不同温度下尿素对水稻土甲烷产生及相关古菌群落的影响     

胡越航  韦梦  徐建刚  裘琼芬 《土壤》2015,47(5):1115-1124

水稻田是大气甲烷的重要排放源。尿素氮肥施用是提升水稻产量和品质的重要措施,但其对稻田土壤中产甲烷古菌的影响规律仍不清楚。通过模拟水稻生长季节可能的田间温度变化,本文对水稻土进行施加尿素（400 mg N/kgdry soil）与未施加尿素（0 mg N/kgdry soil）两个处理,并在15℃、25℃、37℃以及50℃四个温度下进行为期100d的厌氧培养,定期测定了培养过程中产甲烷累积量以及土壤理化因子pH、铵氮以及有机碳的变化。并运用基于16S rRNA基因的T-RFLP（末端限制性片段多态性分析）技术分析了产甲烷过程中古菌群落结构随时间的变化情况。结果表明,在中低温范围内（15℃-37℃）,尿素对水稻土产甲烷有抑制作用,但在50℃高温下尿素对水稻土产甲烷量没有显著影响。尿素可能通过改变产甲烷古菌群落结构来影响产甲烷,在15℃-37℃范围内,尿素降低了水稻土产甲烷古菌群落的稳定性,增大了其在不同时间的差异性;而在50℃高温时,尿素对水稻土产甲烷古菌稳定性和差异性的影响不明显。不同温度下,尿素均降低了甲烷八叠球菌（Methanosarcinaceae）的丰度,且随着温度的变化,尿素对水稻土产甲烷机制的改变可能没有影响。  相似文献   

Response of soil microbial communities to compost amendments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ana Pérez-Piqueres 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(3):460-470

Soil organic matter is considered as a major component of soil quality because it contributes directly or indirectly to many physical, chemical and biological properties. Thus, soil amendment with composts is an agricultural practice commonly used to improve soil quality and also to manage organic wastes. We evaluated in laboratory scale experiments the response of the soilborne microflora to the newly created soil environments resulting from the addition of three different composts in two different agricultural soils under controlled conditions. At a global level, total microbial densities were determined by classical plate count methods and global microbial activities were assessed by measuring basal respiration and substrate induced respiration (SIR). Soil suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia solani diseases was measured through bioassays performed in greenhouses. At a community level, the modifications of the metabolic and molecular structures of bacterial and fungal communities were assessed. Bacterial community level physiological profiles (CLPP) were determined using Biolog™ GN microtiter plates. Bacterial and fungal community structures were investigated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting. Data sets were analyzed using analysis of variance and ordination methods of multivariate data. The impact of organic amendments on soil characteristics differed with the nature of the composts and the soil types. French and English spent mushroom composts altered all the biological parameters evaluated in the clayey soil and/or in the sandy silty clay soil, while green waste compost did not modify either bacterial and fungal densities, SIR values nor soil suppressiveness in any of the soils. The changes in bacterial T-RFLP fingerprints caused by compost amendments were not related to the changes in CLPP, suggesting the functional redundancy of soil microorganisms. Assessing the density, the activity and the structure of the soil microflora allowed us not only to detect the impact of compost amendment on soil microorganisms, but also to evaluate its effect at a functional level through the variation of soil disease suppressiveness. Differences in disease suppressiveness were related to differences in chemical composition, in availability of nutrients at short term and in microbial composition due to both incorporation and stimulation of microorganisms by the compost amendments.  相似文献   

Effect of Colletia hystrix (Clos), a pioneer actinorhizal plant from the Chilean matorral, on the genetic and potential metabolic diversity of the soil bacterial community     

Julieta Orlando 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(11):2769-2776

Colletia hystrix are dominant shrubs in the sclerophyllous matorral, a natural ecosystem in the central valley of Chile affected by erosion, soil with low fertility and limiting nitrogen. The soil microbial communities associated to these pioneer plants have received little attention even though they may have an important role in the ability of these to colonize the nutrient-poor soils from these semi-arid ecosystems. T-RFLP profiles using 16S rDNA were used to compare the bacterial community structure from soil samples (enriched and unenriched) associated to C. hystrix and neighboring soil without plant cover (bulk soil). Additionally, the microbial communities from both habitats were compared at the metabolic profile level using the Biolog EcoPlate™ system. Our results showed that the bacterial community from samples of soil associated to these plants formed a separate cluster from samples derived from the neighboring soil. These data suggest that soil associated to C. hystrix is a different microhabitat to bulk soil. When an enrichment step was performed on the samples, the T-RFLP profiles obtained showed few T-RFs suggesting that only some species were recovered. The enriched samples exhibited a low similarity between them and are clearly separated from the unenriched samples. On the other hand, the comparison of the unenriched samples from both habitats based on sole-carbon-source utilization profiles was unable to differentiate the samples according to their habitat.  相似文献   

Long-term impacts of zinc and copper enriched sewage sludge additions on bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities in arable and grassland soils     

