江西野生果树种质资源及其利用研究进展     

王惠明  吴庭观  王璠  周青辉  陈东元  余江平 《安徽农业科学》2017,45(3)

综述了江西省野生果树资源种类、分布及利用`情况,指出了目前江西野生果树种质资源开发利用中存在的问题,并展望了今后的研究方向。江西野生果树种质资源丰富,现有野生果树种和变种共878种,分属于54科129属,这些野生果树主要集中在蔷薇科、樟科、壳斗科、葡萄科、猕猴桃科、冬青科、忍冬科和榆科。赣中南地区野生果树主要集中在壳斗科、樟科、冬青科、山龙眼科、桃金娘科、棕榈科等;赣北地区主要的野生果树集中在漆树科、桦木科、木兰科、樟科、壳斗科、卫矛科等。松科、葡萄科、猕猴桃科及蔷薇科等种类在全省有广泛分布。目前,江西野生果树资源利用较少,还有待挖掘。  相似文献   

辽宁地区两种菊科入侵植物与本地植物光合特性比较     

魏子上  陈新微  杨殿林  皇甫超河 《中国生态农业学报》2017,25(7):975-982

为明确外来植物生理生态学性状及其与其强入侵性的关系,本研究采用野外原位气体交换参数测定的方法,分析了菊科入侵植物豚草、三裂叶豚草与其共生本地植物紫菀光合特性和叶片性状的差异。结果表明,豚草、三裂叶豚草、紫菀3种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均高于800μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),且两种入侵植物的LSP显著高于紫菀,表观量子效率(AQY)则显著低于紫菀;3种植物的最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))大小顺序为豚草三裂叶豚草紫菀,其中,豚草和三裂叶豚草的P_(nmax)分别比紫菀高出151.28%、82.80%,且差异显著。两种入侵植物的比叶面积(SLA)、叶片的单位质量氮含量(N_(mass))、叶片单位质量磷含量(P_(mass))、光合能量利用效率(PEUE)、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)均显著高于紫菀,但3者叶片单位质量建成成本(CC_(_(mass)))差异不显著。综上所述,辽宁的两种菊科入侵植物相对于本地共生种来说有着较高的气体交换参数和叶片特性指标,且其光合特性和叶片特性也存在着密切的联系,表现在这些菊科入侵植物有着更高的P_(nmax)、PNUE、PEUE和水分利用效率(WUE)等光合特性指标和能量利用指标,使得入侵植物能够更有效地捕获和利用环境资源,成为其得以成功入侵的原因之一。  相似文献   

云南竹种园发展之路灼见     

孙茂盛 《世界竹藤通讯》2017,15(2):39

云南是世界竹类植物的起源地和现代分布中心之一,拥有众多的珍稀特有濒危竹种,这些竹种具有较高的观赏价值与科学研究价值。竹种园是目前珍稀濒危竹类植物最有效的迁地保护形式。文章介绍了云南省目前已建设的11个竹种园概况,分析了竹种园建设中存在的问题,并为今后竹种园的发展提出了建议。  相似文献   

Decline‐associated Phaeoacremonium species occurring on forest trees in the north of Iran          下载免费PDF全文

M. Kazemzadeh Chakusary  H. Mohammadi  S. A. Khodaparast 《Forest Pathology》2017,47(6)

Between 2013 and 2015, several surveys were conducted throughout forest areas in the north of Iran with the aim of isolating and identifying fungi present on trees showing decline symptoms. Fungal species, isolated from symptomatic wood tissues of various tree genera, including Zelkova, Acer, Parrotia, Quercus, Diospyros, Fagus, Fraxinus, Populus, Pinus, Pterocarya, Gleditsia, Carpinus, Ulmus, Crataegus, Alnus, Mespilus, Punica, Cydonia, Cupressus and Prunus, were morphologically identified and characterized. A molecular identification based on comparisons of DNA sequences of the β‐tubulin gene allowed us to identify seven species belonging to Phaeoacremonium; namely, Phaeoacremonium parasiticum, Pm. alvesii, Pm. minimum, Pm. iranianum, Pm. scolyti, Pm. fraxinopennsylvanicum and Pm. croatiense were isolated and identified. Phaeoacremonium minimum was the most common species and isolated from Gleditsia caspica, Parrotia persica, Cydonia oblonga and Alnus glutinosa. Pathogenicity on selected plants using a mycelium plug inoculation method revealed that most of these species are pathogenic to all the tested trees, with Pm. parasiticum and Pm. minimum being the most pathogenic species. According to host plant species and geographical distribution, the majority of Phaeoacremonium species found represent new records. This is also the first report of Pm. croatiense in Iran and outside Croatia.  相似文献   

不同桐药套种模式对土壤理化性质的影响     

杜洋文  曾祥福  邓先珍  李双龙 《福建林学院学报》2017,37(2)

为筛选出对油桐林下的土壤理化性质影响较大的套种模式,通过林下套种5种药用植物(玉竹、黄精、桔梗、麦冬、石蒜),分别测定了不同套种模式下不同时期、不同土层土壤的理化性质。结果表明,不同套种模式间土壤理化性质存在显著差异(P<0.05),相同套种模式不同土层间也存在显著差异,不同套种模式间总体变化趋势基本相同。套种桔梗和石蒜对物理性质影响较大,其中土壤容重最大增加33.14%,比重最大降低14.18%,总孔隙度最大降低33.58%。套种黄精和桔梗会使土壤氮、磷含量显著增加,其中全氮和全磷含量最多可增加62.83%和111.80%。套种麦冬和石蒜会使土壤氮、磷、钾含量都显著降低,套种桔梗、黄精和玉竹会使有机质含量显著提高,最高达148.37%。  相似文献   

