Drought and Salt Stress Mitigation by Seed Priming with KNO3 and Urea in Various Maize Hybrids: An Experimental Approach Based on Enhancing Antioxidant Responses     

A. Saed-Moocheshi  A. Shekoofa  H. Sadeghi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(5):674-689

Priming offers an effective means for counteracting different stresses induced oxidative injury and raising seed performance in many crop species. The present study was carried out to investigate the ability of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) and urea to promote the tolerance of different maize hybrids to drought and salt stresses to identify some biochemical parameters associated with KNO₃ and urea induced resistance in maize seedlings. An experiment was conducted in a controlled environment of the laboratory at the college of agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz Iran, during 2010. The first factor was stress type and intensity at five levels; moderate drought, severe drought, moderate salt, severe salt, and control (without stress). Seed priming was the second factor; water as control, KNO₃, and urea, and maize hybrids, including Maxima, SC704, Zola, and 304 were the third factor. Results indicated that the highest chlorophyll a (Ch a), chlorophyll b (Ch b), total chlorophyll (Ch T) contents, and carotenoids (Car) were found in no stress treatments and the most proline, protein contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities in severe drought treatment. Also, results revealed that generally, drought and salinity stresses decreased the amount of Ch a and the lowest Ch a was recorded for severe salinity stress (4.29 mg g^?1). Stresses caused decrease in Ch b, but the effect of sever salinity level was higher than the others. Priming of KNO₃ had significantly higher proline content than water and urea priming. The SC704 and 304 hybrids showed higher proline content than the other ones. Finally, the maize seed KNO₃ and urea priming lead to high activities of antioxidant defensive enzymes and increase the tolerance level to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought.  相似文献   

Crop photosynthetic response to light quality and light intensity          下载免费PDF全文

Iram SHAFIQ  Sajad HUSSAIN  Muhammad Ali RAZA  Nasir IQBAL  Muhammad Ahsan ASGHAR  Ali RAZA  Yuan-fang FAN  Maryam MUMTAZ  Muhammad SHOAIB  Muhammad ANSAR  Abdul MANAF  Wen-yu YANG  Feng YANG 《农业科学学报》2021,20(1):4-23

Under natural conditions, plants constantly encounter various biotic and abiotic factors, which can potentially restrict plant growth and development and even limit crop productivity. Among various abiotic factors affecting plant photosynthesis, light serves as an important factor that drives carbon metabolism in plants and supports life on earth. The two components of light(light quality and light intensity) greatly affect plant photosynthesis and other plant's morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. The response of plants to different spectral radiations and intensities differs in various species and also depends on growing conditions. To date, much research has been conducted regarding how different spectral radiations of varying intensity can affect plant growth and development. This review is an effort to briefly summarize the available information on the effects of light components on various plant parameters such as stem and leaf morphology and anatomy, stomatal development, photosynthetic apparatus, pigment composition, reactive oxygen species(ROS) production, antioxidants, and hormone production.  相似文献   

蜂花粉抗氧化的机理与应用   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

李雅晶  胡福良  冯磊 《蜜蜂杂志》2005,(3):9-11

从氧化损伤的形成与危害出发, 介绍了几类主要的膳食抗氧化剂及其抗氧化损伤的作用机理。根据膳食抗氧化剂的作用原理,论述了蜂花粉中抗氧化的功能因子,如维生素C、维生素E、黄酮类化合物等。综述了花粉应用于几大类氧化损伤型疾病的研究现状。同时,对花粉类保健食品和药品的开发方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

肉制品中天然抗氧化剂的研究进展     

唐长波  刘臣 《安徽农学通报》2013,(16):30-32

天然抗氧化剂因其具有无毒、无害、无副作用等优点越来越受到青睐,在肉类工业领域具有广阔的应用前景。该文概述了肉制品中脂肪氧化和蛋白质氧化的发生机理、天然抗氧化剂的抗氧化机理及其应用,并对植物提取物在肉制品抗氧化研究中存在的问题进行了总结。开发安全、高效、成本低廉的天然抗氧化剂应用于肉制品中将会是今后重要的研究方向。  相似文献   