Catriona A. Macdonald  Ian M. Clark  Penny R. Hirsch  Steve P. McGrath 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(5):932-941

Long-term impacts of metal contamination derived from sewage sludge on soil microbial communities have been widely evaluated, but confounding effects have made it difficult to draw firm conclusions and thus to advise on safe metal limits. Here we used Multiplex-terminal restriction length fragment polymorphism (M-TRFLP) to assess the long-term impact of sludge-borne Zn and Cu contamination on the structure of bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities across seven different soils at metal levels relevant to current guideline limits. Despite strong effects of site on microbial community structure, analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) demonstrated a small but significant effect of Zn on bacteria (P < 0.001), archaea (P < 0.001), and fungi (P < 0.001). Significant effects of Cu on bacteria (P < 0.001), archaea (P < 0.001) and fungi (P < 0.001) were also observed. Several bacterial and fungal T-RFs were identified as responding to Zn or Cu. For example the bacterial T-RF 72 was negatively correlated with Zn and Cu, and T-RF 259 was positively correlated with Zn. Attempts to identify these bacterial markers of Zn and Cu contamination suggest a negative impact of Cu on Acidobacteria in arable soils. These results demonstrate for the first time, that despite a strong influence of site on microbial community structure, effects of Zn and Cu derived from sewage sludge can be detected as shifts in bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities indicating a common response more than 11 years after sludge addition.  相似文献   

Subtle changes in rhizosphere microbial community structure in response to increased boron and sodium chloride concentrations     

Darryl R. Nelson  Pauline M. Mele 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(1):340-351

Two of the major constraints to grain production in large areas of South-East Australia and cropping soils worldwide are high levels of subsoil boron (B) and excessive salinity (NaCl). Although the effect of these constraints is often studied in plants, the effect on microbially mediated plant-beneficial processes is unclear. To that end, we investigated the impact of B and NaCl on soil microbial community structure (MCS) in the wheat rhizosphere using BIOLOG ecoplates and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). In addition, the effects of B and NaCl on the nitrogen (N) cycle processes of N fixation and ammonia oxidation were assessed by the construction of clone libraries of diazotrophic (nifH) and ammonia oxidising (amoA) rhizobacteria. Analysis of BIOLOG plates using non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) revealed addition of both B and NaCl significantly changed MCS, the latter of which was also significant through the analysis of T-RFLP data. Utilisation of several chemical groups of BIOLOG substrates significantly changed in NaCl-amended soil; both B and NaCl affected utilisation of several individual substrates indicative of plant stress including serine and malic acid. A significant decrease in diversity and species richness was observed in high B rhizosphere soil. The community structure of ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB), all of which clustered with Nitrosospira-like sequences, did not significantly change in response to addition of B or NaCl, but addition of the latter resulted in a significant increase of diazotroph clones within the α-proteobacteria similar to Azospirillum sp. It appeared that the addition of B and NaCl to soil changed rhizosphere MCS indirectly through increased soil moisture and subtle changes in root exudate patterns, the addition of the latter producing a more distinct change through increased osmotic pressure, leading to a greater increase in rhizodeposition of nutrients, especially carbohydrates. The implications for the current study are that B and NaCl are more likely to affect rhizosphere MCS indirectly through root exudate quantity and/or quality than directly through microbial toxicity, and that plant health is a major determinant in rhizosphere MCS and normal N cycling.  相似文献   

长期不同施肥对娄土细菌群落多样性的影响     

马琳  孙本华  孙瑞  高明霞  杨学云  张树兰 《西北农业学报》2015,24(6):162-170

为探索长期不同施肥对娄土微生物群落多样性的影响及其机制,以“国家黄土肥力与肥料效益监测基地”的24 a长期定位试验为基础,采用末端限制性片段长度多态性分析技术（T-RFLP）,结合其他常规分析,研究娄土不施肥（CK）和3种常用施肥方式［单施氮肥（N）、平衡施化肥（NPK）、高量有机无机肥配施（M₂）］对土壤主要化学性状及细菌群落多样性的影响。结果表明,3种施肥方式均对土壤主要化学性质影响显著,其中施M₂能明显改善土壤肥力;与CK处理相比,M₂和NPK处理的土壤微生物量碳质量分数和微生物量氮质量分数显著增加,而N处理无显著变化;N处理的Shannon指数和Evenness指数较CK处理分别显著降低6.1%、5.8%,施NPK和M₂有利于维持土壤微生物丰富度和均匀度。M₂处理对娄土微生物群落结构有积极影响,而N处理效果相反。RDA分析表明,与CK处理相比,N和M₂处理土壤细菌群落结构发生显著变化,且M₂处理变化程度较大。长期不同施肥可对娄土细菌群落结构产生显著影响,土壤主要化学性状的改变是其主要原因。总之,NPK和M₂处理都能较好地维持娄土微生物生态系统。  相似文献   

