肉牛源细极链格孢菌的分离鉴定     

彭彦  杨超  姜尧章  马晓平  申纪饶  胡静  古玉  彭广能  钟志军  左之才 《中国预防兽医学报》2020,(1):80-83,93

为鉴定肉牛皮肤病病原及其致病性并筛选其敏感药物,本研究取患皮肤病肉牛病变部位皮屑、毛发和痂皮进行病原菌的分离,并对分离菌株进行了形态学鉴定、ITS序列分析、小鼠致病性试验和药敏试验。结果显示分离到1株形态特征与细极链格孢菌极其相似的菌株(PY2-1-2);经PCR扩增、测序和BLAST序列比对,结果显示分离株(PY2-1-2)的ITS基因序列与细极链格孢菌(MG975630.1)的ITS基因序列的相似性为99%,分离株PY2-1-2的ITS基因序列长度为543 bp,该片段包括ITS1、5.8S rDNA和ITS2的全部基因序列以及18S rDNA和28S rDNA的部分基因序列,提交GenBank(MH656780.1)。根据形态学结合ITS基因序列分析结果确定该分离株为细极链格孢菌。小鼠致病性试验结果显示该菌对小鼠有致病性。药敏试验结果显示:该菌对灰黄霉素、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、酮康唑的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值分别为0.5μg/mL、4μg/mL、1μg/mL、1μg/mL。本研究为今后进一步探究细极链格孢菌引起的皮肤病诊治提供科学有效的参考。  相似文献   

茶树空中压条不定根原基发育影响因子研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李丰  张丽霞 《山东农业科学》2011,(9):41-44

为了筛选出促使茶树茎段空中压条后发根的最佳技术方案,研究了成熟度、外施激素浓度、枝梢茎粗以及环割方式对根原基发育的影响.结果表明:选择生长健壮、茎粗为0.252 ～0.280 cm的当年生枝条,在黄绿色或青绿色茎段处进行传统环割,外用100 mg/L的ABT 1号生根粉处理,能有效缩短根原基发育周期.经过40～50 d...  相似文献   

Single layer centrifugation of stallion spermatozoa consistently selects the most robust spermatozoa from the rest of the ejaculate in a large sample size     

J. M. MORRELL  H. RODRIGUEZ‐MARTINEZ  A. JOHANNISSON 《Equine veterinary journal》2010,42(7):579-585

Reasons for performing study: An improvement in sperm quality after single layer centrifugation (SLC) has been seen in previous studies using small sample sizes (for example, n = 10 stallions). There is a need to investigate whether this improvement is repeatable over several breeding seasons with a larger number of stallions (n ≥ 30 stallions). Objective: To make a retrospective analysis of the results of SLC performed on more than 250 sperm samples (176 ejaculates) from 31 stallions in 3 consecutive breeding seasons. Methods: Sperm quality (motility, proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa and the proportion of spermatozoa with undamaged chromatin) was assessed before and after SLC. Results: All parameters of sperm quality examined were significantly better in sperm samples after SLC than in their unselected counterparts (P<0.001 for each parameter). The yield of spermatozoa obtained after SLC was influenced by the type of extender used and also by the concentration of spermatozoa in the original ejaculate, with fewer spermatozoa being recovered when the loading dose contained a high concentration of spermatozoa. The optimal concentration was approximately 100 × 10⁶/ml. Sperm concentration in the samples loaded on to the colloid influenced the sperm yield while the type of semen extender affected sperm quality and survival. Furthermore, the scaled‐up SLC method was found to be suitable for use with a range of ejaculates, with similar sperm kinematics being observed for standard and scaled‐up preparations. Conclusions: SLC consistently improved the quality of stallion sperm samples from a large number of ejaculates. The method could be scaled‐up, allowing larger volumes of ejaculate to be processed easily from a wide range of stallions.  相似文献   

Assessment of age-related morphological changes in the testes of post-hatch light ecotype Nigerian indigenous chicken     

