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81.
3种杀菌剂对小白菜内生细菌多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用末端标记限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,分析比较了3种杀菌剂代森锌、恶霉灵、农用链霉素分别对小白菜喷雾处理后,其根、茎、叶内生细菌多样性的变化。结果表明:小白菜根部内生细菌较丰富,茎部较少;杀菌剂处理后叶片内细生菌多样性变化最复杂,先刺激后抑制内生细菌多样性;恶霉灵对小白菜茎的影响最大,其内生细菌多样性明显增加,根部内生细菌多样性有所增加,叶部内生细菌多样性先增加后降低;农用链霉素处理后可使小白菜根、茎内内生细菌多样性明显降低,叶片处理后内生细菌多样性先增加后降低,之后趋于平缓;代森锌对小白菜根、茎内生细菌也有抑制作用,对叶片内内生细菌多样性有先增加后降低作用;根、茎、叶内的优势种群主要为Clostridium(梭菌属)、Fusobacterium(梭菌属)、Halobacillus(喜盐芽孢杆菌)、Lactobacillus(乳杆菌属)、Nostoc(念珠蓝细菌属)、Sphingomonas(鞘氨醇单胞菌属)、Synechocystis(集胞蓝细菌属)。处理后14 d各处理与对照差异不明显,种群结构趋于稳定。 相似文献
82.
西北黄土高原地区苹果连作障碍与土壤真菌群落结构的相关性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用构建真菌克隆文库和T-RFLP相结合的方法,研究了甘肃、陕西和山西省20个地区再植苹果园土壤中的真菌群落结构特征,同时还研究了平邑甜茶幼苗的生长与再植苹果园土壤中优势真菌属的相关性。结果表明,在真菌分类门的水平上,子囊菌门真菌是西北黄土高原地区苹果连作土壤中主要的真菌类型;在属的水平上,镰孢菌属、被孢霉属、毛壳菌属、隐球酵母菌属等是主要优势菌群。从果园地区分布来看,甘肃省的5个地区土壤真菌具有相对较高的多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数和相对较低的优势度指数。陕西富平,山西平陆,山西盐湖区的苹果连作障碍较严重,镰孢菌的丰度较高。从平邑甜茶幼苗生长受抑制量与土壤中优势真菌属的相关性来看,镰孢菌的丰度与苹果连作障碍的严重程度呈极显著性正相关（r = 0.585,P < 0.01）,而被孢霉属的丰度与其呈显著性负相关（r =–0.473,P < 0.05）。引起西北黄土高原地区苹果连作障碍的主要有害真菌类型是镰孢菌属。 相似文献
83.
生防菌Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24对甜瓜根围土壤微生物的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
【目的】探讨生防假单胞菌2P24对根围土壤微生物的影响,为生防菌的安全应用提供基础。【方法】利用平板培养计数与末端标记限制性片段长度多态性分析（terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, T-RFLP）相结合的方法研究施用生防假单胞菌2P24后不同生育期甜瓜根围土壤微生物多样性的变化。【结果】在甜瓜定植后,生防菌2P24对土壤中细菌和真菌均有较强的抑制作用,对放线菌却具有促进作用。在收获期,2P24对土壤中细菌和放线菌的影响逐渐减弱,而对真菌表现了一定的促进作用。获得了41个细菌菌群的TRF片段,其中,2P24对优势菌群TRF213、TRF240、TRF513无明显影响,而对TRF61、TRF348、TRF365等菌群影响显著,土壤微生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数有所提高。【结论】将传统培养法和T-RFLP分析技术相结合,是分析土壤微生物种群变化较为理想的方法。生防菌2P24对甜瓜根围土壤微生物的生态系统影响不显著。 相似文献
84.
A comprehensive knowledge on the relationship between soil salinity and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is vital for a deeper understanding of ecosystem functioning under salt stress conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soil salinity on AMF root colonization, spore count, glomalin related soil protein (GRSP) and community structure in Saemangeum reclaimed land, South Korea. Soil samples were collected and grouped into five distinct salt classes based on the electrical conductivity of soil saturation extracts (ECse). Mycorrhizal root colonization, spore count and GRSP were measured under different salinity levels. AMF community structure was studied through three complementary methods; spore morphology, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Results revealed that root colonization (P < 0.01), spore count (P < 0.01) and GRSP (P < 0.01) were affected negatively by soil salinity. Spore morphology and T-RFLP data showed predominance of AMF genus Glomus in Saemangeum reclaimed land. T-RFLP and DGGE analysis revealed significant changes in diversity indices between non (ECse < 2 dS/m) and extremely (ECse > 16 dS/m) saline soil and confirmed dominance of Glomus caledonium only in soils with ECse < 8 dS/m. However, ribotypes of Glomus mosseae and Glomus proliferum were ubiquitous in all salt classes. Combining spore morphology, T-RFLP and DGGE analysis, we could show a pronounced effect in AMF community across salt classes. The result of this study improve our understanding on AMF activity and dominant species present in different salt classes and will substantially expand our knowledge on AMF diversity in reclaimed lands. 相似文献
85.
