Glycinebetaine Improves Chilling Tolerance in Hybrid Maize     

M. Farooq  T. Aziz  M. Hussain  H. Rehman  K. Jabran  & M. B. Khan 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(2):152-160

Plant growth and development is hampered by various environmental stresses including chilling. We investigated the possibility of improving chilling tolerance in hybrid maize by glycinebetaine (GB) seed treatments. Maize hybrid (Hycorn 8288) seeds were soaked in 50, 100 and 150 mg l^?1 (p.p.m.) aerated solution of GB for 24 h and were dried back. Treated and untreated seeds were sown at 27 °C (optimal temperature) and at 15 °C (chilling stress) under controlled conditions. Germination and seedling growth was significantly hindered under chilling stress. Moreover, chilling stress significantly reduced the starch metabolism and relative water contents (RWC), and increased the membrane electrolyte leakage. However, activities of antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) were increased under stress conditions. Seed treatments with GB improved the germination rate, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights, leaf and root scores, RWC, soluble sugars, α‐amylase activity and antioxidants significantly compared with untreated seeds under optimal and stress conditions. Induction of chilling tolerance was attributed to maintenance of high tissue water contents, reduced membrane electrolyte leakage, and higher antioxidant activities and carbohydrate metabolism. Seed treatment with 100 mg l^?1 GB was the best treatment for improving the performance of hybrid maize under normal and stress conditions compared with control and other levels used.  相似文献   

CIMMYT牧草与普通玉米杂交后植物学形态变异研究     

张兴端  霍仕平  向振凡  张健  晏庆九  余志江  张芳魁  何平  秦世明 《勤云标准版测试》2009,29(16)

[研究目的]为发掘利用CIMMYT牧草生长繁茂和抗逆能力强等优良遗传特性,改良普通玉米材料的抗逆性和创制新型饲草材料.[方法]以CIMMYT牧草和4个普通玉米自交系为遗传交配材料,比较研究了CIMMYT牧草和4个杂交(回交)后代材料的植物学形态特征及其与普通玉米的差异.[结果]CIMMYT牧草能将其生长繁茂、分蘖力强、生物产量高的特性遗传给杂交后代材料,并有较强的世代传递能力;该牧草幼苗、植株及其生长习性、花器官、种子特征等与普通玉米差异明显,其与普通玉米的杂交后代基本保持了它的生长发育特性,但花器官和种子特征更偏向于普通玉米;回交后代除保持了一定的分蘖特性、明显的多穗和返祖现象外,其余特征特性与普通玉米基本没有区别.[结论] CIMMYT牧草生长繁茂和生物产量高的特性能遗传给杂交后代,世代传递能力较强,通过遗传改良途径,能将CIM-MYT牧草的优良特性转育到普通玉米中,培育出饲草玉米育种新材料.  相似文献   

3%辛硫磷微胶囊种衣剂对玉米的安全性研究     

陈小波  冷阳  沈定宇  张崇斌  章东生  仲苏林 《金陵科技学院学报》2004,20(2):30-32

用包衣量为1：15～1：75的3％辛硫磷微胶囊种衣剂进行玉米室内发芽试验，结果证明其对当地主栽玉米品种的发芽、成苗安全；通过对不同叶龄玉米植株叶面喷雾的室内、外试验，表明该药剂剂型对玉米的叶面接触安全性高于同剂量的乳油。  相似文献   

河北省转基因抗虫棉花品种纤维品质分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘存敬  崔瑞敏  郭宝生  耿军义  刘素恩  王兆晓  张香云 《华北农学报》2008,23(Z2)

从2004年开始河北省棉花品种审定进入了除短季棉品种之外全部为转基因抗虫棉品种的新阶段,5年间共审定转基因抗虫棉花品种65个,本研究对其纤维品质性状进行了分析。结果表明:上半部平均长度集中在27.1~32.7 mm,86.2%品种属于Ⅱ型;比强度集中在24.6~32.0 cN/tex,53.85%品种属于Ⅲ型,没有Ⅰ型品种,20%品种低于Ⅲ型;马克隆值集中在3.6~5.3,13.84%品种属于Ⅰ型,83.08%品种属于Ⅱ型。2004-2007年,纤维品质逐年变好,但由于2007年吐絮期长时间降雨,造成2008年纤维品质出现了下滑。总的说来,我省转基因抗虫棉品种没有上半部平均长度≥31 mm,比强度≥34 cN/tex,马克隆值在3.7~4.2的综合表现Ⅰ型的品种,主要表现在比强度没有Ⅰ型品种,因而,我们的应该加强培育高比强的棉花新品种。  相似文献   

