A comparative study on chemical characteristics of tropical soils from volcanic material under forest and agriculture     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(6):579-596

Abstract

An investigation was conducted to compare differences in chemical characteristics of Costa Rica soils under continuous cultivation and under forest vegetation. Inceptisols from young volcanic material under forest, sugar cane, coffee and pasture, respectively, were sampled in the San Carlos region of Costa Rica, and analysed for pH, organic matter, N, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Zn and Mn contents. Indications were obtained that continuous cropping for 1 to 22 years with sugar cane resulted in a decrease in Ca and Mg content and an increase in acid extractable Al concentrations, compared to amounts found in forest soils. In soils under coffee the only significant changes were a reduction in soil organic matter, N and Al contents. Exchangeable bases decreased slightly during the first two years, but in fields 15 years under coffee, the content of exchangeable bases was affected slightly, except for a relatively marked decrease in amounts of Mg. Conversion into pasture maintained soil fertility at a level comparable to that found in the forest soil ecosystem. It was concluded that differences in vegetational ecosystems caused soil chemical changes, but deforestation in the tropics did not necessarily result in rapid soil degradation processes. The magnitude of the data showed that the soil in the San Carlos region of Costa Rica had been cultivated for at least 10 to 20 years without producing evidence of excessive deterioration.  相似文献   

土壤干旱对小粒种咖啡有关生理参数的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董建华  王秉忠 《热带作物学报》1996,(1)

对塑料袋一年生咖啡苗定期停止淋水，使土壤遭受不断加剧的干旱胁迫，以检测水分供应对咖啡生理状况的影响。试验结果表明：轻度水分胁迫，如１ｄ不淋水，即导致咖啡光合速率、蒸腾速率、可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量以及含水量、气孔开张率、水势等生理参数开始下降；而过氧化物酶活性、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量以及细胞透性等生理参数开始上升，且随土壤水分胁迫的逐步加剧，上述各生理参数呈渐进性恶变。光合速率对土壤水分的反应属敏感参数之一，轻度干旱即使光合速率明显下降。高温间歇干旱期，常规管理的田间含水量能使咖啡光合速率受到抑制，灌水可促使光合速率提高。  相似文献   

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON NICKEL ACCUMULATION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COFFEE PLANTS DURING FRUIT DEVELOPMENT     

Andre Rodrigues dos Reis  Jose Laercio Favarin  Luiz Antonio Gallo  Milton Ferreira Moraes  Tiago Tezotto  Dr Jose Lavres Junior 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1853-1866

Nutritional and physiological significance of micronutrients in coffee plants, especially with regard to nickel (Ni) is still unknown. The dynamics of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and Ni accumulation in coffee fruits, as well as their relationships with total soluble protein, amino acids, reducing sugars, and starch content during coffee fruit development (green, ripe, and dry fruits), were investigated. Coffee trees received three N fertilizer rates (0, 150, and 300 kg of N ha^?1) as ammonium sulfate split into three applications per year. Nitrogen fertilization increased reducing sugars and starch concentrations in ripe fruits. In contrast, green fruits showed the highest amino acid and Ni concentrations. Fruit Ni concentration decreased in both green and ripe fruits as N rates increased; thus, indicating the possibility of either a N-associated dilution effect on Ni concentration or that Ni uptake by roots and/or transport to developing fruit was limiting. Plant nutritional status and fruit development stage influenced the coffee grain chemical composition. Furthermore, the variation in reducing sugars and starch content was more closely linked to the stage of fruit development than to N supply. A supposed relationship among the decreased of caffeine, starch, amino acids, and proteins with Ni content during green fruit development suggests a fundamental role for Ni in coffee fruit ripening. The interaction between N and Ni metabolism during fruit ripening might influence the chemical parameters involved in the coffee grain quality. This is the first report documenting changes in Ni concentrations of coffee fruit as a function of N fertilization rates and the development stage, but further research is needed to better understand the significance of N-Ni interaction in developing coffee fruit.  相似文献   

Kinetics of Zinc Uptake and Anatomy of Roots and Leaves of Coffee Trees as Affected by Zinc Nutrition     

C. A. Rosolem  L. V. S. Sacramento  D. M. T. Oliveira 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2101-2112

Abstract

The influence of silicon (Si) (2.5 mM), sodium chloride (NaCl) (100 mM), and Si (2.5 mM) + NaCl (97.5 mM) supply on chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), H₂O₂ level, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C.1.15.1.1.), ascorbate peroxidase (APx; E.C.1.11.1.11.), catalase (CAT; E.C.1.11.1.6.), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD; E.C.1.11.1.7.) enzymes, and protein content were studied in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill c.v.) leaves over 10-day and 27-day periods. The results indicated that silicon partially offset the negative impacts of NaCl stress with increased the tolerance of tomato plants to NaCl salinity by raising SOD and CAT activities, chlorophyll content, and photochemical efficiency of PSII. Salt stress decreased SOD and CAT activities and soluble protein content in the leaves. However, addition of silicon to the nutrient solution enhanced SOD and CAT activities and protein content in tomato leaves under salt stress. In contrast, salt stress slightly promoted APx activity and considerably increased H₂O₂ level and MDA concentration and Si addition slightly decreased APx activity and significantly reduced H₂O₂ level and MDA concentration in the leaves of salt-treated plants. G-POD activity was slightly decreased by addition of salt and Si. Enhanced activities of SOD and CAT by Si addition may protect the plant tissues from oxidative damage induced by salt, thus mitigating salt toxicity and improving the growth of tomato plants. These results confirm that the scavenging system forms the primary defense line in protecting oxidative damage under stress in crop plants.  相似文献   

