抗生素相关性腹泻对小鼠血常规的影响     

邓艳玲  刘又嘉  肖新云  谭周进 《湖南农业科学》2016,(6):23-25

以小鼠为对象,通过抗生素混合液灌胃5 d建立小鼠肠道菌群失调模型,以等量生理盐水为对照,研究抗生素相关腹泻对小鼠血常规的影响。结果表明:抗生素相关性腹泻使小鼠血小板数量及平均体积均显著小于对照组(P0.05),红细胞分布宽度显著大于对照组(P0.05),其余各项指标均与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。这表明抗生素相关性腹泻可显著降低血小板计数、血小板平均体积和红细胞分布宽度,对小鼠的凝血功能有显著的影响。  相似文献   

不同抗生素和防腐剂对小球藻Chlorella sorokiniana细胞生长的影响          下载免费PDF全文

李亚军  朱为菊  费小雯  邓晓东 《南方农业学报》2017,48(11):2078-2085

[目的]分析不同抗生素和防腐剂对小球藻Chlorella sorokiniana细胞生长的影响,筛选出适宜的抗生素和防腐剂种类及其剂量,为建立小球藻C.sorokiniana无菌培养体系提供参考依据.[方法]在HSM培养基中分别添加10、20、40、60、80和100μg/mL抗生素,包括氯霉素、链霉素、青霉素、庆大霉素和头孢噻肟,以及山梨酸钾(50、100、150和200μg/mL)、乳酸钠(0.5%、1.0%和2.0%)、富马酸二甲酯(0.1、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0、25.0和50.0μg/mL)等防腐剂,培养3 d后测定小球藻C.sorokiniana的细胞密度、叶绿素含量及光系统Ⅱ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm).[结果]添加10~100μg/mL青霉素或10~80μg/mL头孢噻肟对小球藻C.sorokiniana细胞密度、叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm的影响均不显著(P>0.05,下同);添加100μg/mL头孢噻肟会抑制藻细胞生长,抑制率为18.89%,并引起叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm极显著下降(P<0.01,下同).氯霉素、链霉素和庆大霉素等蛋白质合成抑制类抗生素对小球藻C.sorokiniana细胞的毒性较强,高于10μg/mL的链霉素和庆大霉素及高于20μg/mL的氯霉素均极显著抑制藻细胞生长,对应的叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm也极显著下降.3种防腐剂中,山梨酸钾对小球藻C.sorokiniana细胞生长无显著影响,添加200μg/mL山梨酸钾还会促进细胞叶绿素含量增加;乳酸钠对小球藻C.sorokiniana细胞有一定的毒性作用,其藻细胞密度、叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm随添加浓度增加而降低;添加0.1~10.0μg/mL富马酸二甲酯不影响小球藻C.sorokiniana的细胞密度及叶绿素含量,但Fv/Fm极显著下降.[结论]建立小球藻C.sorokiniana无菌培养体系时宜选用青霉素和头孢噻肟为抗生素、山梨酸钾为防腐剂,其推荐使用浓度分别为青霉素100μg/mL、头孢噻肟80μg/mL、山梨酸钾200μg/mL.  相似文献   

