Effect of Rhizodegradation in Diesel-Contaminated Soil Under Different Soil Conditions     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(1):105-111

Abstract

In Order To Develop A Cultivation Technique For The Practical Use of Phytoremediation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil, We Evaluated The Rhizodegradation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil Using Italian Ryegrass. Experiments Were Conducted Under Two Different Soil Conditions That Were Expected To Reduce The influence of Diesel On The Plant. Under The First Condition, The initial Diesel Concentration Which Is Expressed in The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (Tph) Concentration Was Set To 0.80%. The Concentration Was Almost Half The Upper Limit For The Growth of Italian Ryegrass. Under The Second Condition, Zeolite Was Added To The Experimental Soil To Improve The Cation Exchange Capacity (Cec). in 152 Days Experiments, We Evaluated The Plant Growth Variables, Tph Concentration, Soil Dehydrogenase Activity (Dha) That Is Reflective of The Rhizosphere Microbial Activity, And The Aerobic Bacterial Count. The Results Suggest That The Tph Concentration in First Condition (0.80%) Could Not Bring About A Significant Recovery of Plant Growth. The Plant Growth Observed in First Condition Was Equal To ThatObserved in The Case of The Upper Limit Tph Concentration Used in Our Previous Study. However, Under The Second Condition,It Is Suggested That The Addition of Zeolite Could increase Plant Growth, Which Can in Turn Improve The Rhizodegradation Effect.  相似文献   

Effects of Soil Temperature on Growth and Root Function in Rice     

《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):235-242

Abstract

The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of soil temperature in the stage from late tillering to panicle initiation (SI) and during the grain-filling stage (SII) on grain setting, dry matter production, photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC), xylem exudation and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari). Rice plants were exposed to four different soil temperatures during SI or SII: 17.5, 25, 31.5 and 36.5°C (ST18, ST25, ST32 and ST37, respectively). The yield, yield components, grain filling and quality in SI were negatively influenced by high soil temperature of 37°C. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in those characters among temperature treatments in SII. The root/shoot ratio was smallest in the ST37 plants in both SI and SII, mainly due to their lighter root weight. At 7 days after initiation of treatment (DAT) in both SI and SII, the photosynthetic and xylem exudation rate tended to increase slightly as soil temperature increased up to 32°C. At 21 DAT, however, the photosynthetic rate was lowest in ST37, with concurrent decrease of diffusion conductance and SPAD value. In addition, decrease of NSC concentration in stem and xylem exudation rate, and increase of ABA level in leaves and xylem exudate were observed in ST37 plants at 21 DAT. These results suggested that high soil temperature before heading especially influenced yield, grain quality and plant growth. Possible mechanisms of the effect of soil temperature are discussed.  相似文献   

CIMMYT牧草与普通玉米杂交后植物学形态变异研究     

张兴端  霍仕平  向振凡  张健  晏庆九  余志江  张芳魁  何平  秦世明 《勤云标准版测试》2009,29(16)

[研究目的]为发掘利用CIMMYT牧草生长繁茂和抗逆能力强等优良遗传特性,改良普通玉米材料的抗逆性和创制新型饲草材料.[方法]以CIMMYT牧草和4个普通玉米自交系为遗传交配材料,比较研究了CIMMYT牧草和4个杂交(回交)后代材料的植物学形态特征及其与普通玉米的差异.[结果]CIMMYT牧草能将其生长繁茂、分蘖力强、生物产量高的特性遗传给杂交后代材料,并有较强的世代传递能力;该牧草幼苗、植株及其生长习性、花器官、种子特征等与普通玉米差异明显,其与普通玉米的杂交后代基本保持了它的生长发育特性,但花器官和种子特征更偏向于普通玉米;回交后代除保持了一定的分蘖特性、明显的多穗和返祖现象外,其余特征特性与普通玉米基本没有区别.[结论] CIMMYT牧草生长繁茂和生物产量高的特性能遗传给杂交后代,世代传递能力较强,通过遗传改良途径,能将CIM-MYT牧草的优良特性转育到普通玉米中,培育出饲草玉米育种新材料.  相似文献   

沙棘次生根贮水与根皮层细胞的超微结构研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭陈刚魏志敏  张吉科贾建明 王新玉 《华北农学报》2007,22(B10):139-142

通过直接测量沙棘次生根鲜质量和吸水后质量以及次生根直径和皮层厚度，并与小叶杨做对照研究了沙棘次生根皮层贮水功能，结果表明，沙棘根系贮水组织主要是沙棘次生根皮层。还用透射电镜观察了沙棘次生根皮层细胞超微结构，结果表明，沙棘次生根皮层细胞的中央液泡化是蓄贮水分的场所，具活力的细胞质环带是水分蓄释的调控中心，庞大的线粒体群是水分蓄释的动力，质膜与胞间层的液泡系与吞噬泡以其表面特有的功能单位为信号调控着水分、物质的胞间交换，细胞中某些不明贮藏物可能起着渗透调节功能。沙棘耐旱的机理是次生根生理贮水，节约用水，耐旱程度与根部蓄水量有关。沙棘是一种生活型的适应旱生植物。  相似文献   

