植物抗氧化剂的研究概况与发展趋势   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12  

郑德勇  安鑫南 《林产化学与工业》2004,24(3):113-118

植物抗氧化剂及其有关活性成分主要有黄酮类化合物、植物多酚、酚酸类化合物、维生素、活性多糖、酶、蛋白质和氨基酸等类型，在生物体内通过电子转移、络合金属离子、联合抗氧化作用和影响基因表达等机理起作用，在食品、医药、保健品和化妆品等方面将有广泛应用。提出应在原料筛选、提取分离方法的创新，多组分协同作用机理和抗氧化活性成分的构效关系等方面深入研究。  相似文献   

Antioxidant profile of cataractous English Cocker Spaniels   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Barros PS  Angelotti AC  Nobre F  Morales A  Fantoni DT  Barros SB 《Veterinary ophthalmology》1999,2(2):83-86

Cataracts have been attributed to oxidative injury in proteins and lipids. Primary defenses that directly protect the lens against oxidative damage include small molecule antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione and carotenoids) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and the glutathione enzyme systems – glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). In humans, low plasmatic levels of vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids have been associated with a high risk of senile cataracts. Dogs are more prone to develop cataracts. A decrease in antioxidant defenses could be responsible for increased lens oxidation and cataract development. In this study we report the levels of erythrocytic enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and plasma vitamin C as well as malondialdehyde, in normal and cataractous English Cocker Spaniel dogs. Plasma vitamin C levels were consistently lower in cataractous dogs (20.17 μ m  ± 8.2 μ m ) when compared with normal dogs (24.1 μ m  ± 9.4 μ m ). These results indicate a possibly decreased synthesis in vitamin C, leading to lower aqueous humor levels of this vitamin. Considering that vitamin C levels in the aqueous humor may be responsible for lens antioxidant maintenance, and that these levels are obtained from plasma secretion through the ciliary epithelium, decreased plasma levels may indicate a decrease in the antioxidant capacity of the aqueous humor.  相似文献   

Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on rotenone-induced myocardial oxidative injury     

Mehmet Be?ir Akpinar  Semsettin Sahin  Atilla Ilhan 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2005,82(3):233-239

Rotenone, an insecticide, causes toxicity through inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex I and oxidative injury to the tissues. The aim of the present study was to determine in vivo effects of rotenone on myocardium and cardio-protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant agent, against rotenone toxicity in rats. The rats were divided into three groups: untreated control, rotenone (2.5 mg/kg/day for 60 days, i.p.) and rotenone + CAPE groups. CAPE was administrated i.p. 10 μmol/kg/day for 62 days started two days before first dose rotenone injection. The malondialdehyde, nitric oxide levels and xanthine oxidase activity of rotenone group was significantly higher than control and rotenone + CAPE groups (p < 0.05). However, catalase activity in the rotenone group was decreased in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05). The superoxide dismutase activity of rotenone group was insignificantly decreased compared to the others. In conclusion, rotenone caused lipid peroxidation in myocardial tissue and CAPE treatment prevented this rotenone-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. CAPE might be a cardio-protective agent against myocardial toxicities.  相似文献   

Antioxidant activity of hydrolysates of deer bone gelatin in a liposome     

ZHAO Yuhong GAO Tian ZHANG Ligang 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2007,14(2):143-147

Gelatin extracted from deer bone was hydrolyzed for 3.5-120 min.The degree of hydrolysis was higher from Alcalase- hydrolyzed gelatin than that from neutral proteinase-hydrolyzed gelatin.Alcalase-hydrolyzed gelatin exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity than that of neutral proteinase-hydrolyzed gelatin.Hydrolysates showed strong radical-scavenging ability and Fe~(2 )-chelating activity,both of which were influenced by hydrolysis time.Although nonhydrolyzed gelatin displayed a certain antioxidative effect,it was far less than that of hydrolysates.The hydrolysates of deer bone gelatin can work as a radical stabilizer and metal ion chelator to inhibit lipid oxidation.  相似文献   

The protective effects of Vitamin C and Trolox on kinematic and oxidative stress indices in rainbow trout sperm cells against flower‐like ZnO nanoparticles     

Mustafa Erkan zgür 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(10):2838-2845

This study investigated the protective effects of 1 mM Vitamin C and 1 mM Trolox on kinematic and oxidative stresses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm cells against flower‐like zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NP, 1 mg/L) in vitro, during 2 hr. Trolox showed protective effects on all kinematic parameters measured for sperm cells against ZnO‐NPs, whereas Vitamin C only affected angular path velocity (VAP), linearity (LIN) and amplitude of lateral displacement of the sperm cell head (ALH). Although ZnO‐NPs reduced total glutathione (TGSH) and catalase (CAT) compared with the control, there were positive treatment effects for both Trolox and Vitamin C on antioxidant capacity. Conversely, while ZnO‐NP increased the rate of malondialdehyde (MDA) lipid peroxidation, it decreased following antioxidant therapy. This research suggests that Trolox and Vitamin C play a protective role for rainbow trout sperm exposed to ZnO‐NP.  相似文献   

Proximate Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Orange Mud Crab,Scylla olivacea     

Wan Roslina Wan Yusof  Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmad  Noorasmin Mokhtar Ahmad  Awang Sallehin Awang Husaini  Mummedy Swamy 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2019,28(4):365-374

