家用生物质气化炉市场现状与技术发展     

杨扬 《湖南农机》2009,(3):37-39

生物质能是很好的替代能源,因而生物质气化技术的开发利用及相关设备的研制得到许多国家和企业的重视。近几年,我国生物质气化技术开发利用与推广力度较大,特别是家用生物质气化炉涌向农村市场。但现用户对家用生物质气化炉产品褒贬不一,技术推广的难点是燃气热值低、焦油含量高以及使用操作繁杂。因此,发展家用生物质气化炉要正确宣传引导、加强技术培训,特别是要开发产气稳定、燃料利用率高、结构简单、操作方便、价格低廉且使用安全可靠的产品。  相似文献   

北方半湿润滨海地区海水养殖废水灌溉菊芋研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵耕毛  刘兆普  张博  王建绪 《灌溉排水学报》2009,28(2)

2007年3~10月,在山东莱州海洋863中试基地,研究了海水养殖废水灌溉条件下,耐盐能源植物菊芋的盐胁迫响应以及对氮、磷的吸收利用机制。结果表明:海水养殖废水灌溉条件下,菊芋地上部生物量(茎、叶)随着灌溉水盐度(S)的增加明显下降,盐度为9.46 g/L的养殖废水处理生物量仅为淡水处理(CK2)的62.5%;地下部生物量(根、块茎)与盐度之间的关系符合一元二次方程曲线,且当盐度为3.83 g/L时,地下部生物量取得最大值(0.205 kg/株)。养殖废水处理菊芋地上部氮浓度明显低于淡水处理,地下部则各灌溉水处理间氮浓度没有明显差异;磷浓度地上部各灌溉水处理间没有明显差异,但地下部养殖废水灌溉处理明显高于淡水处理,表明海水养殖废水灌溉可以促进菊芋对磷的吸收,但氮利用受到显著影响。通过氮、磷通量计算,进一步证实了这一结果。  相似文献   

葡萄枝条中淀粉粒形态结构与抗寒力的关系   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王丽雪  张福仁  李荣富  梁艳荣  刘艳 《园艺学报》2000,27(2):85-89

扫描电镜观察结果表明,越冬期间葡萄枝条组织细胞中淀粉粒的大小、积累数量和转化动态规律与抗寒力密切相关,主要表现为抗寒种类或品种的淀粉粒小,积累早而数量多,水解晚但速度快而较彻底;同一品种采用嫁接栽培可明显增加枝条中淀粉的积累数量,有利于枝芽成熟和越冬。  相似文献   

Root architecture of sorghum genotypes differing in root angles under different water regimes     

Xi Liang  John E. Erickson  Wilfred Vermerris  Diane L. Rowland  Lynn E. Sollenberger  Maria L. Silveira 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(1):39-55

Plant root architecture offers the potential for increasing soil water accessibility, particularly under water-limited conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the root architecture in two genotypes of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) differing in root angles and to assess the influence of different deficit irrigation regimes on root architecture. The response of two sorghum genotypes, ‘Early Hegari-Sart’ (EH; steep root angle) and ‘Bk7’ (shallow root angle) to four irrigation treatments was investigated in two replicated outdoor studies using large pots. The results indicated that EH possessed steeper brace and crown root angles, fewer brace roots, greater root biomass, and root length density than Bk7 at deeper soil depths (i.e., 15–30 and 30–45 cm) compared with a shallower depth (i.e., 0–15 cm). Across the soil profile, EH had greater root length density and length of roots of small diameter (<1 mm) than Bk7. Accordingly, EH showed more rapid soil-water capture than Bk7. Different levels of irrigation input greatly affected root architecture. Severe deficit irrigation (25% of full crop transpiration throughout the season) increased the angle and number of crown roots, root biomass, and root length density compared with 75 and 100% of full crop transpiration treatments. Consequently, root system architecture can be effectively manipulated through both genotypic selection and irrigation management to ensure optimal performance under different levels of soil available water.  相似文献   

