Light-stimulated 14CO2 uptake and acetylene reduction by bacteriochlorophyll containing stem nodule isolate BTAi 1     

Mariangela Hungria  Joan M. Ellis  Ralph W. F. Hardy  Allan R. J. Eaglesham 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1993,15(3):208-214

Summary Bradyrhizobial strain BTAi 1 nodulates both stems and roots of Aeschynomene spp. Previous work has shown that it contains bacteriochlorophyll a and forms photosynthetic reaction centers, and has provided indirect evidence of photosynthesis by bacteroids within stem nodules. Here we report physiological and biochemical characteristics of BTAi 1 ex planta, which also suggest the presence of photosynthetic activity. Light-stimulated uptake of ¹⁴CO₂ by BTAi 1 was detected at all stages of growth. Inhibitors of photosynthesis, 1,10-orthophenanthroline and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), and the uncoupler NH₄Cl, immediately suppressed light-driven ¹⁴CO₂ uptake and increased O₂ uptake. BTAi 1 is strictly aerobic and was unable to grow without organic C even in the light; also, it was unable to grow chemoautotrophically in an atmosphere enriched with H₂ and CO₂. In micro-aerobic conditions, strain BTAi 1 expressed acetylene reducing activity ex planta in an N-free medium. The highest rates of light-stimulated ¹⁴CO₂ uptake and acetylene-reducing activity occurred during the exponential and early stationary phases of growth. Acetylene-reducing rates at a low glucose concentration were increased following a light-dark cycle in comparison with continuous dark conditions.  相似文献   

Ethanol vapor and saprophytic yeast treatments reduce decay and maintain quality of intact and fresh-cut sweet cherries     

Jinhe Bai  Anne PlottoRobert Spotts  Nithiya Rattanapanone 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2011,62(2):204-212

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of an ethanol vapor release pad and a saprophytic yeast Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatum (CIM) to reduce decay and maintain postharvest quality of intact or fresh-cut sweet cherries (Prunus avium) cv. Lapins and Bing. Intact or fresh-cut fruit were packed in perforated clamshells (capacity 454 g) and stored at 1, 10 or 20 °C for up to 21, 14 and 8 d, respectively. For ethanol treatment, a pad made with silica gel powder containing 10 g ethanol and covered with perforated film, which allows ethanol vapor to diffuse gradually, was attached to the upper lid of the clamshells. Ethanol treatment caused accumulation of ethanol in the packaging headspace, about 10 μL L⁻¹ with little change within 14 d at 1 °C, 23 μL L⁻¹ at d 1 and decreased to 15 μL L⁻¹ at d 10 at 10 °C, and 26 μL L⁻¹ at d 1 and decreased to 13 μL L⁻¹ at d 3 at 20 °C. Ethanol content in fruit was less than 9 mg kg⁻¹ in all the control fruit, and increased to 16, 34 and 43 mg kg⁻¹ in ethanol-treated fruit at 1, 10 and 20 °C, respectively. Nonetheless, a sensory taste panel did not perceive any flavor difference from the ethanol treatment. The ethanol treatment retarded softening, darkening, and acid decrease in fruit as well as discoloration of the stems, and extended shelf-life of intact cherries. Ethanol reduced brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) in fresh-cut cherries stored at 20 °C, but not at 1 and 10 °C. A pre-packaging dip in CIM completely controlled brown rot in inoculated fresh-cut cherries stored at 1 °C, and in naturally infected cherries at 20 °C.  相似文献   

Plant based indicators for irrigation scheduling in young cherry trees     

N. LivellaraF. Saavedra  E. Salgado 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(4):684-690

Using a correlation between trunk diameter fluctuation (TDF) and stem water potential (SWP) it appears possible to determine water deficit threshold values (WDTV) for young cherry trees. This correlation must be based on a significant effect between SWP and at least one variable associated with the vegetative or reproductive growth of the trees. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effect of several irrigation treatments on vegetative and reproductive growth and the SWP of young cherry trees; (2) to determine the correlation between TDF and SWP, and; (3) to propose a first approximation of SWP and TDF water deficit threshold values for young cherry tree plants. The experiment was carried out between September and April of the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons, in Quillota, in the Valparaiso region, central Chile. The irrigation treatments consisted of applications of 50% (T₅₀), 100% (T₁₀₀) and 150% (T₁₅₀) of potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) over the two growing seasons, using a randomized complete block design (RCB). The effect of irrigation scheduling was observed on: apical shoot growth rate (GR_AS), branch cross-sectional area (BCSA), canopy volume (CV), annual length of accumulated growth (AL_AG) and productivity. This effect showed that the T₅₀ treatment caused lower SWP (measured pre-dawn), vegetative growth and productivity. The fruit quality variables (cracking and size) were not affected by the different treatments. Combining the vegetative growth, productivity and SWP results shows that the water deficit threshold value, as a first approximation, is between 50% and 100% of ET₀, and therefore the critical SWP for defining irrigation frequency should be close to −0.5 MPa. Upon applying a post-harvest drought period (14 days without irrigation), a linear correlation was determined both between SWP and maximum daily trunk shrinkage, MDS (R² = 0.69) and between SWP and trunk growth rate, TGR (R² = 0.57). Using these correlations and the SWP reference value, reference values were obtained for MDS (165 μm) and TGR (83 μm day⁻¹), which would permit automated control of water status in young cherry trees.  相似文献   