粪源环丙沙星对潮土中抗生素抗性基因的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

常旭卉  贾书刚  王淑平  周志强 《农业环境科学学报》2018,37(12):2727-2737

为了探究粪源环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin, CIP)对潮土中抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的影响,布置培养试验(81 d),设置5个处理,分别为Ⅰ:CK(对照),Ⅱ:CIP(外源添加CIP),Ⅲ:DF(不含CIP的鸭粪),Ⅳ:DF+CIP(Ⅲ基础上外源添加CIP),Ⅴ:DF(CIP)(粪源CIP)。采用PCR技术分析土壤中6大类27种抗生素抗性基因和4种可移动遗传元件的检出情况,并利用荧光定量PCR技术对检出频率较高的目的基因及总细菌基因(16S rRNA)的绝对丰度进行检测。结果表明:不同处理土壤中共检出6种ARGs(tet G、sulⅠ、qnr A、qnr S、aad A2、aad D)和1种可移动遗传元件(intⅠ),且检测到的目的基因基本一致。DF(CIP)和DF+CIP处理对土壤中细菌和不同种类ARGs的影响不同。DF(CIP)、DF+CIP处理均显著降低了土壤中16S rRNA、tet G的绝对丰度;DF(CIP)处理显著增加了土壤中sulⅠ、aad A2的绝对丰度;DF+CIP处理显著增加了土壤中qnr A的绝对丰度。不同种类的ARGs与intⅠ、土壤理化性质的偏相关性分析表明,土壤中intⅠ与sulⅠ、aad A2呈正相关,与qnr A呈负相关,qnr A与CIP残留量呈正相关,tet G与有机质呈正相关。研究结果可为科学地评价氟喹诺酮类抗生素的环境风险以及粪肥的合理施用提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

养殖废弃物堆肥中抗生素和抗性基因的降解研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

宋婷婷  朱昌雄  薛萐  李斌绪  张治国  李红娜 《农业环境科学学报》2020,39(5):933-943

抗生素的滥用及排放会造成细菌产生耐药性以及抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)的传播和扩散。畜禽粪便是导致环境中抗生素污染的主要来源之一。本文综述了四环素类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、β-内酰胺类、磺胺类和氨基糖苷类等在水土环境中广泛存在的抗生素及其环境残留水平和对动植物、微生物的影响,分析了当前利用堆肥技术降解畜禽粪便中抗生素和ARGs效果及机制的研究情况。总结得出,猪粪中抗生素残留量最高,其中四环素类残留量为1390~354 000 mg·kg^-1,磺胺类170.6~89 000 mg·kg^-1,氟喹诺酮类411.3~1 516.2 mg·kg^-1,硝基呋喃类85.1~158.1 mg·kg^-1,大环内酯类1.4~4.8 mg·kg^-1。堆肥对大部分抗生素具有好的降解效果,其中四环素类抗生素降解率为62.7%~99%,磺胺类为0~99.99%,对大环内酯类几乎可以完全降解,但是,堆肥无法降解喹诺酮类抗生素。养殖废弃物堆肥过程中,ARGs的降解情况同样因抗生素种类和堆肥方式而不同。已有的研究表明,除大环内酯类ARGs外,堆肥对其他ARGs均具有有效的降解效果,降解率为50.03%~100%。堆肥初期的优势菌门是厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门;堆肥结束后放线菌门成为最优势菌门。初始抗生素的浓度不影响堆肥结束时微生物的群落组成。温度和pH是影响抗生素降解的最主要因素,而ARGs的降解效果主要受温度影响。  相似文献   

核磁共振技术在枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌物质结构鉴定中的应用     

商伟伟  蔡良  罗磊  沈加彬  施碧红 《台湾农业探索》2012,(1):67-70

核磁共振(NMR)技术是化合物结构鉴定的一种重要的方法。该文简单介绍了NMR技术的基本原理,及NMR技术在枯草芽孢杆菌所产的多肽、脂肽类抗菌物质结构鉴定中的运用概况,进一步阐述了NMR联用技术的发展现状,展望了其在枯草芽孢杆菌抗菌物的结构鉴定方面的应用前景。  相似文献   

广东省某猪场链球菌的分离与鉴定     

郭慧霞  米政实  梁曼怡  王怡飞  徐晓娟  张良  黄永亮 《现代农业科技》2012,(18):269-270,278

为了解广东省茂名某猪场暴发猪链球菌病的详细情况及制作灭活疫苗给猪群接种免疫。该研究通过分离细菌、PCR鉴定、生化试验等方法分离、鉴定细菌,并通过动物试验了解该分离菌的致病性。最后通过药敏试验找出高敏药物用于临床治疗及了解该猪场细菌病的耐药性,指导临床合理用药。  相似文献   

Erwinia amylovora populations resistant to oxolinic acid in Israel: prevalence, persistence and fitness     

F. Kleitman  D. Shtienberg  D. Blachinsky  D. Oppenheim  M. Zilberstaine  O. Dror  S. Manulis 《Plant pathology》2005,54(2):108-115

