The vertical distribution of fine roots of five tree species and maize in Morogoro,Tanzania     

K. Jonsson  L. Fidjeland  J. A. Maghembe  P. Högberg 《Agroforestry Systems》1988,6(1-3):63-69

In order to assess the possibility of root competition in agroforestry, the vertical distribution of fine roots (< 2 mm in diameter) of five tree species in pure two-year-old stands was compared to that of mature maize.Cassia siamea, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Leucaena leucocephala andProsopis chilensis had a rooting pattern similar to that of maize, i.e. a slow decline in fine root mass from 0–100 cm soil depth.Eucalyptus camaldulensis had its roots evenly distributed down to 100 cm. On an average, the fine root biomass of the tree species was roughly twice as that of the maize. We conclude that the studied tree species are likely to compete with maize and other crops with a similar rooting pattern for nutrients and water.  相似文献   

发展福建省林木育种工作的思考   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨宗武 《福建林业科技》1994,21(3):64-66

本文指出随着福建林业的发展，林木良种工作也产生了相应的变化，认为应当对主要用材树种进行深入研究，使育种目标多样化并加强对林木种质基因资源的保护。  相似文献   

Mapping landscapes: Integrating GIS and social science methods to model human-nature relationships in Southern Cameroon     

Valentina Robiglio  William A. Mala  M. Chimere Diaw 《Small-Scale Forestry》2003,2(2):171-184

Participatory mapping and GIS are both necessary to model the interactions between humans and their environment. A case study from the forest margin in the Congo Basin demonstrates how data from participatory community mapping and other social science methods can be prepared for quantitative modelling. This approach bridged the gap between spatial modelling data and social decision-making in space by elaborating a geographically consistent social representation of the landscape and giving a geographical base to the connection between land use, its cultural representation, and its social management. This was achieved through an iterative process of GIS cartography, using feedback from village informants and field checking, to transpose the spatial references from participatory mapping sketches into reliable geographic locations. As well as demonstrating the utility of such data for modelling, this work clarified the distribution of land rights among the six main owner-clans spread through the eight hamlets in the watershed. The ‘basin’ of spatial resources and its relation to the rules of land use and natural resource management were defined for each clan. Land-use systems at the forest-agriculture interface in the study area proved to be complex, strongly driven by social rules and influenced by history and settlement strategies. These social and historical aspects established the framework within which communities make current decisions and interventions. The authors thank the people of Akok for their collaboration and hospitality. Village technician Michel Engueng and village contact Adolphe Ze facilitated and assisted this work. Our thanks also to Julie Mbazo’o and Remy Assoumou, both members of the ‘social side’ working group of the FLORES modelling team. Christopher Legg’s contribution to the discussion of this work through his constant reviewing of the CamFlores model is gratefully recognized. Finally, thanks to the whole CIFOR-ACM team for numerous scientific and methodological inputs. The Italian Foreign Ministry funded the work of Valentina Robiglio (APO-GIS specialist) through an APO contract with IITA. The European Union (Tropical Forestry budget line DG VIII) contributed to the CIFOR’s research program on the ‘Adaptive Collaborative Management of Forests’ (ACM) in Africa, and to the Alternative to Slash and Burn (ASB) program in Cameroon on ‘Environmental Services and Rural Livelihoods’ through the World Agroforestry Centre.  相似文献   

北沟林场精品流域区华北落叶松林分结构研究     

剪文灏  陈瑜  郭宾良  张宁  李淑春  谷建才 《河北林果研究》2015,(1)

通过对北沟林场精品流域区华北落叶松林分结构进行研究,结果表明:在树种组成复杂程度上,落阔混交林大于华北落叶松纯林,而且落阔混交林的树种组成比纯林更加合理,结构更加稳定,在空间利用上也更加充分;在水平结构上,各树种直径大小分布均匀程度比较:落阔混交林大于华北落叶松纯林;在垂直结构上,落阔混交林有分层现象,但差异不明显,而华北落叶松纯林无明显分层。  相似文献   

An overview of animal science research 1945–2011 through science mapping analysis     

A. Rodriguez‐Ledesma  M.J. Cobo  C. Lopez‐Pujalte  E. Herrera‐Viedma 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):475-497