Impact of land‐use intensity on the relationships between vegetation indices,photosynthesis and biomass of intensively and extensively managed grassland fens          下载免费PDF全文

C. M. H. Metzger  J. Heinichen  T. Eickenscheidt  M. Drösler 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(1):50-63

Vegetation indices are widely used as model inputs and for non‐destructive estimation of biomass and photosynthesis, but there have been few validation studies of the underlying relationships. To test their applicability on temperate fens and the impact of management intensity, we investigated the relationships between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), brown and green above‐ground biomass and photosynthesis potential (PP). Only the linear relationship between NDVI and PP was management independent (R² = 0·53). LAI to PP was described by a site‐specific and negative logarithmic function (R² = 0·07–0·68). The hyperbolic relationship of LAI versus NDVI showed a high residual standard error (s.e.) of 1·71–1·84 and differed between extensive and intensive meadows. Biomass and LAI correlated poorly (R² = 0·30), with high species‐specific variability. Intensive meadows had a higher ratio of LAI to biomass than extensive grasslands. The fraction of green to total biomass versus NDVI showed considerable noise (s.e. = 0·13). These relationships were relatively weak compared with results from other ecosystems. A likely explanation could be the high amount of standing litter, which was unevenly distributed within the vegetation canopy depending on the season and on the timing of cutting events. Our results show there is high uncertainty in the application of the relationships on temperate fen meadows. For reliable estimations, management intensity needs to be taken into account and several direct measurements throughout the year are required for site‐specific correction of the relationships, especially under extensive management. Using NDVI instead of LAI could reduce uncertainty in photosynthesis models.  相似文献   

生物质热解气燃烧装置设计与燃烧特性试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚宗路  仉利  赵立欣  贾吉秀  丛宏斌  胡二峰 《农业机械学报》2017,48(12):299-305

针对目前生物质热解气中焦油去除困难、焦油能量难以利用等问题,结合现有燃气燃烧器相关技术,开展了生物质热解气直接燃烧技术研究与试验。燃烧器理论耗气量为2~5 m~3/h,通过理论计算确定了燃烧器参数,设计了卧式燃烧室并安装烟气催化裂解装置及烟气检测装置,搭建了热解气燃烧试验平台,并对热解气的燃烧特性进行了试验研究。以花生壳为原料,在碳化温度500℃、滞留时间30 min的条件下进行连续热解碳化,产生的高温热解气直接通入燃烧设备。结果表明,燃烧设备性能较好,热解气燃烧过程稳定,燃烧效率达到98.5%,在催化剂的作用下,燃烧效率提高到98.9%,满足设计要求。  相似文献   

杂交狼尾草作为能源植物的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

温海峰  范希峰  朱毅  滕文军  韩壮  侯新村 《中国农学通报》2017,33(3):99-104

杂交狼尾草(Pennisetum americahum×P.Purpureum)系美洲狼尾草(P.americahum)与象草(P.Purpureum)的种间杂交种,是多年生高大C4草本植物,已作为造纸、饲料原料等被广泛应用,是中国有前景的非粮能源植物之一。笔者以非粮生物质原料生产和生物质转化利用为中心,针对杂交狼尾草的生物学特征、遗传特性与良种选育、产量、品质特征和生物质转化利用、生态适应能力和生态效益、栽培及管理技术等方面的研究进展和存在的问题进行了详细阐述,并展望杂交狼尾草作为能源植物的研发前景。认为虽然杂交狼尾草存在对土壤条件要求高、在北方地区不能越冬等缺点,但较其他能源植物具有显著的产量优势,在条件较好的边际土地和污染农田上具有广阔的利用前景。  相似文献   