Benefits under the Sea: The Role of Marine Compounds in Neurodegenerative Disorders     

Mariano Catanesi  Giulia Caioni  Vanessa Castelli  Elisabetta Benedetti  Michele d&#x;Angelo  Annamaria Cimini 《Marine drugs》2021,19(1)

Marine habitats offer a rich reservoir of new bioactive compounds with great pharmaceutical potential; the variety of these molecules is unique, and its production is favored by the chemical and physical conditions of the sea. It is known that marine organisms can synthesize bioactive molecules to survive from atypical environmental conditions, such as oxidative stress, photodynamic damage, and extreme temperature. Recent evidence proposed a beneficial role of these compounds for human health. In particular, xanthines, bryostatin, and 11-dehydrosinulariolide displayed encouraging neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disorders. This review will focus on the most promising marine drugs’ neuroprotective potential for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. We will describe these marine compounds’ potential as adjuvant therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.  相似文献   

鹅掌楸抗氧化物质提取及其特性的研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘志祥  曾超珍 《中国农学通报》2012,28(31):29-35

为了研究鹅掌楸的抗氧化活性,为开发有应用前景的天然抗氧化剂奠定基础,以亚油酸过氧化抑制率为参照,通过单因素试验和正交试验研究了鹅掌楸抗氧化物质的最优提取条件,以及pH值和热处理对其抗氧化活性的影响,并探讨了鹅掌楸抗氧化物质对油脂抗氧化的作用。结果表明,鹅掌楸抗氧化物质提取的最佳条件为：乙醇体积分数为75%,料液比1:12,提取时间5 min,微波功率210 W。热处理对其抗氧化能力的影响较大,pH值的影响不显著;鹅掌楸提取物对猪油的抗氧化作用明显,且随着鹅掌楸提取物浓度的增大,其抑制猪油生成氢过氧化物的能力增强。VE和柠檬酸对鹅掌楸提取物的抗氧化作用有协同作用,协同增效的强弱顺序为：柠檬酸>VE,而VC没有明显的协同增效作用。  相似文献   

干旱胁迫下油菜素内酯对文冠果苗木抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

冯朝红  李凯荣  张鹏文  刘建利 《干旱地区农业研究》2008,26(4):152-155

用蘸根和叶面喷施不同浓度油菜素内酯(BRs)的方法,在人工控制土壤水分条件下,对黄土高原重要造林树种文冠果苗木重要的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量变化进行研究。结果表明,用0.05~0.4 mg/L BRs处理文冠果苗木,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在中度干旱胁迫下较清水对照增加,但差异不显著,重度胁迫下增加显著;在中度和重度胁迫下,各处理文冠果苗木过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均较清水对照升高,且差异显著;在中度和重度胁迫下,5个浓度BRs处理对抗坏血酸(ASA)和还原型谷光甘肽(GSH)含量均具显著的增加效应。轻度和重度胁迫下,0.2 mg/L BRs处理对文冠果苗木抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的增加效应均最为显著。  相似文献   

野葛块根异黄酮的提取及抗氧化研究     

李玲  谭力  全沁果  全浩  何福林  黄光文  邵金华  闫旭宇 《浙江农业学报》2016,28(3):496

以土家山区野葛块根为试验材料,采用超声波辅助乙醇提取野葛块根异黄酮。在单因素试验的基础上,以提取率为响应值,运用4因素4水平响应面分析法研究提取过程中工艺参数对提取率的影响,并对异黄酮提取物的抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明：最适提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度81.0%,超声时间41.2 min,提取温度61.2 ℃,料液比（m/V）1∶9.5,原料粒径40目。在此工艺条件下,野葛块根异黄酮的平均提取率为3.43%。所提取的野葛块根异黄酮的抗氧化效果低于Vc,但能与其产生一定的协同作用。  相似文献   

The administration of diets contaminated with low to intermediate doses of deoxynivalenol and supplemented with antioxidants and binding agents slightly affects the growth,antioxidant status,and vaccine response in weanling pigs     