The conceptual structure of the field of Animal Science (AS) research is examined by means of a longitudinal science mapping analysis. The whole of the AS research field is analysed, revealing its conceptual evolution. To this end, an automatic approach to detecting and visualizing hidden themes or topics and their evolution across a consecutive span of years was applied to AS publications of the JCR category ‘Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science’ during the period 1945–2011. This automatic approach was based on a coword analysis and combines performance analysis and science mapping. To observe the conceptual evolution of AS, six consecutive periods were defined: 1945–1969, 1970–1979, 1980–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2005 and 2006–2011. Research in AS was identified as having focused on ten main thematic areas: ANIMAL‐FEEDING, SMALL‐RUMINANTS, ANIMAL‐REPRODUCTION, DAIRY‐PRODUCTION, MEAT‐QUALITY, SWINE‐PRODUCTION, GENETICS‐AND‐ANIMAL‐BREEDING, POULTRY, ANIMAL‐WELFARE and GROWTH‐FACTORS‐AND‐FATTY‐ACIDS. The results show how genomic studies gain in weight and integrate with other thematic areas. The whole of AS research has become oriented towards an overall framework in which animal welfare, sustainable management and human health play a major role. All this would affect the future structure and management of livestock farming.  相似文献   

腾冲红花油茶优良单株选择     

徐志映  谢胤  辛成莲  寸明辉  杨忠品  吴兴波 《林业调查规划》2015,40(2)

2012~2014年,根据相关选优标准,以冠幅、树高、地径、结果量和叶形等为指标,经过初选、复选、决选,选出腾冲花红油茶优良单株17株,其种子油不饱和脂肪酸和亚油酸含量达90%及8%的较高水平。对各单株、树高、地径、冠幅、果重等性状指标进行了阐述。  相似文献   

肉牛自动化无应激动态称重系统的设计与试验     

赵慧兵  马娟  张杰  李浩  郭磊  冯斌 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(7):1795-1801

【目的】牛只体重数据是衡量牛体健康生长发育的重要指标,定期对牛只称重对实施精细化养殖有重要意义。【方法】采用带围栏的地磅称重、月龄推算、体尺估算测量以及采用保定架等方法对肉牛进行静态称重。【结果】可以实现肉牛全程无障碍通过,在肉牛自然行走状态下监测出肉牛体重信息,有效避免了肉牛产生应激反应;称重效率高,系统锁定肉牛有效体重数据在2~4 s。平均每头牛从进入通道排队到称重结束,时间在10 s之内。肉牛速度较快通过称重平台时,误差在0.5%以下;肉牛在行走—停顿运动状态和平稳行走运动状态下,误差在0.2%以下。【结论】肉牛无应激自动化动态称重系统,主要由主体机械结构框架、RFID无线射频识别系统、供电系统、称重系统、数据传输5部分组成。  相似文献   

黔中地区不同林龄马尾松群落细根功能性状及其异速生长关系     

聂坤  徐明  文春玉  张姣  张健 《西北林学院学报》2022,37(6):10-17

细根作为植物吸收养分和水分的主要器官,其功能性状对森林生态系统功能具有重要影响。以黔中龙里县林场的马尾松林为对象,测定3个林龄马尾松林(25、37、52 a)群落中马尾松与优势灌木的12个根功能性状,分析随林龄变化根性状的异速生长关系。结果表明,随马尾松林龄增长,马尾松细根性状指标存在显著性变化;其中马尾松根长密度和根表面积密度随林龄增长表现为52 a＞25 a＞37 a的马尾松林;马尾松根生物量密度、根体积密度和根直径随林龄增长呈显著增加趋势,而比根长、比表面积和根组织密度随着林龄增长则呈现下降的变化趋势。不同林龄马尾松林下优势灌木组成结构存在显著差异,同种灌木的根长密度、比根长和比表面积随马尾松林龄变化存在显著性差异变化。马尾松的根生物量密度、根体积密度、比根长、比表面积和根直径随林龄增长存在显著的异速生长关系,这表明马尾松细根随林龄变化对资源获取利用的策略发生着改变;马尾松倾向于以更长的细根长度而不是更大的根表面积获取资源,相较于高林龄林分,低林龄林分马尾松林的马尾松根系有更高的比根长,表现出低投资高收益的生态策略。  相似文献   

