紫花苜蓿主根内非结构性碳水化合物累积及其与抗寒性的关系     

刘香萍  崔国文  李国良  杜广明 《中国草地学报》2010,32(2)

以国内外5个不同紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,测定当年植株人工冷冻胁迫处理前后的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)累积情况,以人工控温后的再生长率为衡量指标,研究NSC累积情况与抗寒性的关系及冷冻前后的NSC累积情况。结果表明,秋季主根内可溶性糖积累浓度显著正相关于各品种的冻后再生长率(R=0.936,P0.01);淀粉浓度则与抗寒性间呈显著负相关(R=-0.880,P0.05),且根部淀粉累积总量显著负相关于其抗寒性(R=-0.923,P0.05);人工冷冻过程中伴随各苜蓿品种主根内淀粉浓度下降糖浓度升高,两者存在动态平衡。在苜蓿冷冻后返青生长过程中,主根内总非结构性碳水化合物(TNC)浓度下降。  相似文献   

The tryptophan-rich domain of puroindoline is directly associated with the starch granule surface as judged by tryptic shaving and mass spectrometry     

M.L. Wall  H.L. Wheeler  M.P. Huebsch  J.C. Smith  D. Figeys  I. Altosaar 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010

The starch granule surface is a frontline of microbial attack and defence, operating in the background of normal starch granule metabolism. Puroindoline, a wheat protein which binds starch granule surfaces, contains a unique tryptophan-rich domain likely responsible for this property, though direct evidence is lacking. To test puroindoline’s tight association, prime starch granule extracts were water-washed 8 or 20 times and residual puroindoline removed using a solution of 50% isopropanol/50 mM NaCl. We found that this solvent was consistent in the amount of protein extracted from wheat flour and washed starch, regardless of initial protein content. Relative quantification of puroindoline following water-washing was performed using dot blot. Washing more than 8 times did not further reduce puroindoline content of starch granules suggesting a strong association with the starch granule surface. To identify the tryptophan-rich domain tightly associated with the starch granule surface, a combination of in situ tryptic digestion and mass spectrometry was used. Following digestion and water-washing, 50% isopropanol/50 mM NaCl was used to remove tightly-associated peptides for identification by mass spectrometry. Using this method, we identified the tryptophan-rich domain of puroindoline directly bound to the starch granule surface of wheat.  相似文献   

Puroindoline genotype,starch granule size distribution and milling quality of wheat     

M.A. Edwards  B.G. Osborne  R.J. Henry 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010

Genetically-diverse wheat samples from the Australian Winter Cereals Collection propagated in two environments were sequenced to identify puroindoline genotypes then the relationships between flour yield, genotype, starch granule size distribution and starch-bound puroindoline protein content were investigated. The Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1b genotype resulted in a higher average flour yield than either the Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1a or the Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1a but the ranges of flour yields for the three genotypes showed considerable overlap. For both hard wheat genotypes (Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1b or Pina-D1b, Pinb-D1a), a higher proportion of type A to type C starch granules was associated with higher flour yield and this relationship accounted for between 31% and 33% of the variation in flour yield. This result is consistent with previously reported findings for soft wheat. For the Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1b genotype, increased flour yield was also associated with a decrease in starch granule-bound puroindoline protein, which accounted for 31–35% of the variation in flour yield across the two environments. The combined effect of starch granule type and associated puroindoline content accounted for 68% of the variation in flour yield within the Pina-D1a, Pinb-D1b genotype.  相似文献   

Grain composition of Virginia winter barley and implications for use in feed,food, and biofuels production   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carl Griffey  Wynse Brooks  Michael Kurantz  Wade Thomason  Frank Taylor  Don Obert  Robert Moreau  Rolando Flores  Miryeong Sohn  Kevin Hicks 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010

Grain compositional components impacting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) use in food, feed and fuel products, must be combined with improved agronomic traits to produce a commercially viable barley cultivar. Little current information is available on grain composition and variability among winter barley genotypes. This study was conducted to determine the variability among modern hulled and hulless winter barley genotypes in grain composition. Barley types varied significantly in grain and kernel weight, starch, beta-glucan, oil and ash content, but not in protein concentration. Hulless barley had significantly higher grain test weight and starch concentration than hulled and malting types, and significantly higher beta-glucan than malting barley. Hulless barley had significantly lower kernel weights, oil, and ash concentrations than hulled and malting types. Higher starch and lower fiber and ash in grain of hulless barley versus hulled feed or malting type barley are characteristics that increase hulless barley desirability. Selection for high starch concentration among all barley types is feasible and will facilitate development of barley cultivars better suited for use in feed, malt, and ethanol production.  相似文献   

Biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour     

Amanda B. Dias  Carmen M.O. MüllerFábio D.S. Larotonda  João B. Laurindo 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010

Rice flour is a starchy material with low-cost, because it can be produced from rice that is broken during processing. The aim of this study was to develop biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour, and to characterize their physicochemical, microscopic and mechanical properties. Films from rice starch and rice flour were prepared by casting, with glycerol or sorbitol as plasticizer. SEM analysis of starch and flour films revealed compact structures. Rice flour films prepared in the present work have similar mechanical properties to those of starch based films. However, their water vapor permeabilities are two times higher than those of starch based films. Films with sorbitol were less permeable to water and more rigid, while films with glycerol are more plasticized and have poorer water vapor barrier properties. Therefore, preparing edible films from rice flour is a new alternative for using this raw material, which is sometimes much cheaper than commercial starches.  相似文献   

Functionality of native tetraploid wheat starches: Effects of waxy loci alleles and amylose concentration in blends     