The interactive impact of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus intraradices, AM fungi) on the degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) in soils was studied under greenhouse conditions. Treatments included maize plants inoculated vs. not inoculated with AM fungi and treated with or without earthworms at low (1 mg kg−1 soil DM) or high (100 mg kg−1 soil DM) OTC rates. The root colonization rate, the hyphal density of mycorrhizae, the residual OTC concentration in soils, catalase, dehydrogenase, urease, soil microbial biomass C, Shannon–Wiener index (H) for microbial communities from T-RFLP profiles were measured at harvest. The results indicated that earthworms and AM fungi would individually or interactively enhance OTC decomposition and significantly decreased the residual OTC concentration at both high and low OTC rates. Both earthworms and AM fungi could promote the degradation of OTC by increasing soil microbial biomass C at both high and low OTC rates. The effect of soil enzyme activity and soil microbial diversity on OTC decomposition was different between high and low OTC rates. Hyphomicrobium and Bacillus cereus were dominant bacteria, and Thielavia and Chaetomium were dominant phyla of fungi at all occasions. Earthworm activity stimulated the growth of Hyphomicrobium and Thielavia, while AM fungi may stimulate B. cereus, Thielavia and Chaetomium, resulting in greater OTC decomposition. The interaction between earthworms and AM fungi in affecting the degradation of OTC may be attributed to different mechanisms, depending on soil microbial biomass, function (enzyme activity) and communities (the abundance of Hyphomicrobium, B. cereus, Thielavia and Chaetomium) in the soil. 相似文献
86.
Monomethyl-mercury is one of the most toxic compounds. Methylation of Hg usually appears under anoxic conditions. In Swiss forest soils, methyl-Hg concentrations of up to 3 μg kg−1 soil dw have been observed, but the impact of methyl-Hg on soil microorganisms have rarely been examined so far. In this study, we investigated the effect of increasing concentrations of methyl-Hg (0, 5, 20, 90 μg kg−1 soil dw) on the microbial communities in various forest soils differing in their physico-chemical properties. Experiments were conducted in microcosms under controlled conditions and the basal respiration (BR), the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and the bacterial and fungal community structures using T-RFLP-profiling were investigated. BR was significantly affected by methyl-Hg. In general, the BR increased with increasing methyl-Hg concentrations, whereas the MBC was significantly reduced. Bacterial communities were more sensitive to methyl-Hg than fungal communities. In five out of seven soils, the bacterial community structures differed significantly between the treatments whereas the fungal communities did not. The impact of methyl-Hg on the soil bacterial communities was site specific. In one soil, a methyl-Hg concentration of already 5 μg kg−1 soil dw significantly affected the relative abundance of 13% bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU), whereas in other soils concentrations of even 90 μg kg−1 soil dw rarely affected the abundance of OTUs. In this study, for the first time, the impact of methyl-Hg on soil bacterial and fungal communities in forest soils was assessed. We showed that its impact strongly depends on the physico-chemical conditions of the soil and that bacterial communities were more sensitive to methyl-Hg than fungi. 相似文献
87.
不同连作年限野生地黄根际土壤微生物群落多样性分析 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
以野生地黄为试验材料,设置野生地黄头茬土壤、重茬土壤和原茬土壤处理,未种植任何作物为对照,于块根膨大中期采集土样,通过磷脂脂肪酸法(PLFA)和末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术,分析不同连作年限野生地黄的根际微生物生物量和群落结构变化。PLFA分析结果表明,不同处理情况下地黄根际土壤微生物群落结构存在明显差异,与头茬地黄根际土壤相比,重茬地黄土壤微生物总量显著下降,并且细菌/真菌比例下降。T-RFLP分析结果表明,不同连作年限地黄根际土壤细菌群落结构存在一定差异,野生状态地黄土壤和头茬土壤菌群较为相似,变形菌门和厚壁菌门占据优势地位。野生状态地黄和头茬地黄根际富含Bacillus、Pseudomonas等有益生防菌,而重茬地黄根际土壤滋生大量病原菌如Clostridium sp.、Flexibacter polymorphus和Clostridium ghoni,有益菌群和纤维素降解菌群减少,q RT-PCR定量分析也显示,野生状态地黄和头茬地黄土壤中假单胞菌数量都显著高于重茬地黄土壤。总之,野生地黄存在连作障碍问题,导致野生地黄根际有益菌数量减少而病原菌大量滋生,从而降低了野生地黄抵御病害的能力,使重茬野生地黄生长发育差,产量大幅降低。 相似文献
88.