Conversion of the Statistical Combining Ability into a Genetic Concept   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LV Ai-zhi  ZHANG Hao  ZHANG Zu-xin  TAO Yong-sheng  YUE Bing  ZHENG Yong-lian 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2012,(1):43-52

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Over-expression of the citrus gene CtNH1 confers resistance to bacterial canker disease     

《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2013

Citrus canker is a devastating disease, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac). It is well established that the NPR1 gene plays a pivotal role in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of an NPR1 homolog from citrus, namely Citrus NPR1 homolog 1 (CtNH1). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicate that CtNH1 is closely-related to the Arabidopsis NPR1 gene and its orthologs from rice, grapevine, and cacao. When over-expressed in citrus, CtNH1 confers resistance to Xac and leads to constitutive expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) gene chitinase 1 (Chi1), suggesting that CtNH1 is orthologous to NPR1.  相似文献   

玉米生长与地面覆盖栽培试验     

周天生  朱芳华 《仲恺农业技术学院学报》1998,11(3):6-9,13

在广州秋播玉米采用稻草覆盖与地膜覆盖和无覆盖相比，稻草覆盖的玉米产量和穗行数性状明显优越，穗长，行粒数，穗粗，千料重等性状也有较好的趋势。稻草和黑色地膜覆盖，均可减少杂草萌发，稻草覆盖处理中萌发的杂草，仍然会不断生长，但个体数量已大大减少。  相似文献   

Accumulation of Zinc and Molar Ratio of Phytic Acid and Zinc during Maize Grain Maturation     

M. Horvati&#;  M. Ga&#;&#;  M. Filajdi&#; 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,180(4):233-239

Dynamics of the accumulation of total ash and zinc, and their relationships with total dry matter, crude proteins and phytic acid during maize grain maturation were investigated. The investigation was carried out on normal maize hybrids grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions over two consecutive vegetation years.
The amount of total ash, expressed on fresh and dry matter bases, changed significantly (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) during grain maturation depending on maturity stage and variety. The dynamics of the accumulation of ash in fresh grain matter during maturation as well as the ash amount in dry matter of mature grains were significantly affected by environmental conditions.
The accumulation of zinc in fresh matter of developing grain was significantly affected (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) by the degree of grain maturity and by variety, and correlates significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with the deposition of total dry matter, crude proteins as well as with phytic acid in both vegetation years.
The molar ratio of phytic acid and zinc increased significantly during grain maturation indicating a possible decrease of zinc availability.  相似文献   

Nitrate Leaching from Maize Intercropping Systems with N Fertilizer Over-Dose     

NIE Sheng-wei  AEgfinya Eneji  CHEN Yuan-quan  SUI Peng  HUANG Jian-xiong  HUANGShao-min 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2012,(9):1555-1565

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灌溉量和氮肥增效剂对夏玉米产量及水肥利用的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张俊  王小昌  崔晓路  李澳旗  赵璐  胡田田 《干旱地区农业研究》2024,(1):123-132

为探究水分和氮肥增效剂对夏玉米生长及水肥利用的综合影响，通过设置40 mm（W1）和60 mm（W2）两个灌水水平下不施氮肥（N0）、施用氮肥（U）、氮肥+硝化抑制剂（U+DCD）、氮肥+脲酶抑制剂（U+NBPT）、氮肥+双效抑制剂（U+N+D）5种氮肥施用措施，开展夏玉米田间试验。结果表明：相较于施用氮肥处理，氮肥配施增效剂可以显著提高夏玉米产量、成熟期地上生物量、净收益、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力，增幅分别为5.92%~13.82%、5.85%~18.07%、11.12%~24.30%、12.35%~41.83%和5.93%~13.80%，其中氮肥配施双效抑制剂效果较优；氮肥配施脲酶抑制剂和双效抑制剂可以降低夏玉米农田土壤氨挥发累积量和成熟期土壤硝态氮残留量，前者效果最优。相比于W1，W2水平下氮肥配施双效抑制剂处理玉米产量、成熟期地上生物量、净收益、水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高10.54%、15.51%、19.40%、20.31%和27.36%；氮肥配施脲酶抑制剂处理农田土壤氨挥发累积量和硝态氮残留量分别降低11.33%和48.46%。综合考虑夏玉米施肥灌水方案的经济效益、环境效益、水肥利用效率和玉米植株生长，构建模糊综合评价体系，得到最优处理为灌水量60 mm下氮肥配施双效抑制剂。  相似文献