我国抗枯萎病棉花品种（系）的系谱分析   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14  

冯纯大  张金发  刘金兰  孙济中 《棉花学报》1996,(2)

截止１９９４年底，我国育成抗枯萎病棉花品种（系）共２０４个，其中有５２－１２８、岱字１５、中棉和乌干达棉血缘的品种（系）达１８６个，遗传基础非常狭窄。  相似文献   

关于育种畜禽系谱数据管理程序的设计研究     

王志刚  李健 《华北农学报》1988,(3)

用BASIC语言编制出育种畜禽系谱数据管理程序.采用数据随机存取文件的方式,利用SPACE＄命令解决了用等长字节的记录存取育种畜禽个体不等长代号名的矛盾.操作简单,使用方便,通用性强,为期保存和利用育种畜禽系谱数据,提供了一个实用性程序.  相似文献   

Application of DNA markers to the management of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) broodstock     

Timothy R. Jackson  D. J. Martin-Robichaud  Michael E. Reith   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):245-259

For many aquaculture finfish species, the current broodstock have been collected from the wild or have undergone only a few generations of domestication. The Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) aquaculture industry in Atlantic Canada has retained F₁ juveniles (n=145) from the 1996 spawning of wild adults for candidate broodstock. Through the development and use of a five-microsatellite DNA marker multiplex, we determined the parentage of these 1996 F1 individuals, which are being reared at one government and two industry hatcheries, and evaluated the change in genetic variation between the wild and the 1996 F₁ stock. In the three groups of F₁ fish, single parental pairs were assigned to 98%, 96% and 100% of individuals. Large full- and half-sibling groups were identified within and across F₁ groups and, overall, only 36% of attempted crosses were represented in the retained fish. Effective population size in the parental group decreased from 27 to 13 when variance in family size was accounted for and to 12.5 when changes in gene diversity (compared to the combined F₁ stocks) were considered. Statistically significant differences in measures of genetic variation were not widely observed between groups (original wild sample, parental group, three F₁ groups and combined F₁). However, the F₁ population shows a 26% decrease in total allele numbers compared to the wild sample. These observations demonstrate the utility of genetic tools in the evaluation of genetic diversity and determination of pedigree during the establishment of new broodstock. They also emphasize the necessity for closely monitoring future matings among these fish and suggest the need to introduce additional genetic variation into this group of Atlantic halibut broodstock.  相似文献   

菜豆新品种哈菜豆9 号的选育     

杨仁健  张丽茁  刘大军  叶永亮  冯国军 《中国蔬菜》2013,1(8):101-103

哈菜豆9 号是以将军油豆为母本,以紫花油豆为父本杂交后经过系谱选育而成的菜豆（油豆角）新品种。蔓生,早熟,从播种到采收60 d（天）左右,前期以基部结荚为主,后期以主蔓结荚为主,生长势中等,花白色,嫩荚绿色带紫晕,扁条形,荚长15 cm、宽3 cm,肉质面,外观商品性好,纤维少,抗炭疽病,一般产量2 200 kg·（667 m ²）^-1 左右,适于保护地栽培。  相似文献   

Pedigree analysis of the Hungarian Thoroughbred population     

Á. Bokor  D. Jónás  B. Ducro  I. Nagy  J. Bokor  M. Szabari 《Livestock Science》2013,151(1):1-10