生物有机液体混合肥对甜高粱根系形态特征的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

徐伟洲  史雷  王小林  刘翠英  刘琼  亢福仁＊ 《中国农学通报》2017,33(16):12-18

为揭示生物液体有机混合肥对陕北农牧交错区青贮饲草作物根系形态特征的影响,通过盆栽控制试验,以甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor L.)为材料,设置不同浓度的生物活性水(BMW)(B1、B2、B3和B4)和Aidoora溶液(A1、A2和A3)处理,并测定甜高粱幼苗期的根系形态特征。结果表明:在大多数单一液体肥和混合液体肥下,甜高粱的根系生物量(RB)、根冠比(RSR)、根系体积(RV)、总根长(TRL)、根系表面积(RSA)、平均根直径(RAD)、比根长(SRL)和比根面积(SRA)均显著高于CK,表明BMW和Aidoora溶液有利于促进甜高粱苗期根系生物量积累和根系吸收能力;甜高粱的RB、TRL和RSA两两间均呈明显的正相关关系,表明根系表面积和总根长均随着根系生物量的升高而增加。综上分析表明,B3A2和B3A3相对于其他BMW和Aidoora混合液体肥,有利于促进甜高粱幼苗根系生物量积累和根系形态建成。  相似文献   

土壤水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿光合特性及其生物量的影响     

刘军  齐广平  康燕霞  马彦麟  栗志 《干旱区研究》2019,36(4):893-900

紫花苜蓿是我国重要的豆科牧草,具有较强的抗旱能力,而水分亏缺是影响其产量的主要逆境因子之一。通过大田试验对不同水分胁迫下紫花苜蓿的光合特性及产量进行研究,结果表明:①土壤水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿光响应参数影响显著(P<0.05),随着水分胁迫的加剧,最大净光合速率、表观量子效率、光饱和点逐渐降低,暗呼吸速率、光补偿点逐渐升高,从而直接影响紫花苜蓿光合作用对弱光的吸收和转化效率。②随着水分胁迫的加剧紫花苜蓿叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)呈显著的下降趋势,气孔导度(Gs)呈先下降后上升的趋势,表明轻度水分胁迫下气孔因素是Pn下降的主要因素,中度和重度水分胁迫下非气孔因素是Pn降低的主要因素。③当光合有效辐射(PAR)为1200μmol·m^-2·s^-1时,轻度水分胁迫的水分利用效率(WUE)显著大于充分灌溉的WUE(P<0.05),表明适度水分胁迫可提高紫花苜蓿叶片的水分利用效率。④轻度水分胁迫与充分灌溉干草产量之间无显著差异,表明轻度水分胁迫能达到高产节水的目的。  相似文献   

Effects of selective cutting and timing of herbicide application on growth and development of Cirsium arvense in spring barley     

V J Tavaziva  A Lundkvist  T Verwijst 《Weed Research》2019,59(5):349-356

Recently, a new implement for controlling weeds in cereals (CombCut) has been developed. It cuts weeds in growing cereals without damaging them by using the physical differences (in height, stem thickness, straw stiffness and branching pattern) between crops and weeds. To evaluate and compare the effects of selective cutting with different timings of herbicide application on Cirsium arvense in spring barley, a randomised block experiment was conducted in Sweden in 2015–2017, in a field with a naturally occurring C. arvense population. Treatments consisted of control (C), herbicide application at 4–5‐leaf stage of C. arvense (H1), herbicide application at 8–10‐leaf stage (H2) and selective cutting at 10‐leaf stage (S). The treatments were performed in 2015 and repeated in 2016 in the same plots, and a final evaluation was performed in 2017. Compared to the control, S, H1 and H2 were equally efficient in reducing above‐ground biomass production of C. arvense and increasing spring barley grain yield per unit area. The number of C. arvense shoots per area was, however, higher in S compared to H1 and H2. No differences in control effects on shoot number were observed between H1 and H2. Our study indicates that (i) selective cutting (S) reduces C. arvense equally efficient as herbicide application and (ii) early herbicide spraying is as efficient as spraying later in the season.  相似文献