信息时代的社会形态     

陶林实  王莉莉 《农业图书情报学刊》2007,19(5):113-117

重新对信息社会的特征进行介绍,以期人们对其引起重视,使我们的思想对策和体制适应信息社会的操作运行。  相似文献   

鸡气囊的形态学研究     

马鲜平 《现代农业科学》2009,(6):169-170

采用解剖剥离法和灌注腐蚀法，对鸡气囊的形态学特征进行了研究。结果表明：鸡有8个气囊，包括单一的颈气囊（伸出脊柱内号状憩室和外管状憩室）、锁骨气囊（伸出正中憩室、前外侧憩室、胸心憩室、胸外憩室）和成对的前胸气囊、后胸气囊、腹气囊（伸出3对肾周憩室、股憩室、闭孔憩室、坐骨憩室）。前胸气囊较后胸气囊大，左腹气囊较右腹气囊大。鸡气囊无明显的性别差异，但气囊在不同的禽种中存在差异。  相似文献   

菘蓝根腐病菌毒素最适浓度的筛选及其对菘蓝幼苗可溶性蛋白的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈桂平  客绍英  陈玉芹 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(33):16392-16394

［目的］为深入研究菘蓝对根腐病的抗性机制提供理论依据。［方法］采用不同浓度菘蓝根腐病菌毒素处理菘蓝幼苗，筛选最适处理浓度；对最适浓度毒素处理过的菘蓝幼苗的外部形态进行鉴定，并测定其可溶性蛋白的含量。［结果］稀释10、20倍毒素处理过的菘蓝幼苗在试验期间全部萎蔫死亡，稀释40、50倍毒素处理过的菘蓝幼苗在试验期间大部分无病变现象，稀释30倍毒素处理过的菘蓝幼苗病变现象明显，处理72 h后50%幼苗萎蔫死亡。经稀释30倍毒素处理的菘蓝幼苗可溶性蛋白的谱带大体相同，但也出现了个别特异性条带；经毒素处理的样品蛋白条带数多于对照，且染色较深。［结论］菘蓝根腐病菌毒素的筛选压力以稀释30倍最好。  相似文献   

柴达木地区新疆杨扦插育苗试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

白生宏  樊光辉 《青海农林科技》2009,(4):62-63

通过新疆杨插穗催根不同处理方法和扦插时间对比试验,总结出柴达木地区新疆杨扦插育苗过程中最佳的插穗催根方法和扦插时间。  相似文献   

蒙古黄芪根腐病病原鉴定及防治药剂室内筛选     

马桂花  段晓明  徐文华  周渊涛  马海霞  马伟丽  祁鹤兴 《草地学报》2022,30(5):1122-1130

为鉴定青海省民和地区蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceusvar.mongholicus)根腐病病原菌及筛选防治该病害的有效杀菌剂,本研究基于形态学特征、rDNA-ITS,TEF-1α和RPB2序列分析对蒙古黄芪根腐病病原进行鉴定,并利用菌丝生长速率法测定8种杀菌剂对病原菌的抑制作用。结果发现,引起黄芪根腐病的病原菌为腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium soani)、逗号镰刀菌(F.virguliforme)、木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)和锐顶镰刀菌(F.acuminatum)。室内药剂试验表明硅唑·咪鲜胺对4种镰刀菌的抑制作用最好,EC₅₀在0.195~0.588 mg·L^-1之间;多菌灵对腐皮镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌和锐顶镰刀菌的抑制作用较强,EC₅₀在0.113~0.869 mg·L^-1之间;咯菌腈对逗号镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌和锐顶镰刀菌的抑制作用较强,EC₅₀在0.153~0.390 mg·L^-1之间;甲基硫菌灵、噁霉灵、溴菌腈和石硫合剂对4种镰刀菌的抑制作用较差,EC₅₀在1.018~4.360 mg·L^-1之间。试验结果为生产上合理选用杀菌剂防治黄芪根腐病提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

3种圭亚那柱花草根系分泌物对杂草幼苗生长的影响     

王俐媛  王坚  丁西朋  欧芳秀  李佳旭  李雪枫 《草地学报》2022,30(6):1500-1508

为明确3种圭亚那柱花草（Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.）（‘热研2号’、‘热研5号’和热研21号）的根系分泌物对杂草生长的化感效应,采用营养液培法分别收集其根系分泌物,研究其对5种外来入侵杂草幼苗形态特征及生物量分配的影响。结果表明,除对含羞草（Mimosa pudica L.）幼苗无显著影响外,3种圭亚那柱花草对其余4种杂草的总化感综合效应均为抑制作用。‘热研5号’柱花草对杂草幼苗生长的化感抑制效应强于其他二者,对蒺藜草（Cenchrus echinatus L.）幼苗的根长、株高、地下生物量、地上生物量、总生物量和根冠比均有显著抑制效应（P<0.05）,对羽芒菊（Tridax procumbens L.）幼苗的侧根数、地下生物量和根冠比有显著抑制效应（P<0.05）,也显著抑制假臭草（Eupatorium catarium V.）幼苗的生物量向地下分配（P<0.05）,仅对鬼针草（Bidens pilosa L.）幼苗的抑制效应相对较弱。灰色关联分析表明,进行圭亚那柱花草的化感效应研究中应重点关注总生物量、地上生物量和株高。由此推测,3种圭亚那柱花草品种中,‘热研5号’柱花草具有防控外来入侵杂草的潜力。  相似文献