The aim of the study was to analyse the pedigree information of Thoroughbred horses which were participating in gallop races between 1998 and 2010 in Hungary. Among the 3043 individuals of the reference population there were imported animals from foreign countries (e.g. Germany, England or Ireland) and horses that were born in Hungary. The number of complete generations was 15.64 (varied between 0 for the founders and 25.20), the mean number of full generations was 6.69, and the mean maximum generations were 28.96. The number of founders was 1062, and the effective number of founders was 42. Two hundred and thirty-two founders were born before 1793 (when the stud book of the Thoroughbred breed was closed), therefore these founders are considered as true founders of the breed. These 232 founders were responsible for 88.58% of the gene pool in the reference genome. The significant difference between the number of founders and effective number of founders indicate that the genetic diversity decreased greatly from the founders to the reference population. The number of ancestors was 908 and only 6 of them were responsible for 50% of the genetic diversity in the examined population. The effective number of ancestors was 15.32. From the ratio of the effective number of founders and effective number of ancestors we concluded to a bottleneck effect that characterizes the pedigree under study. Generation interval was more than a year longer for stallions (12.17) than it was for mares (10.64). More than 94% of the individuals in the pedigree were inbred, and the average inbreeding of the population was 9.58%. Considering the changes of the inbreeding status of the examined population 4 large time periods were appointed. The first lasted until 1780, the second period was from 1780 until 1952, the third period was between 1946 and 1998 and the last one was from 1998 until 2008. Rate of inbreeding in the last generation was 0.3%, which forecasts further increase in inbreeding. The effective population size was above 100 in the last 30 generations, proving the genetic diversity did not decrease by a level that would make long-term selection impossible.  相似文献   

Participatory variety development for sorghum in Burkina Faso: Farmers’ selection and farmers’ criteria     

Kirsten vom Brocke  Gilles Trouche  Eva Weltzien  Clarisse P. Barro-Kondombo  Eric Gozé  Jacques Chantereau 《Field Crops Research》2010

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the staple crop of Burkina Faso in West Africa where guinea race landraces are grown in low-input cropping systems. National and international breeding programs have had little success in disseminating modern varieties based on high yield potential caudatum or kafir race breeding materials, mostly introduced from other countries. It has been argued that the breeding objectives were not sufficiently oriented towards the farmers’ needs and preferences, and that they did not target the prevailing growing conditions of Burkina Faso. The objectives of the present article are (i) to identify and examine farmers’ selection criteria for sorghum varieties in the Centre-West of Burkina Faso, (ii) to compare these criteria with the breeder's agronomic observations and standard practices, and (iii) to show how the criteria of both farmers and breeders can be effectively integrated into the early stages of a pedigree breeding program. These objectives take into consideration gender differentiation, consistency of selection criteria and the interrelationship of measured quantitative traits, as well as the impact of these traits and criteria on the final selection. The present paper is based on a pedigree breeding program that was carried out over three years (2001–2003) in two villages of Burkina Faso. Options for integrating farmers’ selection expertise with that of the breeders’ were examined. Participatory selection was initiated with 53 F3/F4 progenies in field trials managed by farmers using rating and voting exercises. The breeders measured and analysed the agronomic data while the farmers evaluated a large number of progenies by means of their three most important selection criteria and a general appreciation. Farmers’ initial choices remained consistent in the selection exercises (voting) performed in subsequent years. The farmers’ methods for defining traits turned out to be more multivariate than the breeders’ formal understanding of these same traits. This was especially so for the criteria of grain quality, earliness, and productivity for which the farmers’ definition encompasses factors such as flour yield and stability across environments. However, rating results between farmer groups were variable. A disagreement between female and male ratings was especially found for the grain quality traits. The results clearly show that farmers can effectively select for traits on the basis of progeny and single plants while pursuing specific agronomic aims such as adaption. Subsequent yield improvement schemes will thus be more efficient in terms of selection intensity related to grain yield. The study is showing the way for breeders to adjust their selection criteria to suit the basic needs of small-scale farmer in semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa.  相似文献   

河南省奶牛生产性能测定数据质量分析(英文)     

张震  任小丽  闫磊  闫跃飞  耿繁军  孙彦琴 《农业科学与技术》2017,18(1)