Oxolinic acid (OA) has been the only bactericide used against fire blight in pear and quince orchards in Israel since 1998. OA-resistant Erwinia amylovora strains (Ea-OA^R) were detected in several orchards in two restricted areas in the northern Galilee region during 1999–2001. In the following years, resistant strains could not be detected in some of these locations. Documenting the fate of Ea-OA^R strains in commercial orchards at eight sites in northern Israel during 2000/03 revealed that the resistant population appeared irrespective of the number of sprays applied and the severity of the disease. The persistence of the Ea-OA^R populations varied from site to site, ranging from 4 to 20 months; these differences could be attributed to the fire blight management activities of growers. Comparative studies on the fitness of Ea-OA^R and E. amylovora strains sensitive to OA (Ea-OA^S) were conducted in vitro and in planta using two strains of each group. In four of the six comparisons, disease incidence on detached blossoms inoculated with Ea-OA^S was significantly higher than that on blossoms inoculated with Ea-OA^R. In two experiments conducted on 8-year-old pear trees grown under netting, the colonization of Ea-OA^S in blossoms, annual shoots and perennial spurs was significantly higher than that of the Ea-OA^R. In two experiments conducted on 2-year-old trees grown under netting in an experimental station, the incidence of shoots exhibiting fire blight symptoms and the rate of symptom progress within the branches were significantly higher in trees inoculated with Ea-OA^S than in those inoculated with Ea-OA^R. The results of this study suggest that OA-resistant E. amylovora strains have lower fitness than wild-type strains. These findings may have implications for fire blight management.  相似文献   

新疆蕨类植物的抗菌活性初探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

苏建新  买买提依明  乌斯曼  古丽斯木阿衣 《干旱区研究》1999,16(3):41-43

对新疆９种苦头类植物孢子叶或营养叶的抗菌活性进行了生物测定,试验结果表明有６种苦头类植物孢子叶或营养叶对１－２种细菌具有较强的抑制作用,而对真菌均无抑制活性。  相似文献   

Evaluation of treatment and prophylaxis with nitrofurans and comparison with alternative antimicrobial agents in experimental Salmonella enterica Serovar enteritidis infection in chicks     

Chadfield MS  Hinton MH 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(4):257-273

The ability of the nitrofuran antimicrobial agents furazolidone and furaltadone to prevent, reduce or eliminate Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis PT4 infection in artificially challenged day-old chicks was evaluated. Treating the birds with the nitrofurans failed to eliminate established infections with either furazolidone-resistant (Fz^R) or furazolidone-sensitive (Fz^S) strains. Simultaneous administration of the nitrofurans to day-old chicks challenged with Fz^S failed to prevent infection but reduced colonization significantly (p<0.05) compared to unmedicated controls. No reduction of colonization occurred with Fz^R. Challenging birds with Fz^S and simultaneous dosing with nitrofurans for 1 week, followed by a second week of continued treatment, resulted in an increase in the level of colonization in the second week rather than a decrease. Dosing with the nitrofurans (200 ppm) for 1 week prior to challenge with Fz and continued medication for a further week prevented colonization of the caecum, liver and spleen. However, cessation of dosing at the time of challenge with salmonella resulted in colonization. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline at concentrations of 200 ppm were both independently capable of preventing colonization by salmonella. Sulphadiazine initially reduced colonization but failed to eliminate the infection. Only when furazolidone was combined with chloramphenicol or when sulphadiazine was combined with trimethoprim, and the combined drugs were administered concurrently with the challenge, was colonization prevented.  相似文献   

家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展马红霞   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

马红霞  孙娜  裴志花  高光 《中国兽药杂志》2007,41(11):45-49

从家蝇抗菌肽的分类、结构特点、作用机理、诱变、活性检验以及分子生物学研究等方面介绍了家蝇抗菌肽的研究进展。家蝇抗菌肽独特的作用机理、成熟的诱导、分离纯化技术及其相关基因的克隆、表达等研究成果均为对家蝇抗菌肽进行更深入的研究奠定了基础。采用分子生物学技术有望筛选并制备大量的高效家蝇抗菌肽。  相似文献