L.E. Hansen  D.S. Jackson  R.L. Wehling  J.D. Wilson  R.A. Graybosch 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010

Partial waxy (reduced amylose) and fully waxy (amylose-free) tetraploid durum wheats (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) were used to investigate the relationships between both intra- and inter-granular variation in amylose concentration and starch functionality. Starches isolated from each genotype (intra-granular amylose variants) were compared to those of commercially available hexaploid wild-type and waxy starches, and functionalities compared to blends (inter-granular variants) of durum waxy and wild-type starches of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, & 30% amylose content. Starch particle size distributions were not significantly different amongst partial waxy and wild-type genotypes; waxy samples had significantly smaller mean starch granule size. Few significant differences for crystallite melting and related intrinsic heat as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were observed. The detected differences in starch gel color or gel strength generally were observed for the waxy samples relative to wild-type. Numerous significant differences were observed via Rapid-Visco Analysis (RVA). Pasting peak viscosity and breakdown were inversely proportional to % amylose. Wx-B1 null final viscosity differed significantly from that of all other blends and genotypes, demonstrating that genotypic differences exist amongst the partial waxy types, independent of amylose concentration per se.  相似文献   

施氮水平对实生桃树可溶性总糖、淀粉含量及根组织构造的影响     

潘春香  肖艳辉  新居直祐  中尾義則 《农业科学与技术》2011,(12):1861-1863

[目的]为桃栽培生产提供理论依据。[方法]试验以3年生实生桃树为材料,NH4NO3为试验氮肥,设0、3、6g/盆三个施氮水平,探讨了不同施氮水平对实生桃树可溶性总糖和淀粉以及根内部组织构造的影响。[结果]根和叶片的可溶性糖含量随着施氮水平的提高呈增加趋势,以6g/盆最高,与对照及3g/盆区差异均达到0.05显著水平;淀粉含量却呈相反趋势,随着施氮水平的提高而呈下降趋势,以6g/盆含量最低,与对照达0.01显著水平。与对照、3g/盆处理相比,6g/盆根内部组织构造表现为维管中柱较大,维管束发达,皮层薄壁细胞间隙小,细胞圆润、饱满,细胞壁光滑,发育较好。[结论]适宜的施氮水平可促进桃树可溶性总糖的累积和根内部组织的发育。  相似文献   

基于模拟实验的淀粉粒形态变化及其农业考古学意义——以小麦为例     

万智巍  杨晓燕  马志坤  刘光旭 《农业科学与技术》2011,(11):1621-1624

[目的]为了迅速准确的对中国各农业遗址中的淀粉粒残留物进行鉴定,需要进行现代植物淀粉粒形态变化研究和模拟实验分析不同试剂和实验处理方法对淀粉粒形态的影响。[方法]研究现代小麦成熟过程中淀粉粒形态变化,完成了对成熟小麦的一系列模拟试验,如：研磨、超声波处理、盐酸和双氧水处理、干燥处理。[结果]成熟过程中小麦淀粉粒经历了由小到大的变化,最后稳定在由大、小两组淀粉粒组成;研钵研磨会使小麦淀粉粒粒径增大;较长时间的超声波处理使得小麦淀粉粒粒径增大;浓度为10%的盐酸和浓度为6%双氧水对小麦淀粉粒的影响很小;低温干燥处理不会使小麦淀粉粒出现糊化。[结论]该研究结论可有效地指导考古遗址古代样品淀粉粒分析实验流程以及处理参数的选择,提高了淀粉粒分析的效率和结果的可靠性。同时也为中国的农业起源和作物传播的研究提供了基础实验资料。  相似文献   

小红豆淀粉颗粒性质研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李冠华  宁玄鹤 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(6):2827-2830

[目的]为小红豆淀粉资源的开发提供理论依据。[方法]研究了小红豆淀粉的颗粒性质,包括颗粒的形貌、X光-衍射图样、溶解度与膨胀度,链淀粉含量、葡聚糖结构等,并与大红豆及荷包豆淀粉进行了对比。[结果]小红豆淀粉颗粒多为卵圆形,少数不规则,溶解度与膨胀度随温度变化程度不大,总体趋势平缓上升,X光-衍射呈现A型晶体图样,结晶度为18.01%,相对链淀粉含量为36.5%。[结论]该研究对于开发食用豆类淀粉资源具有启发作用。  相似文献   

Effects of defoliation on fruit growth,carbohydrate reserves and subsequent flowering of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit vines     

J.G. Cruz-Castillo  D.J. Woolley  F. Famiani 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

A partial defoliation study was carried out on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit vines with the aim of evaluating effects on fruit yield, changes in concentration of carbohydrates, and return bloom. At full bloom, ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit vines trained to the pergola system were submitted to 0% (control), 50% and 75% defoliation in the 2.0 m wide central horizontal area of the canopy. This area represents the vine ‘replacement cane zone’ (RCZ), whereas the remaining external area represents the ‘fruiting zone’ (FZ). Removing 50% of the leaves resulted in a small (−9 g in the RCZ and −3.3 g in the FZ), but significant, reduction in fruit weight compared to the control vines. More severe defoliation (75%) reduced fruit weight by 13 g in the RCZ and 7 g in the FZ. The defoliation treatment reduced the concentrations of starch and total soluble carbohydrates (glucose + fructose + sucrose) in the shoots and starch in trunk bark compared to those in control vines. The treatments caused a large reduction in return bloom, expressed as number of flowers per winter bud, by about 25% and 53% in vines with 50% and 75% defoliation, respectively.  相似文献