统计分析河南省奶牛生产性能测定数据,以此建立数据筛选标准,为奶牛遗传评估工作奠定基础。收集河南省奶牛生产性能测定中心2008年1月至2016年4月155 893头中国荷斯坦牛2 152 451条测定记录,使用SAS 9.4软件MEANS过程统计分析测定次数、测定间隔、首次测定泌乳天数、公牛后代女儿数及其分布场数、首次产犊月龄和系谱完整率等指标在不同测定年份和牧场规模的变化,并采用SQL语句筛选出可用于遗传评估的数据。结果表明,2008~2015年,河南省内参加生产性能测定的奶牛个体数由7 379头增加到93 706头,测定日产奶量由19.91 kg增加到24.05 kg,体细胞数则由4.11×105个/ml降低到2.77×105个/ml;泌乳天数在5~305 d的记录占70.92%;测定次数由平均3.20次增加到6.31次;测定间隔由70.22 d下降到33.83 d;首次产犊月龄在25月龄的个体最多,占头胎个体数的12.57%;后代女儿数在20头以上且女儿分布在10个牧场以上的公牛占6.05%;一代系谱完整率为82.54%;筛选后可用于遗传评估的数据占总记录的20.67%,小于其他同类型研究。  相似文献   

山东省玉米骨干自交系间亲缘关系的RAPD分析研究   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

孙世孟  王斌 《作物学报》1999,25(6):727-732

在对山东省玉米生产上应用的12个优良自交系进行RAPD分析的基础上,比较了这些自交系间遗传上相似的程度。研究发现,山东玉米亲本自交系间相似系数高达0.66~0.97,说明它们遗传上关系较近,应当拓宽种质基础,丰富自交系DNA水平上的多样性。以RAPD标记进行的聚类分析,将山东玉米优良自交系分为三大类群：第一大类群是由黄早  相似文献   

Identification of differential broodstock contribution affecting genetic variability in hatchery stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)     

Jose L. Horreo  Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino  Andrew Griffiths  Dylan Bright  Jamie Stevens  Eva Garcia-Vazquez   《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,280(1-4):89-93

Supportive breeding of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is commonly employed to maintain numbers of fish where the species has become locally endangered. Increasingly, one of the main aims of population management is the preservation of natural genetic diversity. If the stocks employed in supportive breeding exhibit reduced variation they can alter the natural pattern of genetic variation observed in wild populations. In northern Spain, wild adult salmon are caught every year from local rivers and artificially crossed in order to create supportive stocks. The offspring are hatchery reared until the juvenile stage, then released into the same river where their parents were caught. In the current study, our findings demonstrate that although adult broodstock exhibit a pattern of variation similar to the wild populations, variability at microsatellite loci was drastically reduced in the juveniles released into one of three rivers analyzed. The contribution of broodstock to this juvenile stock was examined by pedigree analysis. A restricted number of females contributing to the hatchery stock was identified as the main cause of loss in genetic variation, possibly due to overmaturity of some multi-sea-winter females. We suggest that better monitoring and control of parental contribution will help in solving the problem of loss of genetic diversity in hatchery populations.  相似文献   

水稻光温敏雄性核不育系的系谱分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

斯华敏  付亚萍  刘文真  孙宗修  胡国成 《作物学报》2012,38(3):394-407

近年来, 我国两系杂交水稻快速发展, 截止2010年底, 共有427个两系组合通过审定。两系杂交水稻已经奠定了在我国水稻生产中的重要地位, 而光温敏核不育系是两系杂交水稻的基础。本文从实用性角度研究了1994年以来通过审定和获得新品种保护权的两系组合所涉及的130个光温敏核不育系, 分析了光温敏核不育系的基本来源和其中126个不育系的系谱。以原始光温敏核不育系为起点演绎了不育系之间的衍生关系, 介绍了大面积应用及获得新品种保护权的73个不育系的系谱, 归纳了新光温敏核不育系的育成途径。讨论了不育系育性转换的光温反应类型与其核不育基因来源的关系。提出利用光温敏核不育系开展分子生物学研究过程中, 有必要通过系谱分析不育系之间的衍生关系, 对不育系材料进行有针对性的选择。强调了促进光温敏核不育资源的开放与共享, 对加快实用性光温敏核不育系的选育, 积极应对两系杂交稻制种环境的变化具有重要的意义。  相似文献