红壤坡地利用方式对土壤细菌群落结构的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站坡地不同利用方式长期定位观测试验场农田、自然恢复和茶园土壤为研究对象,直接从土壤中抽提总DNA,应用T-RFLP和RT-PCR技术研究红壤坡地利用方式对土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,红壤坡地三种土地利用方式土壤细菌多样性指数农田>茶园>自然恢复(p<0.05),但土壤细菌数量茶园>自然恢复>农田(p<0.05),茶园土壤细菌数量是农田的8.76倍。基于T-RFLP图谱的样品间相似性指数和主要限制性片段(T-RFs)定性分析均表明,农田与茶园和自然恢复土壤均存在显著的差异(p<0.05),而茶园和自然恢复土壤细菌群落比较相似。不同土地利用方式土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾均对土壤细菌群落结构产生显著影响(p<0.05)。综合考虑经济效益和保持红壤坡地的可持续利用,茶园将成为中国南方红壤丘陵坡地可持续利用的一种有效方式。 相似文献
89.
Arctic soil microorganisms remain active at ecologically relevant rates in frozen soils. We used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons to examine active bacterial communities in two Alaskan tundra soils collected in summer and winter of 2005. Active community T-RFLP profiles were compared to total community profiles to determine if active bacteria were a subset of the total community. In shrub soils, active bacteria communities differed in composition between summer and winter, and winter-active bacterial taxa were not detected in the total community, suggesting that they are likely rare within the overall community. In contrast, tussock tundra soil contained more bacterial taxa that were active in both summer and winter and also represented a large portion of the total community. Using in silico digest of a sequence library from this site, we attempted to identify the dominant organisms in our samples. Our previous research suggested that the total microbial community was stable throughout the year, but this new study suggests that the active community is more dynamic seasonally. In general, only a subset of the total community was growing at a given time. This temporal niche partitioning may contribute to the high diversity of microbial communities in soils. Understanding which taxa contribute to microbial function under different conditions is the next frontier in microbial ecology and linking composition to biogeochemical cycling. 相似文献
90.
Dorith Rotenberg Ana Jiménez Wells Anna E. Whitfield Leslie R. Cooperband 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2007,39(11):2936-2948
The ability of an organic amendment to suppress soil-borne disease is mediated by the complex interactions between biotic and abiotic soil factors. Various microbiological and physicochemical soil properties were measured in field soils with histories of receiving 4 or 5 years of spring additions of paper mill residuals (PMR), PMR composted alone (PMRC), PMR composted with bark (PMRB), or no amendment under a conventionally managed vegetable crop rotation. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the residual and re-amendment effects of the organic materials on root rot disease severity; (ii) determine the influence of amendment type on the structure of bacterial communities associated with snap bean roots grown in these soils; and (iii) quantify the relative contributions of microbiological and physicochemical properties to root rot suppression in the field and greenhouse. While all amendment types significantly suppressed root rot disease compared to non-amended soils in both environments, only soils amended with PMR or PMRB sustained suppressive conditions 1 year after the most recent amendment event. Disease severity was inversely related to microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate assay) in recently amended soils only. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the 16s rRNA gene was performed to obtain bacterial profiles. Principal component analysis (PCA) of terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) revealed general differences in bacterial community composition (PC1) among amendment types, and specific TRFs contributed to these differences. Correlation and multiple regression analyses of the measured soil variables revealed that the composition of root-associated bacterial communities and the amount of particulate organic matter—carbon in bulk soils imparted independent and relatively equal contributions to the variation in disease severity documented in the field and greenhouse. Together, our findings provide evidence that disease suppression induced by annual PMR inputs was mediated by their differential effects on bacterial communities and the amount and quality of organic matter in these soils. 相似文献