Transgenic cucumber expressing an endogenous class III chitinase gene has reduced symptoms from Botrytis cinerea     

Kyutaro Kishimoto  Yoko Nishizawa  Yutaka Tabei  Masami Nakajima  Tadaaki Hibi  Katsumi Akutsu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(6):314-320

A class III chitinase gene (CHI2) is induced in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativa L.) in response to infection by pathogenic microorganisms. Infection of Botrytis cinerea, causal agent of gray mold disease on cucumber, also induces CHI2 expression. To investigate whether CHI2 is involved in resistance to gray mold disease, transgenic cucumber plants were produced to overexpress the CHI2 gene. One line was analyzed in detail in terms of disease resistance. The transgenic cucumber plant (CC2) constitutively expressed CHI2 and reduced the symptoms of B. cinerea for 4 days after inoculation compared with nontransgenic plants. However, this inhibitory effect was not absolute, and CC2 eventually developed serious disease symptoms. Chitinase activity of the crude extract from CC2 leaves was higher than that from nontransgenic plants. A high-molecular-weight fraction containing CHI2 from CC2 leaves had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Interestingly, the low-molecular-weight fraction from CC2 leaves with CHI2 removed also had fungistatic activity against B. cinerea. Not only the introduced chitinase activity but also the endogenous defense reactions activated by overexpression of CHI2 may be involved in the enhanced gray mold disease resistance in CC2.  相似文献   

Recovery of non-target plants affected by airborne bromoxynil-octanoate and metribuzin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S Follak  & K Hurle 《Weed Research》2004,44(2):142-147

The present study was conducted to evaluate the recovery potential of non‐target plants affected by two airborne herbicides. Sunflower at the two‐leaf stage was used as a test plant and exposed for 24 h in a wind tunnel to a range of concentrations of airborne bromoxynil‐octanoate and metribuzin. Quantum yield (φ_PSII) of exposed leaves and of the second leaf pair developed after exposure was determined at a particular time up to 16 days following exposure. Maximum depression in quantum yield of exposed leaves from which a complete recovery occurred within 16 days was 63% for bromoxynil‐octanoate and 60% for metribuzin respectively. The corresponding maximum concentrations were 1.310 and 0.390 μg m^?3 respectively. The second leaf pair was also affected and showed a similar recovery potential. From the results it can be concluded that the significance of airborne bromoxynil‐octanoate and metribuzin must not be overestimated, as sunflower and non‐target plants with a similar sensitivity are likely to recover from air concentrations of both herbicides reported under field conditions.  相似文献   

川西北高寒沙地不同年限高山柳林下优势植物碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

佘淑凤  胡玉福  舒向阳  严星  李智  王琴  何佳  贾安都 《草业学报》2018,27(4):123-130

通过采集川西北高寒沙地不同年限(6、18、24年)高山柳林下3种优势植被藏沙蒿、裂叶独活和镰荚棘豆,分别测定分析3种植被叶片、根部C、N、P化学计量特征变化特征。结果表明:不同年限高山柳林下植被C、N、P含量及其比值间存在显著差异且呈现出不同变化趋势。林下植被C含量整体下降;叶N含量呈上升趋势,根N含量随年限增长而下降;除藏沙蒿外,林下植被P含量变化不显著;C∶N变化范围为1.92~12.86;C∶P为29.18~196.88;不同年限高山柳林下植被N∶P间虽存在差异,但均表现出主要受到P限制,表明该区域植被生长主要受P限制,应注意P养分的适当补充。  相似文献   

Performance,rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of dairy calves fed starter mixtures supplemented with herbal plants,essential oils or monensin          下载免费PDF全文

M. Akbarian‐Tefaghi  E. Ghasemi  M. Khorvash 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(3):630-638

This study evaluated the supplementation effects of three herbal plants (thyme [THY], eucalyptus [EUC] and celery [CEL]), a commercial phytogenic additive ?containing essential oils (PFA‐EO, Digestarom^® P.E.P.) and monensin (MON) in calf starter on performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites during pre‐ (days 3–55) and post‐weaning (days 56–70). Sixty‐six Holstein dairy calves (3 days of age, 41.2 ± 3 kg of BW) were allocated to one of six starters supplemented with: (i) no additives (CON), (ii) MON (30 mg/kg), (iii) THY (23 g/kg), (iv) CEL (23 g/kg), (v) EUC (23 g/kg) and (vi) PFA‐EO (3 g/kg). All the calves were offered starters ad libitum plus 6 L of whole milk daily. Starter intake tended to be the highest in calves fed PFA‐EO and THY; intermediate in calves fed CON, MON and EUC; and the lowest in those fed CEL. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) remained unaffected by dietary treatments during the pre‐weaning. During the post‐weaning period, ADG and FE ?were greatest in calves fed EUC followed by those fed CON, MON, PFA‐EO and THY, and then in those fed CEL. No differences were observed among the treatments in skeletal growth, faecal score, rumen pH or ammonia‐N concentration. Compared to calves fed CON and MON, those fed the herbal plants or PFA‐EO tended to recorded higher molar proportions of acetate and butyrate, and the acetate: propionate ratio. Blood malondialdehyde level did not differ among treatments, but calves on CON had the highest glucose concentration, and those fed PFA‐EO recorded the highest value for β‐hydroxyl butyrate on day 70. In conclusion, the results indicate that the three herbs and PFA‐EO are capable of modulating some of the rumen fermentation parameters and blood metabolites as well as eucalyptus could potentially be a better alternative to monensin for improving post‐weaning performance.  相似文献   