The proximate composition and antioxidant properties of the muscle tissues of Scylla olivacea are reported herein. The carbohydrate content was in the range of 1.52% to 3.07%, while protein varied from 13.30% to 17.28%. Meanwhile, the fat content for S. olivacea was found to be ranging from 0.20% to 0.57%. The moisture content in S. olivacea was 60.00%. Generally, no significant differences were observed in both male and female tissues of S. olivacea regarding its total phenolic content, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, and superoxide dismutase activities. However, significant differences were observed for the total flavonoid content and activity of catalase. The present results revealed the nutritional information and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status of the tissues of S. olivacea.  相似文献   

枸杞中抗氧化性物质的提取及抗氧化性研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

靳利娥  谢鲜梅  常丽萍 《林产化学与工业》2006,26(3):55-58

分别采用超声波提取法和索氏提取法对枸杞中抗氧化性物质进行了提取,碘量法测定各提取物的抗氧化活性,并考察了提取物与VC、VE所产生的协同效应,确定了提取枸杞中抗氧化物的最佳方法。结果表明:超声波提取法具有时间短,操作简单的特点;枸杞中含有一定量的抗氧化性物质,其抗氧化性低于合成的抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)和VC,但高于VE和柠檬酸。其中,用60%的乙醇对枸杞进行提取得到的提取物其抗氧化性最强。同VC、VE的协同实验证实:无论是VC还是VE同枸杞提取物均能产生很强的协同效应,其协同效果高于BHT的抗氧化性,其中,VC的协同效果高于VE。因此从枸杞中提取抗氧化性物质并同VC使用可替代BHT。  相似文献   

外源水杨酸对水曲柳幼苗遭受冷害后抗光氧化能力的影响Ⅱ. 对抗氧化剂含量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴楚  王政权 《湖北农学院学报》2003,23(1):8-13

在植物的抗为氧化过程中除了抗氧化酶起作用外，抗氧化剂也起着重要作用。在植物所有抗氧化剂中，抗坏血酸（AsA)和谷胱革肽（GSH）最重要。外源水杨酸（SA）处理水曲柳（Fraxinus manshurica)幼苗叶片，同时增加了AsA和脱氢抗坏血酸（DHA）的含量，使叶片中总抗坏血酸含量增加，这有利于水曲柳叶片抵抗光氧化胁迫。外源SA处理却使GSH含量降低，从而GSH在总谷胱甘肽中的比例降低。由于外源SA处理增加了过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性，从而使叶片中H2O2含量降低。众多因素的影响叶片中丙二醛（MDA）含量降低，表明了外源SA处理使膜脂过氧化降低，保护了叶片不受光氧化胁迫的伤害。  相似文献   

Improving Water Relations and Gas Exchange with Brassinosteroids in Rice under Drought Stress     

M. Farooq  A. Wahid  S. M. A. Basra  & Islam-ud-Din 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(4):262-269

Drought stress is the most pervasive threat to sustainable rice production and mainly disrupts membrane structure and cell-water relations. Exogenously applied brassinosteroids (BRs) may produce profound changes that may improve drought tolerance in rice. In this study, we monitored some physiological basis of the exogenously applied BRs in improving drought tolerance in fine grain aromatic rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Two BRs i.e. 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) were used both as seed priming and foliar spray. To prime, the seeds were soaked in 0.01 μ m aerated solution each of HBL and EBL for 48 h and dried back to original weight. Treated and untreated seeds were sown in plastic pots with normal irrigation in a phytotron. At four-leaf stage (3 weeks after sowing), plants were subjected to drought stress at 50 % field capacity by cutting down the water supply. For foliar spray, 0.01 μ m of HBL and EBL solutions were sprayed at five-leaf stage. Drought stress severely reduced fresh and dry weights, whilst exogenously applied BRs improved net CO₂ assimilation, water use efficiency, leaf water status, membrane properties, production of free proline, anthocyanins, soluble phenolics, but declined the malondialdehyde and H₂O₂ production. In conclusion, BRs application improved the leaf water economy and CO₂ assimilation, and enabled rice to withstand drought. Moreover, foliar spray had better effect under drought than seed treatments and of the two BRs, EBL proved more effective.  相似文献   

Exogenously Applied Nitric Oxide Enhances the Drought Tolerance in Fine Grain Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

M. Farooq  S. M. A. Basra  A. Wahid  & H. Rehman 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(4):254-261

Drought stress is a severe threat to the sustainable rice production, which causes oxidative damage and disturbs plant water relations, while exogenously applied nitric oxide (NO) may have the potential to alleviate these effects in rice plants. In this study, the role of NO to improve drought tolerance in fine grain aromatic rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Basmati 2000) was evaluated. Sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor, was used at 50, 100 and 150  μ mol l⁻¹ both as seed priming and foliar spray. To prime, the seeds were soaked in aerated NO solution of respective solution for 48 h and dried back to original weight. Primed and non-primed seeds were sown in plastic pots with normal irrigation in a greenhouse. At four leaf stage, plants were subjected to drought stress except the controls, which were kept at full field capacity. Drought was maintained at 50 % of field capacity by watering when needed. Two controls were maintained; both receiving no NO treatments as foliar application or seed treatment, one under drought conditions and the other under well-watered conditions. Drought stress seriously reduced the rice growth, but both methods of NO application alleviated the stress effects. Drought tolerance in rice was strongly related to the maintenance of tissue water potential and enhanced capacity of antioxidants, improved stability of cellular membranes and enhanced photosynthetic capacity, plausibly by signalling action of NO. Foliar treatments proved more effective than the seed treatments. Among NO treatment, 100  μ mol l⁻¹ foliar spray was more effective.  相似文献