5种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果分析     

闵凡祥  郭梅  高云飞  王晓丹  胡林双  魏琪  董学志  张铉哲  武佩祥 《马铃薯杂志》2012,(1):36-39

试脸在田间测定了克露、迭克宁、银法利、瑞凡和中药杀菌剂5种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果。结果表明：5种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病均具有明显的防治效果和增产效果,防治效果最好的是银法利,其次为瑞凡、达克宁、克露和中药杀菌剂,增产62%-155％,晚疫病烂薯率为1．20％-8．09％。根据病害发展曲线,病害发展前期使用5种药剂。均可达到显著防治效果。病害发展后期,建议选择银法利和瑞凡药剂。注意每种药剂交替使用,避免产生抗药性。  相似文献   

赤霉病麦粒中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇消解方法研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

关二旗  崔莉  卞科  李萌萌  崔贵金  陈飞 《麦类作物学报》2012,32(3):585-588

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxyniva1eno1,DON)是污染谷物籽粒及其制品的主要真菌毒素之一,对农业生产和人体健康均有重要影响。高温、吸附剂、脱皮等物理和化学处理方法虽然可以在一定程度上降低谷物籽粒及其制品的DON毒素含量,但也会对其食用和营养价值产生不利影响,甚至还会造成二次污染。辐照技术作为一种便捷、高效、经济的DON毒素降解手段,可以有效降低谷物籽粒及其制品中的DON毒素含量,但应对其降解产物的毒性进行安全评价。  相似文献   

8种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果试验   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杨晓贺  丁俊杰  顾鑫  赵海红  申宏波  姚亮亮  张瑜 《中国马铃薯》2012,(6):367-370

为减轻马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯生产造成的损失,本研究选择了8种药剂,在马铃薯地上垄体栽培模式下进行晚疫病防治的药效比较试验。结果表明,不同处理均对地上垄体栽培模式下马铃薯晚疫病具有防治和保产的效果。其中,在马铃薯晚疫病发病前期喷施的保护性杀菌剂种中,60%百泰的防治和保产效果最好,防效达79%以上,增产43.54%;其次是银法利,防效达70%以上,增产42.55%。在发病中期喷施的治疗性杀菌剂中,防效和保产效果最好的药剂为50%安克,防效达73%以上,增产36.71%。  相似文献   

菜豆普通细菌性疫病病原菌鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈泓宇  徐新新  段灿星  王述民  朱振东 《中国农业科学》2012,45(13):2618-2627

【目的】明确中国北方地区菜豆普通细菌性疫病病原菌。【方法】应用菌落特征、油菜黄单胞菌菜豆变种诊断试剂检测、致病性测定、16S rDNA和16S-23S rDNA ITS序列分析、特异PCR检测、脂肪酸分析及生理生化反应特征对病原菌分离物进行鉴定。【结果】从病害样品和菜豆种子样品中均分离到类似黄单胞杆菌的细菌分离物,选取25个代表分离物进行致病性测定,有24个分离物在菜豆品种“英国红”上导致典型菜豆普通细菌性疫病症状。结合16S rDNA及16S-23S rDNA ITS序列比对分析、特异性PCR检测及生理生化反应的结果,24个分离物中7株被鉴定为地毯草黄单胞菌菜豆变种,17株为褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种。【结论】中国北方地区发生的菜豆普通细菌性疫病由地毯草黄单胞菌菜豆变种或（和）褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种引起;褐色黄单胞菌褐色亚种在中国属首次报道。  相似文献   

利用分子标记鉴定辣椒抗疫病材料   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

郭爽 黄贞常绍东  刘玉平曹翠文 《中国农学通报》2012,28(13):163-166

为了利用分子标记快速准确鉴定辣椒抗疫病材料,以36份辣椒高代自交系为材料,利用与辣椒疫病紧密连锁的2对标记引物,结合田间抗疫病性调查,鉴定辣椒抗疫病种育材料。实验结果表明,26份材料的2个标记引物的分子标记鉴定结果与田间调查结果完全吻合,包括22份抗病材料,4份感病材料;3份材料的分子鉴定结果与田间调查结果相反;4份材料在2对引物上的鉴定结果不同,这些差异可能是由于标记所连锁的抗性位点不同、抗性基因的表达形式不同造成的。  相似文献   

中国东北部与河北省致病疫霉SSR基因型的组成与分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴艳清蒋继志  郑旭桂春爽  张紫肖赵磊 《中国农学通报》2012,28(15):170-174

为了解中国东北部致病疫霉基因型分布及变化规律。利用2对SSR引物Pi4B和Pi4G对2008-2010年期间采自于河北、黑龙江、辽宁和吉林的373株致病疫霉的SSR基因型进行分析,4个省份共鉴定出16种SSR基因型,分别为A-03、A-09、B-01、D-03、F-01、F-04、F-05、F-06、F-07、F-08、G-02、G-03、I-01、J-01、K-01和L-01,其中主导基因型为F-01,占所测菌株的67.83%,其次为F-06基因型(14.75%);河北、黑龙江、辽宁和吉林4个省份SSR基因型的种类分别为11种、8种、4种和3种;16种基因型中,A-09、F-07、F-08、I-01、J-01、K-01和L-01等7种基因型在东北及河北地区属首次报道;2008-2010年期间,河北省和黑龙江省致病疫霉SSR基因型数量均有所增加,辽宁和吉林基因型种类变化不明显,但总体上东北地区和河北省致病疫霉优势基因型较单一,这为上述地区制定马铃薯晚疫病综合防治策略、尤其是品种的合理布局提供了一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