马铃薯试管薯诱导影响因子的研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

刘尚前  袁丁  张凤英  栗占芳 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(21):6383-6384

以马铃薯品种大西洋脱毒试管苗为材料,研究了切段年龄、温度、激素、光照对马铃薯试管薯诱导的影响,在此基础上,进一步研究了蛭石覆盖茎节代替黑暗条件的不同培养方式对马铃薯试管薯诱导的影响。结果表明,结薯与切段的年龄有关,用培养100 d左右的苗即老的切段、白天25℃,夜间18℃的变温、培养基中添加激素6-BA浓度为2.5~5.0 mg/L时,试管薯诱导率高;在上述条件下,将蛭石灭菌后按每瓶30 ml直接倒入原来的培养瓶覆盖试管苗下部茎节2~4节,能够使覆盖茎节处快速生出匍匐茎,最终形成块茎,平均单株结薯1.9个,大大提高了试管薯诱导率。  相似文献   

棉角斑病对棉花苗、蕾期危害的研究     

张家清  张大业 《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,7(4):217-221

 近年来,对不同类型棉田角斑病危害调查和以海岛棉为主地病害发生研究,角斑病[Xanthomonas Campestris PV.malvacearum(Smith) Dye]对棉花的危害,以苗、蕾期的顶腐、茎腐最为严重,造成顶梢和茎部黑腐的途径,主要是病菌在棉株组织内的系统侵染。棉子播种试验,毛子播种的棉苗在子叶期就出现病症,脱绒光子的棉苗在真叶3～4片时才出现病害。脱绒光子带有少量的病菌,仍是病害的侵染源,在多雨的气候条件下,可以通过系统侵染和再侵染造成严重危害。  相似文献   

苹果潜隐病毒(Latent Virus)研究——苹果主栽品种潜隐病毒毒原鉴定     

程廉  张履道  刘绍兴 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1986,(3):64-72

1984—1985年对陕西、甘肃的红星、黄元帅、秦冠、国光和红富士五个苹果主要栽培品种,进行潜隐病毒毒源种类鉴定,其结果是:这些主要栽培品种都普遍带有苹果褪绿叶斑病毒、苹果茎痘病毒和苹果茎沟槽病毒。其潜带率是:褪绿叶斑病毒为70—100%;茎痘病毒为80～100%;茎沟槽病毒为20—40%。  相似文献   

桫椤叶和茎干抑菌活性初探     

弓加文  陈封政  李书华 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(33):10566-10567

[目的]初步探讨桫椤叶和茎干提取物的抑菌活性,为中药龙骨风(桫椤叶的茎干)研究开发提供依据。[方法]以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌为供试菌种,研究了桫椤茎叶和茎干甲醇提取物对它们的抑菌作用,并与黄连提取物的抑菌效果进行比较。[结果]桫椤叶对大肠杆菌的抑制效果最好,最低抑制浓度为0.10%,对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果次之,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最弱;桫椤茎干对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果最好,最低抑制浓度为0.10%,对大肠杆菌的抑制效果次之,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最弱。桫椤叶和茎干提取物的抑菌作用与黄连提取物的相比较弱。[结论]桫椤叶对大肠杆菌的抑制效果较好,桫椤茎干对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果较好,最低抑制浓度均为0.10%。  相似文献   

忙果园病虫害综合治理     

司徒英贤 《西南林学院学报》1992,(2)

本文报道20年树龄的大型杧果园内39种重要害虫和6种病害的综合治理措施,防效及经济效益。大幅度降低每种病虫害的为害,1989年的果实产量和收入比1986年增加11.6倍和16.36倍。  相似文献   

图像形态学在苹果自动分级视觉信息处理中的应用——以果梗判别与边缘检测为例     

胡涛 《安徽农业科学》2007,35(6):1866-1867

首先指出果梗判别在苹果自动分级系统中的研究意义;进而列出4种有代表性的判别果梗的方法;在此基础上提出了利用图像形态学可以更好地判别果梗,同时还能检测边缘;最后对该算法进行了系统评估,并为提高处理速度进行了改进.  相似文献   

莴笋菌核病菌生物学特性研究     

胡能兵  张晓红  张从宇  张启祥 《安徽农业科学》2003,31(3):375-376

研究了温度、湿度、光照、培养基、pH值和营养对莴笋菌核病菌菌丝生长的影响 ,结果表明 :菌丝生长的温度范围 7～ 3 0℃ ,适温 15～ 2 5℃ ,最佳温度 2 0℃ ;菌丝在 2 4h光照或 2 4h黑暗生长较快 ,12h光照 +12h黑暗生长较慢 ;菌丝在相对湿度 80 %以上均能生长 ,湿度越大 ,生长速度越快 ;菌丝在PDA培养基上生长最快 ;在pH值为 5时生长最快 ;在碳源和氮源利用方面 ,淀粉和丝氨酸对菌丝生长最有效。  相似文献