非洲凌霄在广州的栽培及园林应用     

李鹏初 《广东园林》2011,(3):48-50

非洲凌霄(Podranea ricasoliana (Tanf.)Sprague)是紫葳科非洲凌霄属植物，原产非洲南部，近年引入广州栽培，通过近5年试种和繁殖试验，取得较好的效果。文章介绍其形态特征、生态习性、观赏特性、繁殖技术与苗圃栽培，并阐述其在园林中的多种应用方式，为其在广州园林的推广应用提供参考。  相似文献   

水产养殖尾水初沉区中净化材料的应用对微生物酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨晓曦  吴伟  施羽露  王钰钦  钱信宇  郑尧  陈家长 《农业环境科学学报》2020,39(12):2878-2886

通过检测除氮型改性凹凸棒土（Al@TCAP-N）和火山石的内部及周围水体有关氮、磷、有机物分解的酶活性和水质指标，利用高通量测序对材料和水体中的细菌和真菌进行分析，以研究尾水处理系统初沉区中水质净化材料处理尾水营养盐的机制。结果表明，Al@TCAP-N和火山石能增加其周围水体微生物碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、硝酸盐还原酶（Nar）活性；火山石能在早期（0~6 h）提高其内部有机磷水解酶（OPH）、氨单加氧酶（AMO）的活性；Al@TCAP-N能在后期（36~48 h）增加其内部脱氢酶（DHO）的活性；净化材料相互对比发现，火山石内部的酶活性整体高于Al@TCAP-N内部的酶活性；本试验表明水质处理最佳时间为36 h，总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、高锰酸盐指数（COD_Mn）的去除率分别为22.61%、9.52%和22.16%。在实际应用过程中，可通过Al@TCAP-N的吸附和火山石负载的微生物的双重作用降低水中营养盐的含量。浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、变形菌门（Protepbacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）分别是材料表面微生物细菌和真菌中的主要门类。火山石能在净化初期促进有机磷化合物分解和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）转化为亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N），Al@TCAP-N在净化后期促进有机物的分解。Al@TCAP-N和火山石能促进水体中含磷化合物的分解和氮的转化。  相似文献   

纳米Fe₃O₄负载酸改性炭对水体中Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附     

李静  邵孝候  林锴  毛欣宇  秦恒基 《农业环境科学学报》2020,37(2):241-251

为探讨纳米Fe₃O₄负载联合硝酸改性椰壳炭对Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺单一及复合溶液的吸附特性，通过静态吸附实验，针对吸附剂的表面特性、投加量、溶液初始pH、吸附时间、重金属初始浓度等影响因素进行了探讨，应用等温吸附模型及吸附动力学模型对吸附特性进行了研究。结果表明，纳米Fe₃O₄负载酸改性炭比表面积较未改性椰壳炭增加了221.03 m²·g^-1，表面含氧官能团如O-H、C=O、C-O-C增加，芳香性增强，等电点提高至5.68。从经济效率角度考虑5 g·L^-1为合理吸附剂用量，pH为5.0时，吸附效果最好，吸附在4 h达到平衡。准二级动力学模型对吸附的拟合度更高，吸附主要是化学吸附，吸附由快速外扩散和颗粒内扩散共同作用，Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附分别更符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型。纳米Fe₃O₄负载酸改性椰壳炭对Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的最大吸附量（Q_m）分别达42.54 mg·g^-1和25.79 mg·g^-1，为未改性椰壳炭的1.87倍和2.23倍，复合溶液中Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的Q_m分别为单一溶液的65.16%和54.21%，这揭示了离子共存条件下的吸附竞争现象。研究表明，纳米Fe₃O₄负载联合硝酸改性提高了椰壳炭对Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺的吸附能力，且Pb²⁺的吸附性能及吸附竞争性优于Cd²⁺。  相似文献   

木霉菌在园林园艺植物上的应用及研究进展     

商娜  任爱芝  赵培宝 《北方园艺》2021,(3):149-154

木霉菌是目前生防菌中的研究热点,被普遍认为是最有可能代替多种化学杀菌剂的生防因子。随着木霉菌在农业生产中的广泛应用,木霉菌在园林园艺植物中的生物防治也受到广泛关注。现对木霉菌在园林园艺植物中生物防治和促生作用的研究进展进行概述,进一步阐述木霉作为生防菌的优势和不足,并对其在园林园艺植物上的应用进行前景展望。  相似文献   

值得在华南地区推广应用的3种野生观赏樱属植物   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

叶超宏  胡晓敏  刘湘源  张丹丹  叶小玲  李仕裕 《广东园林》2015,(3)

通过对华南地区野生樱属植物进行深入的调查,从形态特征、生态习性、繁殖、观赏价值、园林应用等方面,介绍了钟花樱桃、尾叶樱桃和海南樱桃3种适合在华南地区推广应用的樱属植物。  相似文献   

防灾型城市绿地的园林植物应用     

朱丽娟 《中国园艺文摘》2011,27(3):63-65

探讨园林植物在防灾避难方面的功能,提出园林植物应用的配置原则,对防震、防火和防洪等功能的园林植物种类的选择进行论述,为今后防灾型城市绿地的园林植物应用提供参考。  相似文献