Anietie Francis Udoumoh  Udensi Maduabuchi Igwebuike  Chidozie Nwabuisi Okoye  Ugochukwu Michael Ugwu  Chike Fidelis Oguejiofor 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(3):459-466

The age-related morphological changes of the testes in light ecotype Nigerian indigenous chicken were evaluated in this study using gross anatomical, histological and histomorphometric techniques. The results showed that the testes of 3- to 9-month-old birds were light pink while testes of sexually mature chicken were creamy white in colour. The left and right testicular weight, length, diameter, circumference and the organosomatic indices increased significantly (p < .05) with increasing age across the groups. Although the mean tubular diameter and epithelial height of the left and right seminiferous tubules increased significantly (p < .05) with age, the tubular diameter, epithelial height and luminal diameter did not vary significantly (p > .05) between the left and right testes of all the groups. The one-cell layer thick germinal epithelium of the left testes at 3 to 6 months old showed islands of cell proliferation that contained spermatogonia and spermatocytes. At 6 to 9 months, the left testes exhibited numerous early spermatids with occasional occurrence of late stage spermatids while the right testes showed scanty early stage spermatids. At 12 to 18 months, the germinal epithelia of both left and right testes were characterized by the presence of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, numerous early and late stage spermatids as well as spermatozoa. In conclusion, the morphological features highlighted in the present study show that at pre-pubertal periods, the left testes may develop faster than the right testes. However, both left and right testes may participate actively in the production of spermatozoa during the post-pubertal life.  相似文献   

不同根颈直径苜蓿生理生化特性对低温胁迫的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱爱民  黄卫丽  韩国栋  张玉霞  王显国  武倩 《草地学报》2021,29(10):2214-2220

为了探究不同颈粗苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）的抗寒性与其根颈中生理生化特性的关系。以‘公农1号’紫花苜蓿为试验材料,对不同颈粗（3.50 mm,5.25 mm,7.00 mm）苜蓿根系进行低温胁迫（4℃,-10℃,-15℃,-20℃）处理,测定了苜蓿根颈活力、非结构碳氮含量和抗氧化酶活性。结果表明：低温胁迫对苜蓿根颈活力、非结构碳氮含量、非结构碳氮比（Cnstructured carbon nitrogen ratio,C/N）及过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）活性均有极显著影响（P<0.01）;随低温胁迫的增加不同颈粗的苜蓿根颈活力均降低,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均呈增加-降低-增加的变化,淀粉含量、C/N和CAT活性均呈先增加后降低的趋势;苜蓿根颈活力大小与根颈中可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、CAT活性及C/N显著相关（P<0.05）。研究认为,根颈直径大的苜蓿抗寒性较强,其通过调控根颈中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和CAT活性及C/N以适应低温胁迫。  相似文献   

Growth and morphologic response of rumen methanogenic archaea and bacteria to cashew nut shell liquid and its alkylphenol components     

Makimi Wakai  Shusuke Hayashi  Yuko Chiba  Satoshi Koike  Kyo Nagashima  Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13598

The growth and morphology of rumen methanogenic archaea (15 strains of 10 species in 5 genera, including 7 strains newly isolated in the present study) and bacteria (14 species in 12 genera) were investigated using unsupplemented in vitro pure cultures and cultures supplemented with cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and its phenolic compound components, anti-methanogenic agents for ruminant animals. Growth of most of the methanogens tested was inhibited by CNSL and alkylphenols at different concentrations ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 μg/ml. Of the alkylphenols tested, anacardic acid exhibited the most potent growth inhibition. Three gram-negative bacterial species involved in propionate production were resistant to CNSL and alkylphenols (>50 μg/ml). All the methanogens and bacteria that were sensitive to CNSL and alkylphenols exhibited altered morphology; disruption of the cell surface was notable, possibly due to surfactant activity of the tested materials. Cells division was inhibited in some organisms, with cell elongation and unclear septum formation observed. These results indicate that CNSL and alkylphenols, particularly anacardic acid, inhibit both rumen bacteria and methanogens in a selective manner, which could help mitigate rumen methane generation.  相似文献   