Luca Lo Verso  Kristina Dumont  Martin Lessard  Karoline Lauzon  Chantale Provost  Carl A Gagnon  Younes Chorfi  Frdric Guay 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(9)

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grading levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) in the diet of weaned pigs, as well as the effects of a supplementation with antioxidants (AOX), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS), and their combination on the growth, AOX status, and immune and vaccine responses against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). At weaning, 336 piglets were allocated to six dietary treatments according to a randomized complete block design. Treatments were as follows: basal diet (CTRL); basal diet containing DON at 1.2 mg/kg (DON1.2); basal diet containing DON at 2.4 mg/kg (DON2.4); DON2.4 diet + a mix of AOX which included vitamins A and E at 20,000 IU and 200 IU/kg feed respectively, selenized yeast at 0.3 mg/kg, and a grape seed extracts at 100 mg/kg feed (DON2.4 + AOX); DON2.4 diet + the mix of AOX and the modified HSCAS mentioned above (DON2.4 + AOX + HSCAS); DON2.4 + AOX + HSCAS. Pigs were vaccinated against PRRSV and PCV2 at 7 d; on 0, 14, and 35 d, growth performance was recorded, and blood samples were collected in order to evaluate the oxidative status, inflammatory blood markers, lymphocyte blastogenic response, and vaccine antibody response. Increasing intake of DON resulted in a quadratic effect at 35 d in the lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A and PCV2 as well as in the anti-PRRSV antibody response, whereas the catalase activity decreased in DON2.4 pigs compared with the CTRL and DON1.2 groups (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the DON2.4 diet, the AOX supplementation slightly reduced gain to feed ratio (P = 0.026) and increased the ferric reducing ability of plasma as well as α-tocopherol concentration (P < 0.05), whereas the association of AOX + HSCAS increased the anti-PRRSV IgG (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the HSCAS supplement reduced haptoglobin levels in serum at 14 d compared with the DON2.4 group; however, its concentration decreased in all the experimental treatments from 14 to 35 d and particularly in the DON2.4 + AOX pigs, whereas a different trend was evidenced in the DON2.4 + HSCAS group, where over the same period haptoglobin concentration increased (P < 0.05). Overall, our results show that the addition of AOX and HSCAS in the diet may alleviate the negative effects due to DON contamination on the AOX status and immune response of vaccinated weanling pigs.  相似文献   

Halophytic shrubs accumulate minerals associated with antioxidant pathways     

Hayley C. Norman  Elliott G. Duncan  David G. Masters 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(3):345-355

Halophytic shrubs from the Chenopodiaceae family are planted by farmers in Mediterranean climate and semi‐arid farming systems because they produce year‐round feed for livestock and grow on poor‐quality soils that are unfit for cereal or traditional pasture production. Halophytes have evolved in environments that exert a high oxidative stress and through this have a high antioxidant capacity. The higher antioxidant capacity of halophytes means that they could have elevated concentrations of the minerals and vitamins associated with antioxidant defence and, as a consequence, may be a good source of antioxidant minerals and vitamins for sheep, cattle and goats. It was hypothesized that a range of halophytic shrub species and accessions within species will contain copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and sulphur (S) concentrations that will exceed the requirements of grazing ruminants. Concentrations of these minerals were measured across nineteen shrub accessions representing seven widely distributed Australian chenopod species: Atriplex amnicola, Atriplex nummularia, Atriplex rhagodioides, Chenopodium nitrariaceum, Enchylaena tomentosa, Maireana brevifolia and Rhagodia preissii, as well as Eremophila glabra from the Scrophulariaceae family. Measurements were made at one location in spring and winter and at another location in winter only. Concentrations of the elements analysed almost always exceeded requirements and ranged up to 610%, 952%, 1840%, 590% and 250% of the requirement for grazing sheep for Cu, Mn, Se, Zn and S respectively. These results indicate some shrubs have significant potential for use as an antioxidant mineral supplement for ruminants.  相似文献