甜玉米果皮厚度遗传分析及 QTL 定位     

蒋锋  梁日朗  闫艳  梁泽恩  黄正刚  刘鹏飞 《广东农业科学》2022,49(8):21-28

【目的】对甜玉米果皮厚度性状进行主基因 + 多基因遗传分析及 QTL 定位,研究甜玉米果皮厚度 的遗传机理,选育优质甜玉米品种。【方法】选用果皮厚度差异显著的甜玉米自交系 T15 与 T77 配制杂交组合 T77×T15。以该组合的 F2 群体作为试验材料,采用主基因 + 多基因混合遗传方法进行遗传模型分析;结合 F2 群 体各单株的果皮厚度及 SSR 遗传连锁图谱,利用复合区间作图法对甜玉米果皮厚度进行 QTL 定位。【结果】甜 玉米果皮厚度的最适模型为 A-1,即受 1 对主基因控制的加性和部分显性的遗传模型,主基因遗传率 69.10%。 在第 5、8 染色体上分别检测出 3 个与果皮厚度相关的 QTL,其中第 5 染色体 bin5.04 区域检测到 2 个 QTL, 分别位于标记区间 bnlg150~bnlg653 和 bnlg653~bnlg1208,加性效应值分别为 -2.39 和 -3.01;位于第 8 染色体 的 QTL 在 bin8.03~bin8.04 区域,标记区间为 umc1741~bnlg2046,加性效应值为 -3.06,表型贡献率为 22.02%。 【结论】甜玉米果皮厚度以主基因效应为主,在育种实践中可在早期世代进行遗传改良选择。试验检测到的 QTL 可用于分子标记辅助选择和品质育种。  相似文献   

基于新遗传连锁图谱的豇豆抗豆象QTL定位     

王彦  范保杰  曹志敏  张志肖  苏秋竹  王珅  王学清  彭秀国  梅丽  武玉华  刘少兴  田胜民  徐俊杰  蒋春志  王伟娟  刘长友  田静 《中国农业科学》2021,54(22):4740-4749

【目的】豆象是危害豇豆最主要的仓储害虫。发掘豇豆抗豆象基因为抗性品种的选育,以及减少豆象对豇豆生产的危害奠定基础。【方法】以中豇1号（感）和Pant-lobia-1（抗）为亲本构建的包含282个株系的RIL群体为研究材料,利用人工接种法分别对282个株系接种绿豆象和四纹豆象,进行抗豆象表型鉴定,并利用两亲本对3 992个来源于绿豆、小豆和豇豆的SSR标记进行多态性筛选,然后利用筛选到的多态性标记对282个株系进行基因型分析,最后结合RIL群体各株系抗豆象表型鉴定数据和基因型分型数据,采用完备区间作图法（ICIM-ADD）进行抗豆象QTL定位分析,在此基础上构建遗传连锁图谱,并定位豇豆抗豆象基因。【结果】中豇1号和F₁籽粒的被害率均为100%,Pant-lobia-1籽粒的被害率分别为22.5%和42.5%。推测Pant-lobia-1对绿豆象和四纹豆象的抗性均为隐性遗传;筛选到182个多态性标记,利用这些多态性标记构建了一个包含11个连锁群的豇豆遗传连锁图谱,图谱总长1 065.23 cM,相邻标记间平均遗传距离为5.85 cM;经2种豆象处理,分别在连锁群1和连锁群5上检测到2个稳定的QTL位点,暂定名为vubr1-1和vubr5-1,其中vubr1-1位于标记XD11-44和HAAS_VR_2274之间,标记间的遗传距离为7.6 cM,在2种豆象处理中分别可以解释表型变异的7.16%和6.92%;vubr5-1位于标记XD1-14和CP185之间,标记间的遗传距离为2.90 cM,在2种豆象处理中分别可以解释表型变异的6.96%和6.37%。【结论】构建了一个包含11个连锁群、182个多态性标记的豇豆遗传连锁图谱,检测到2个与抗豆象相关的QTL位点。  相似文献