不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响     

张丽萍  王建烽  李真真  雷琼  党浩千  刘庆华 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(2):501-508

本试验旨在研究不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响。试验选用200只健康、体重接近的断奶福建黄兔,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。4组分别饲喂由添加比例为25%的苜蓿草粉、甜菜渣、燕麦草、大麦糠为纤维饲料原料配制而成的饲粮。试验期为60 d,于试验第54天以全收粪法进行消化试验,屠宰后测定十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度及二者比值,盲肠纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶活性。结果表明：①苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、不溶性纤维（IDF）、可溶性纤维（SDF）的消化率均极显著高于大麦糠与燕麦草组（P<0.01）。其中,甜菜渣组不溶性纤维、可溶性纤维的消化率最高,与苜蓿草粉组差异显著（P<0.05）。②苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的绒毛高度极显著高于大麦糠组（P<0.01）,但显著低于燕麦草组（P<0.05）,隐窝深度显著低于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.05）,其中甜菜渣组隐窝深度最低。甜菜渣组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）最高,极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）。③苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组盲肠3种纤维消化酶活性均极显著高于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.01）,其中甜菜渣组的3种酶活均极显著高于苜蓿草粉组（P<0.01）。综上所述,对比4种纤维饲粮,在饲粮配方中添加25%的甜菜渣能提高肉兔的表观消化率与盲肠纤维消化酶活性,并能改善十二指肠组织形态。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance,intestinal morphology,non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets          下载免费PDF全文

Jiatao Zhu  Xiaoxue Pang  Zhengfeng Fang  Yan Lin  Lianqiang Che  Shengyu Xu  Jian Li  Yiming Huang  Xiang Su  De Wu 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(3):411-418

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.  相似文献   

The influence of polyphenol rich apple pomace or red-wine pomace diet on the gut morphology in weaning piglets     

Sehm J  Lindermayer H  Dummer C  Treutter D  Pfaffl MW 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2007,91(7-8):289-296

Alternative food ingredients, e.g. secondary plant compounds, are discussed to have beneficial effects and improve gut health. In this study, the effect of three different diets - normal piglets starter without additives, with apple pomace or with red-wine pomace - on the intestinal morphology was investigated from 3 days prior to weaning to 4 weeks post-weaning. At five time points, six piglets from each treatment group were slaughtered; at first time point only six animals from control group were slaughtered. Villus height, crypt depth and breadth of villi and crypts were determined in the jejunum, ileum and colon in 78 piglets. Additionally, the area of the Peyer's patches in the ileum was measured. In jejunum (p < 0.01) and ileum (p < 0.001) the villus length in the control group decreased after weaning but increased over the entire feeding experiment (p < 0.001). In the two-pomace groups, no decrease was measured after weaning. In jejunum, an increase in villi breadth occurred, 73% in the control group and approximately 10% in both treatment groups. A 35% increase was found in the ileum in all groups. Peyer's patches area increased approximately 21% in the control group over 26 days of treatment, whereas in other groups no significant differences were found. Different polyphenol rich pomaces have diverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Red-wine pomace has an inhibitory effect on the jejunum villi growth, whereas apple and red-wine pomace have stimulating effect on crypt size in piglet colon. Apple and red-wine pomace can reduce the GALT activation via the Peyer's patches in the ileum. In conclusion, the flavanoids rich feeding regimen showed positive effects on villi morphology, GALT activation and can improve pig health.  相似文献   

灌木抗旱机理研究   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

邵麟惠  于应文  张德罡 《草业科学》2007,24(3):22-27

从灌木生长性状、形态结构、细胞质膜透性、光合、渗透调节(可溶性糖、脯氨酸、甜菜碱和无机离子)、ABA和LEA蛋白变化及其与灌木抗旱性的关系方面,综述了灌木抗旱机理研究.  相似文献