科学》1988,21(1):61-67

花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）四类型的染色体组型分析表明：⑴四类型的染色体数,2n = 4x = AABB = 40,20对的同源染色体中,有1对具随体的B染色体的B染色体组和1对最小的A染色体的A染色体组。⑵四类型的染色体长度范围分别为5.7-15.1μ（西班牙型）,4.9-14.4μ（秘鲁型）,5.30-14.7μ（巴伦西亚型）和4.5-12.1μ（弗吉尼亚型）。四类型的染色体组型都不同,西班牙型2n = 4x = 17m + 1sm（SAT）+ 2 st,秘鲁型2n = 4x = 17m + 2sm（1SAT）+1st,巴伦西亚型2n = 4x = 12m + 7sm（1SAT）+1st和弗吉尼亚型2n = 4x = 16m + 3sm（1SAT）+1st。  相似文献   

山东花生茎腐病病原菌研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郭洪参  张悦丽  齐军山  张博  李林  徐作珽  李长松  张广民 《中国油料作物学报》2014,36(4):524

从山东省多地采集的花生茎腐病株上分离到15个茎腐病菌株,选取6个典型菌株,对病原菌进行形态特征、致病性、生物学特性研究。核糖体DNA-ITS序列分析表明,6个菌株的核糖体DNA-ITS序列同源性高达99%。根据病原菌的形态特征、核糖体DNA-ITS序列同源性比较,确认供试6个菌株为同一种病原菌,与GenBank中可可毛色二孢属（Ｌasiodiplodia）（Diplodia的同物异名）的同源性高达99%以上。根据6个菌株的形态特征、致病性测定结果及生物学特性,并结合核糖体DNA-ITS序列分析,将山东花生茎腐病的病原鉴定为棉色二孢菌（Diplodia gossypina )。  相似文献