A global benchmark map of water productivity for rainfed and irrigated wheat   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sander J. Zwart  Wim G.M. Bastiaanssen  Charlotte de Fraiture 《Agricultural Water Management》2010,97(10):1617-1627

The growing pressure on fresh water resources demands that agriculture becomes more productive with its current water use. Increasing water productivity is an often cited solution, though the current levels of water productivity are not systematically mapped. A global map of water productivity helps to identify where water resources are productively used, and identifies places where improvements are possible. The WATPRO water productivity model for wheat, using remote sensing data products as input, was applied at a global scale with global data sets of the NDVI and surface albedo to benchmark water productivity of wheat for the beginning of this millennium. Time profiles of the NDVI were used to determine the time frame from crop establishment to harvest on a pixel basis, which was considered the modelling period. It was found that water productivity varies from approximately 0.2 to 1.8 kg of harvestable wheat per cubic metre of water consumed. From the 10 largest producers of wheat, France and Germany score the highest country average water productivity of 1.42 and 1.35 kg m⁻³, respectively. The results were compared with modelling information by Liu et al. (2007) who applied the GEPIC model at a global scale to map water productivity, and by Chapagain and Hoekstra (2004) who used FAO statistics to determine water productivity per country. A comparison with Liu et al. showed a good correlation for most countries, but the correlation with the results by Chapagain and Hoekstra was less obvious. The global patterns of the water productivity map were compared with global data sets of precipitation and reference evapotranspiration to determine the impact of climate and of water availability reflected by precipitation. It appears that the highest levels of water productivity are to be expected in temperate climates with high precipitation. Due to its non-linear relationship with precipitation, it is expected that large gains in water productivity can be made with in situ rain water harvesting or supplemental irrigation in dry areas with low seasonal precipitation. A full understanding of the spatial patterns by country or river basin will support decisions on where to invest and what measures to take to make agriculture more water productive.  相似文献   

麦棉两熟种植条件下小麦根系生长及 　　空间分布规律的初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

麦类作物学报 《麦类作物学报》2000,20(1):2

通过样品扫描,采用DT-SCAN图形分析软件对麦套棉生态系统的小麦根系生长发育进行分析测定。结果表明,边行、中间行的根长密度峰值比空白行根长密度峰值提前6～7 d出现,边行在孕穗期根长密度的峰值>中间行的根长密度峰值>空白地的根长密度峰值。整个小麦生育期根系主要分布在0～30 cm范围,根系直径的分布、边行、中间行的直径变化规律基本一致,0～10 cm变化较大,20～100 cm变化基本平稳,而空白地根直径在40～60 cm变化较大,上层、下层较小。从各种参数比较,充分说明了边行根系的优势与地上部分的边行优势是一致的。  相似文献   

外源水杨酸对小麦幼苗镍毒害的缓解效应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李雪  高天鹏  吕亚娟  张鸣  张庆 《麦类作物学报》2015,35(3):402-407

为了解外源水杨酸(SA)对小麦镍胁迫的缓解作用,以小麦品种陇春3031为材料,采用溶液培养法,研究了不同浓度的SA对1 mmol·L-1 Ni2+胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及生理指标的影响。结果表明,1mmol·L-1 Ni2+胁迫显著降低了小麦幼苗的鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,显著提高了小麦幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量。与单独Ni2+胁迫相比,0.1和0.5mmol·L-1 SA处理,可显著提高小麦幼苗地上部和根的鲜重和干重(P0.05),增加小麦幼苗叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量,且叶绿素a/b显著升高。0.1mmol·L-1 SA处理,小麦幼苗总叶绿素含量升高了37.77%;提高了小麦幼苗叶和根中的POD活性和叶中的脯氨酸含量,降低了小麦幼苗根中脯氨酸含量;有效抑制了小麦叶和根中MDA含量的增加。说明适宜浓度的SA处理能缓解镍胁迫对小麦幼苗的毒害,增强其抗镍胁迫能力。  相似文献   