海南岛低海拔小粒种咖啡分枝结果特性及与产量构成关系的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨和鼎  颜书连 《热带作物学报》1997,18(2):28-32

（１）海南岛低海拔小粒种咖啡具有明显的顶端优势，一级分枝的结果百分率和果节数极显和显高于二、三级分枝。在研究的４个品种中，一极分枝的干豆产量分别为二、三级分枝的１．６－５．６倍，达到极显和显的水平，是植株主要的结果枝条。（２）一级分枝和高产与其果节数量密切相关，它是经济产量构成因素的决定因素。因此低海拔小粒种咖啡可考虑采用多干整形，以提高其一级分枝的数量，增加植株的果节数，从而达到产。（３  相似文献   

咖啡的生物全息现象及其遗传势的研究     

郑成木 《热带作物学报》1993,14(2):61-65

根据全息生物学的理论,研究了咖啡树枝条不同部位叶片的面积、座果数量和光合速率等性状的差异。结果表明,这些性状均存在中部优势,体现了生物全息相关性。咖啡树枝条中部区段存在较强的遗传势,选取枝条中部咖啡豆(或芽条)培育种苗,可能有利于提高咖啡的产量与品质。  相似文献   

绿肥对咖啡园杂草多样性及功能群的影响     

付兴飞  胡发广  李贵平  何红艳  黄家雄  罗心平  李亚男  张晓芳  吕玉兰 《热带作物学报》2021,42(4):1166-1174

为揭示绿肥对咖啡园杂草多样性及功能群的影响,调查了云南省保山市常规种植咖啡园（CK）、种植绿肥田菁咖啡园（SC）、种植绿肥硬皮豆咖啡园（MU）的杂草群落,探讨种植绿肥对咖啡园杂草群落的生态位、多样性、群落结构相似性及功能群的影响。结果表明：CK有杂草12科21种,SC有杂草10科16种,MU有杂草7科10种。3种类型咖啡园杂草生态位宽度大于0.600的杂草有10种,其中,CK有6种,SC有2种,MU有3种。种植绿肥的咖啡园杂草的物种丰富度、个体数、ACE估计值、Fisher α指数、Shannon-Wiene指数及生物量均低于常规种植咖啡园（CK）,其中,杂草物种丰富度、ACE估计值和鲜重具有显著性差异。常规种植咖啡园与种植绿肥咖啡园杂草群落结构不相似。3种类型咖啡园杂草单子叶一年生或越年生植物功能群占据最大优势,但种植绿肥咖啡园的占比更高。种植绿肥改变了咖啡园杂草群落的生态位、群落结构及功能群,降低了咖啡园杂草群落多样性,对咖啡园杂草群落产生了影响。  相似文献   

基于热诱导的绿咖啡油氧化过程解析及活性成分变化规律研究     

洪启迪  董文江  梅丽宝  龙宇宙  胡荣锁  初众  王海茹 《热带作物学报》2021,42(11):3327-3338

绿咖啡油是一种富含生物活性成分的功能性油脂,贮藏过程中极易氧化酸败影响产品品质。本文以海南地区兴隆咖啡为原料提取绿咖啡油,系统研究在60 ℃加速贮藏36 d内氧化指标、生物活性成分及表征氧化的光谱特征峰变化。结果表明：过氧化值、茴香胺值、硫代巴比妥酸、总氧化值初始值分别为0.97±0.04 meq/kg、4.19±0.14、55.08± 1.98 nmol/mL、8.05±0.06,经过36 d的氧化分别显著升高到28.56±0.15 meq/kg、19.19±0.13、102.38±2.18 nmol/mL、133.43± 0.45。本研究中共鉴定出11种脂肪酸,在绿咖啡油氧化过程中,饱和脂肪酸与不饱和脂肪酸比值由1.14上升至1.49。利用高效液相色谱测定绿咖啡油中的二萜类物质和生育酚,咖啡豆醇、咖啡醇的初始含量分别为21.01±0.31 mg/g、23.44±0.52 mg/g,在氧化24 d后升高至8.21±0.10 mg/g、8.99±0.02 mg/g,随后含量趋于稳定。共定性出α、δ和γ-生育酚,总生育酚含量由初始的49.75±0.88 mg/100 g在氧化18 d达到最大值53.70±1.72 mg/100 g,在氧化结束时降至34.58± 0.05 mg/100 g。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）从特征官能团的角度分析绿咖啡油的氧化过程,油脂在3008、2927、2854、1745、1461、1375、1238、1164、721 cm^-1处有特征吸收峰。采用拉曼光谱技术表征绿咖啡油加速贮藏中的氧化变质,在1000~1800 cm^-1波段的峰强度有明显减弱趋势。本研究表明绿咖啡油在热诱导下的贮藏过程中发生了明显的氧化反应,可为提升绿咖啡油贮藏稳定性提供理论参考。  相似文献   

云南咖啡产业发展现状及今后发展对策     

李维锐 《云南热作科技》2009,(1):26-28

分析了云南咖啡产业发展现状、存在的主要问题和发展前景,提出了今后发展的对策和措施。  相似文献   

咖啡营养特性及营养诊断研究进展     

李国鹏 《勤云标准版测试》2009,29(1)

饮料作物咖啡(Coffea)为茜草科咖啡属的多年生灌木或者小乔木,在中国主要种植于云南与海南两省。该文简要概述了咖啡的主要成分,从咖啡因、丹宁酸、脂肪、蛋白质、糖分及咖啡的香苦酸等方面进行了介绍。植物营养诊断是评价、预测肥效和指导施肥的一项综合技术,随着分析仪器的改进,诊断的内容、技术、方法及其应用均有较大的发展。该文就咖啡营养诊断相关方面的研究概述,并指出咖啡营养诊断的研究方向。  相似文献