Coarse structured feed stimulates members of the genera Lactobacillus and Mitsuokella as well as propionate and butyrate producers in the pig stomach     

L.L. Mikkelsen  O. Hjberg  B.B. Jensen 《Livestock Science》2007,109(1-3):153-156

Pigs in four groups were fed fine non-pelleted (F-NP), fine pelleted (F-P), coarse non-pelleted (C-NP) or coarse pelleted (C-P) diets. DNA fingerprints, T-RFLP, revealed a strong dietary effect on bacterial community structure in the stomachs. Pigs fed the C-NP diet had the highest microbial diversity in stomach and the T-RFLP fingerprints suggested that bacteria tentatively identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii, L. mucosae, L. reuteri, L. amylovorus/L. sobrius, Mitsuokella multiacida and Megasphera elsdenii were specifically stimulated. Lactobacilli may be responsible for the previously reported increase in stomach lactate levels of pigs fed the C-NP diet [Mikkelsen, L.L., Naughton, P.J., Hedemann, M.S., Jensen, B.B., 2004. Effects of physical properties of feed on microbial ecology and survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in the pig gastrointestinal tract. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 3485–3492.]. Moreover, earlier observations of butyrate and propionate accumulation in the stomach of pigs fed C-NP diets could be due to stimulation of M. elsdenii and S. ruminantium according to the T-RFLP fingerprints.  相似文献   

饥饿及恢复喂食对花鲈肠道菌群多样性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘艳艳  顾晓英  张德民  钱云霞 《水产学报》2016,40(5):776-784

为了研究饥饿及恢复摄食对花鲈肠道壁及内容物微生物菌群的影响,实验运用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术分析了花鲈经2周饥饿,恢复喂食1周和恢复喂食2周后肠道壁及其内容物菌群特征及多样性的变化。结果显示:饥饿会导致花鲈肠道壁细菌群落发生明显变化,引起差异的主要细菌为T-RFs 496、437、450、155 bp等所代表菌;经2周饥饿,肠壁T-RF 496 bp大肠杆菌(Escherichia)相对丰度从实验开始的43.11%±3.95%(C0肠壁组)下降为21.25%±9.97%(S2R0肠壁组),细菌多样性指数H′、E′和1/D均增大;恢复喂食2周后,肠道壁菌群结构逐渐恢复,T-RF 496 bp大肠杆菌的相对丰度逐渐上升到55.49%±8.37%(S2R2组),3个多样性指数均减小至原有水平;花鲈肠道壁和内容物的菌群有较大不同,但是两者的主要细菌类群都是变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其中,γ-变形菌纲是花鲈肠道的最主要细菌群。本研究为进一步阐述消化道微生物功能奠定了基础,也为海水鱼类肠道菌群研究提供基础数据。  相似文献   

日偏食对乌鲁木齐空气细菌多样性的影响     

邓丽娟  马晶  娄恺  曾军  张涛 《新疆农业科学》2012,49(3):508-514

[目的]了解日偏食对乌鲁木齐空气细菌多样性影响.[方法]利用末端限制性片段长度多态性技术(T - RFLP,Terminal- restriction fragment length polymorphism)分析比较日偏食前后乌鲁木齐空气细菌多样性变化.[结果]日偏食当天的各项多样性指数均高于其他几天;酶切图谱和多样性指数结果显示,利用Rsa I酶切样品所得细菌多样性高于利用Hha I酶切所得结果;聚类分析显示,日偏食前1d,后1d和当天空气细菌可聚为一类,其余聚为一类.[结论]乌鲁木齐空气细菌受日偏食的影响多样性有所增加.  相似文献   

新疆彩色丘陵地貌岩石层细菌多样性研究     

刘淼  张涛  孙建  娄恺 《新疆农业科学》2011,48(3):572-577

[目的]了解新疆彩色丘陵地貌中不同颜色岩石层的细菌多样性及其优势种群.[方法]利用末端限制性片段长度多态性(Teminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism,T-RFLP),对5种不同颜色岩石层细菌多样性进行分析.[结果]T-RFLP图谱和聚类分析结果显示,2号(粉红色)岩石层细菌多样性最高,2号(粉红色)和3号(红灰色)样品中细菌群落结构相似性最高,而5号(橙棕色)样品与其他样品间相似性最低,各样品间细菌群落结构相似性介于5.6;～60;;所得结果与RDP数据库比对,推测出5种岩石样品的优势微生物种群分别为Ruminococcaceae,Burkholderiaceae,iron-reducing bacterium,Shewanella,Frateuria和一些免陪养菌群.[结论]新疆彩色丘陵地貌岩石层样品随着颜色由浅至深,其末端限制性片段(Terminal Restriction Fragments,TRFs)的数量由多到少,除5号(橙棕色)外,其余岩石层细菌多样性较高;由分析结果可以推测,新疆彩色丘陵地貌岩石层中可能存在一些潜在新种.  相似文献