小麦TCP基因家族的全基因组鉴定和对热胁迫的响应     

丁宁  李梓彰  田文  党仁美  刘媛媛  闻珊珊 《麦类作物学报》2018,(10):1157-1165

TCP是植物发育调控的重要转录因子。为了挖掘小麦TCP基因的功能,本研究利用生物信息学方法和qRT-PCR技术,对小麦TCP基因家族进行全基因组鉴定和在热胁迫下的表达分析。全基因组鉴定结果表明,普通小麦品种中国春中存在58个非冗余的TaTCP基因。根据与AtTCPs和OsTCPs的系统发育分析,在小麦中分别有26个PCF、20个CIN和12个CYC/TB1聚类。进一步预测TaTCP基因在达尔文进化下的压力选择,发现除了TaTCP16-A相对于乌拉尔图小麦中直系同源基因是正向选择,其他基因都是纯化选择的过程。利用在线RNA-seq数据分析TaTCPs基因在5种组织器官中与冷、热和干旱胁迫下的表达图谱,结果显示,小麦TCP基因在不同的组织和胁迫中存在差异表达。最后,通过qRT-PCR技术检测12个不同发育阶段的小麦叶片在短期热胁迫下TaTCP5部分同源基因的表达水平,结果表明,在35℃下处理1h,TaTCP5-D的相对表达量在拔节期、拔节后期、孕穗前期和抽穗期都有明显的上调,这些结果为进一步研究TaTCP基因的功能奠定了良好的基础。  相似文献   

小麦籽粒淀粉合成、淀粉特性及其调控研究进展   总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

王晨阳 何英方保停  王书丽付雪丽 郭天财 《麦类作物学报》2005,25(1):109-114

淀粉是小麦籽粒中的主要成份,与中国传统食品(如面条、馒头等)的加工品质关系极为密切。目前淀粉品质的研究相对薄弱。本文综述了小麦淀粉合成关键酶、灌浆期间淀粉合成酶的变化与调控、灌浆期间淀粉的积累动态、淀粉特性及其农艺调控措施、淀粉特性与面食加工品质的关系等,以促进对小麦淀粉品质的了解和深入研究,为相关领域研究人员提供有益的参考信息。  相似文献   

Interaction of 15N-labelled ammonium nitrate,urea and ammonium sulphate with soil N during growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under field conditions     

A. Hamid  M. Ahmad 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1995,20(3):185-189

The effects of ¹⁵N-labelled ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate on yield and uptake of labelled and unlabelled N by wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Mexi-Pak-65) were studied in a field experiment. The dry matter and N yields were significantly increased with fertilizer N application compared to those from unfertilized soil. The wheat crop used 64.0–74.8%, 61.5–64.7% and 61.7–63.4% of the N from ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate, respectively. The fertilizer N uptake showed that ammonium nitrate was a more available source of N for wheat than urea and ammonium sulphate. The effective use of fertilizer N (ratio of fertilizer N in grain to fertilizer N in whole plant) was statistically similar for the three N fertilizers. The application of fertilizer N increased the uptake of unlabelled soil N by wheat, a result attributed to a positive added N interaction, which varied with the method of application of fertilizer N. Ammonium nitrate, urea and ammonium sulphate gave 59.3%, 42.8% and 26.3% more added N interaction, respectively, when applied by the broadcast/worked-in method than with band placement. A highly significant correlation between soil N and grain yield, dry matter and added N interaction showed that soil N was more important than fertilizer N in wheat production. A values were not significantly correlated with added N interaction (r=0.719). The observed added N interaction may have been the result of pool substitution, whereby added labelled fertilizer N stood proxy for unlabelled soil N.  相似文献   

播种方式对不同品种小麦产量和品质的影响     

王玉娇  常旭虹  王德梅  王艳杰  杨玉双  石书兵  赵广才 《作物杂志》2023,39(1):122-92

研究不同播种方式对不同品种小麦产量和品质的影响,为小麦高产高效栽培提供参考。采用二因素随机区组设计,播种方式为匀播（A1）和常规条播（A2）,小麦品种为衡观35(B1)、邯6172(B2)、轮选103(B3)和石麦25(B4)。结果表明,2种播种方式对植株性状影响差异显著,条播的株高和穗粒数均显著高于匀播,匀播的产量、穗数和千粒重均显著高于条播,其中匀播处理的产量比条播提高4.42%。播种方式对小麦的容重、面筋指数、出粉率和14%吸水率有显著影响,匀播处理的小麦出粉率比条播高2.02个百分点。条播处理下石麦25的产量最高,衡观35的磨粉品质较好;匀播处理下衡观35、邯6172和轮选103的产量均较高,邯6172的粉质指标较好。  相似文献   