白术两种主要土传病害的分离、鉴定及杀菌剂的室内活性筛选     

张佳星  徐颖菲  徐艳芳  戴德江  刘亚慧  张传清 《植物保护》2017,43(6):177-181

立枯病和白绢病是白术生产种植中的两种主要土传病害,在苗期和生长期都有发生,危害严重。本研究从浙江省磐安县采集具有典型病症的白术植株,对病原进行了分离、纯化和致病性测定。综合形态学特征及rDNA-ITS序列分析表明,白术上的病害是由立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani Kühn引起的立枯病和由齐整小核菌Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.引起的白绢病。室内毒力测定结果表明,10种供试杀菌剂对立枯病菌的毒力从大到小为:噻呋酰胺咯菌腈戊唑醇四氟醚唑吡唑醚菌酯丙硫菌唑嘧菌酯啶酰菌胺苯醚甲环唑咪鲜胺;对白绢病菌的室内毒力从大到小为:吡唑醚菌酯噻呋酰胺嘧菌酯戊唑醇咯菌腈苯醚甲环唑丙硫菌唑啶酰菌胺四氟醚唑咪鲜胺,其中噻呋酰胺对两种病菌都具有很高的活性,EC_(50)分别为0.06和0.03mg/L,可用于两种病害的防治。  相似文献   

Phenotypic variation in Nordic populations of Phytophthora infestans in 2003     

A. Lehtinen  A. Hannukkala  B. Andersson  A. Hermansen  V. H. Le  R. Nærstad  M. B. Brurberg  B. J. Nielsen  J. G. Hansen  J. Yuen 《Plant pathology》2008,57(2):227-234

A total of 743 single-lesion isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected in summer 2003 from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Most of the isolates were tested for mating type, and subsets were tested for sensitivity to fungicides and virulence (host specific pathogenicity). Approximately 60% of the isolates were A1 mating type in each country. Both mating types were present in 40% of the fields where more than one isolate was tested, indicating strong potential for sexual reproduction. The proportion of metalaxyl-resistant isolates dropped to under 15% from the 60% observed in the early 1990s in Norway and Finland, possibly due to lower selection pressure because of decreased use of metalaxyl. Propamocarb-HCl sensitivity remained unchanged in the Nordic countries compared to the situation in 1997–2000 in Finland. Four isolates collected from Finland and Sweden were able to sporulate in the presence of this fungicide at a concentration of 1000 mg L⁻¹. In Norway and Finland the frequencies of virulence factors and pathotypes remained nearly unchanged since the 1990s, but the mean number of virulence factors per isolate increased from 5·6 to 6·3. In Denmark and Sweden virulence factors 2 and especially 6 were more common than in Norway and Finland. In addition, in the Swedish population the frequencies of pathotypes were quite even while in other countries pathotype 1,3,4,7,10,11 was most prevalent.  相似文献   

Population structure and mating system of Ascochyta rabiei in Tunisia: evidence for the recent introduction of mating type 2     

A. Rhaiem  M. Chérif  T. L. Peever  P. S. Dyer 《Plant pathology》2008,57(3):540-551

The population structure of Ascochyta rabiei (teleomorph: Didymella rabiei ) in Tunisia was estimated among five populations sampled from the main chickpea growing regions using simple sequence repeat markers (SSR) and a mating type ( MAT ) marker. Mating type 2 isolates ( MAT1-2 ) had reduced genetic and genotypic diversity relative to mating type 1 isolates ( MAT1-1 ). This result, coupled with previous observations of lower overall frequency and restricted geographical distribution of MAT1-2 in Tunisia, and recent (2001) observation of the sexual stage, support the hypothesis of a recent introduction of MAT1-2 . Despite the presence of both mating types in Nabeul, Kef and Jendouba, the hypothesis of random mating was rejected in these locations with multilocus gametic disequilibrium tests. Highly significant genetic differentiation ( θ  = 0·32, G _ST = 0·28, P  < 0·001) was detected among populations and genetic distance and cluster analyses based on pooled allele frequencies revealed that populations from Nabeul and Kef were distinct from those in Beja, Bizerte and Jendouba. More than 70% of total gene diversity ( H _T = 0·55) detected was attributable to variation within populations compared to 28% among populations. This result, coupled with the occurrence of private alleles in each population, suggests that gene flow is currently limited among populations, even those separated by short geographic distances. The presence of two main genetic clusters was confirmed using Bayesian model-based population structure analyses of multilocus genotypes (MLGs) without regard to geographic origin of samples. The presence of MAT1-2 isolates in both clusters suggests at least two independent introductions of MAT1-2 into Tunisia that are likely to be the result of importation and planting of infected chickpea seeds.  相似文献   

Quambalaria species associated with plantation and native eucalypts in Australia     

G. S. Pegg  C. O'Dwyer  A. J. Carnegie  T. I. Burgess  M. J. Wingfield  A. Drenth 《Plant pathology》2008,57(4):702-714

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