水氮限量供给下两个高产小麦品种氮素吸收与利用特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

臧贺藏  刘云鹏  曹莲  张英华  王志敏 《麦类作物学报》2012,32(3):503-509

为给华北地区冬小麦节水高产高效栽培提供理论依据,选用当地两个主栽冬小麦品种济麦22和石麦15为材料,在大田春灌一水(W1)和春灌二水(W2)2个灌水条件下均设置192kg.hm-2(N1)和270kg.hm-2(N2)2个施氮水平,研究了在水氮限量供给下冬小麦氮素吸收利用特征。结果表明:(1)在W1水平下,济麦22籽粒产量N1与N2处理无显著差异,石麦15籽粒产量N1处理显著高于N2处理;在W2水平下,两个小麦品种均以N1处理籽粒产量最高;在相同施氮水平下,两个小麦品种籽粒产量均以W2处理最高;在不同水氮处理下,济麦22籽粒产量高于石麦15。(2)在相同灌溉水平下,两品种氮素利用效率和氮肥生产效率均以N1处理较高;在相同施氮水平下,两个品种氮素利用效率和氮肥生产效率均以W2处理较高;在不同水氮处理下,济麦22氮素利用效率和氮肥生产效率高于石麦15。(3)在相同灌溉水平下,两小麦品种花后氮素积累量和分配比例均以N1处理最高;在相同施氮水平下,两小麦品种花后氮素积累量和分配比例均以W2处理最高。在不同水氮处理下,石麦15花后氮素积累量和分配比例高于济麦22。(4)方差分析表明,灌溉、品种、氮肥以及氮肥与品种、灌溉与氮肥的互作对籽粒产量影响均达显著水平,其中灌溉效应起主导作用。综合分析认为,两个小麦品种在限量供水(W2水平)、适量供氮(N1)处理下可以协调促进花后氮素积累、分配和有效转运,获得高产、高氮素利用效率和高氮肥生产效率。  相似文献   

几种生物刺激素对小麦产量形成及品质的调控     

张运红  杨占平  郑春风  和爱玲  秦毛毛  黄绍敏  刘艳喜  骆晓声  杨红燕  张江川 《麦类作物学报》2019,(11):1333-1342

为比较农用腐殖酸、生化腐殖酸、海藻酸钠寡糖、氨基酸、复合生物刺激素在小麦上的应用效果,采用盆栽试验,分析了这5种生物刺激素喷施对小麦产量形成及品质的影响。结果表明,喷施5种生物刺激素均可一定程度促进小麦旗叶的生长和提高SPAD值,以海藻酸钠寡糖处理效果最优,其净光合速率和水分利用效率较对照均显著增加,气孔限制值则显著下降。除氨基酸处理外,其他生物刺激素处理均可不同程度增加小麦产量,也以海藻酸钠寡糖处理效果最佳,其穗顶部、中部和基部的籽粒重、穗粒数及千粒重均显著增加。5种生物刺激素处理均能不同程度提高小麦总淀粉含量,以生化腐殖酸处理效果最优;此外,生化腐殖酸、农用腐殖酸和海藻酸钠寡糖处理还可提高支链淀粉含量,降低直/支比。除农用腐殖酸外,其余生物刺激素处理的蛋白质、湿面筋和干面筋含量均显著下降。综合而言,5种生物刺激素中,以海藻酸钠寡糖对小麦产量形成的促进效果较好,但对品质具有不利影响。  相似文献   

稻茬田肥力水平与施氮量对小麦籽粒产量和物质生产的影响     

张铭  蒋达  缪瑞林  许轲  刘艳阳  张军  张洪程 《麦类作物学报》2010,30(2):330-336

为给江苏淮北麦区不同肥力土壤上小麦高产施氮提供理论依据,以该麦区主推中筋小麦淮麦19和强筋小麦烟农19为材料,研究了高、中、低肥力稻茬田上施氮量对小麦籽粒产量和物质生产的影响。结果表明,产量与施氮量在高、中土壤肥力条件下呈二次曲线关系,在低肥力条件下呈线性关系;高、中肥力条件下获得最高产量所需施氮量淮麦19分别为246.7和286.1 kg·hm-2,烟农19分别为247.9和292.6 kg·hm-2;不同土壤肥力水平的高产处理在各个生育时期均有相应较高的群体质量性状。各土壤肥力条件下的不同施氮量处理,由于小麦物质生产多方面因素的综合作用,均出现了各自相对的最高产量,而最高产量随土壤肥力提高而显著上升,相反取得最高产量所需的施氮量却依次相应降低。因此,小麦生产中要因土壤肥力水平的高低来制定不同的目标产量以及相对应的精确施氮量。  相似文献