5种入侵植物提取物对2种芒果病原真菌的抑制作用     

何书婷  贺锐林  王立  李秀竹  宋海超  敖苏  史学群 《热带生物学报》2017,8(1)

以马缨丹(Lantana camara Linn.)、薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha Kunth.)、含羞草(Mimosa pudica Linn.)、假臭草(Praxelis clematidea Cassini.)和三裂叶蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata(L.)Hitchc.)为材料,采用菌丝生长速率法研究这5种入侵植物乙醇提取物对芒果炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和蒂腐菌Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat的抑菌活性,并利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析假臭草的主要抑菌物质。菌丝生长速率法的实验结果表明:5种入侵植物提取液对2种病原真菌均具有抑菌活性,且抑菌效果随浓度的增加而增强;其中马缨丹提取物对蒂腐菌抑制效果最好,其EC50为10.39 g·L~(-1),假臭草提取液对炭疽菌和蒂腐菌均有较强的抑菌效果,EC_(50)分别为14.70 g·L~(-1)和14.77 g·L~(-1)。采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法分析鉴定了假臭草提取物中的14种化学成分,其中4,5,6,7-四甲氧基黄酮、熊果苷和1,2,4-环己三醇这3种物质占总含量的81.85%。  相似文献   

豆科和非固氮植物氮磷利用效率的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭昀月  彭慧元  韩文轩 《中国农业大学学报》2017,22(6):48-55

为深入理解物种养分利用策略,服务于农作物的施肥管理,选择固氮植物大豆及非固氮植物苋菜和稗草为研究对象,同时选择另一试验的苜蓿作为豆科植物的补充材料,利用温室施肥试验研究了固氮和非固氮植物氮(N)、磷(P)元素积累量与生长速率的关系以及NUE的差异。结果表明:豆科植物氮素利用效率在整个生育期显著低于非豆科植物;豆科植物苗期磷素利用效率高于其后几个时期。固氮植物中氮磷积累量每增加一倍对应的总生长速率平均增加0.5~0.7倍(大豆N:0.69,P:0.54;苜蓿N:0.52,P:0.53),显著低于非固氮植物总生长速率2~3倍的增加量(苋菜N:2.75,P:2.23;稗草N:2.87,P:2.10)。4种植物氮磷NUE的差异,体现了固氮与非固氮植物在其生活史中不同的养分利用和分配方式,及不同的环境养分适应策略,但差异背后的生理机制仍需进一步的研究。此外,若要提高化肥利用效率,应在豆科植物生长初期少施氮肥,增施磷肥。  相似文献   

Landscape,Soil, and Plant Analysis of Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Invasion in the Piedmont Region,SC     

Elena A. Mikhailova  Donald Hagan  Julia Sharp  Brian Ritter  Roxanne Stiglitz  Veeander Mealing 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(9):1068-1077

Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum), an exotic invasive plant, is native to Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of Japanese stiltgrass as well as soil and landscape characteristics that correlate with invasion of Japanese stiltgrass around Lake Issaqueena in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) were used to determine the spatial pattern of invasion with respect to the aspect, slope, canopy cover, soils, and distance to roads and trails. Japanese stiltgrass was distributed on both sides of Lake Issaqueena in Pacolet and Madison soil map units (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) on the average slopes of 21%, but it was particularly common on the eastern shore of the lake in low-lying wet and shaded areas (mean canopy cover 51%). In addition, invasion by Japanese stiltgrass was correlated with the proximity to roads and trails. Plant tissue analysis revealed many differences in the distribution of macronutrients, macrominerals, and micronutrients in the leaves, stems, and roots of Japanese stiltgrass, although those differences were not always statistically significant. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) were the highest in leaves while zinc (Zn) concentrations were the highest in stems and concentrations of magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and sodium (Na) tended to be higher in roots. Carbon (C), sulfur (S), and potassium (K) concentrations were generally higher in above-ground tissues versus roots. Soil chemical analysis revealed no statistical differences between control and invaded plots. Our findings suggest that watershed areas surrounding lakes may be particularly susceptible to the invasion of Japanese stiltgrass due to their microclimates, low-lying wet pathways for seed distribution and recreational uses.  相似文献   

Examination of Correlation between Histidine,Sulfur, Cadmium,and Cobalt Absorption by Morus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Populus nigra L.     

Sukran Akkus Ozen 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(10):1212-1220

We investigated the relationship between histidine, sulfur (S), cadmium (Cd), and cobalt (Co) in three hyperaccumulating plants, namely Morus L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Populus nigra L. The samples were collected around Gaziantep and Bursa cities because these two cities have more than 1,500,000 populations, in Turkey, as well as they are highly industrialized. Analyses for Cd, Co, and S were done by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and for histidine by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS). Related with role of histidine in detoxification, it was considered that histidine did not bind nickel (Ni) directly in the cytoplasm, but in transport vesicles because metal-rich vesicles had been observed in the cytoplasm of cells of hyperaccumulator plants. The linear correlations were r_his-Cd = 0.70 and r_his-Co = 0.74 for P. nigra L., r_his-Co = 0.52 and r_Co-S = 0.76 for R. pseudoacacia L. It was concluded that P. nigra L. leaves can be considered as hyperaccumulators.  相似文献   

湖北后河自然保护区珍稀濒危植物优先保护次序对比研究     

《湖北林业科技》2017,(3):24-28

采用样线、样地调查法,结合珍稀濒危保护植物优先保护次序定量研究评价指标,对后河保护区珍稀濒危植物保护现状进行评估,确定其优先保护次序并与前人研究结果进行对比。结果如下:(1)调查发现保护区现有珍稀濒危保护植物38种,隶属于27科34属,单种科、孑遗种占比较大。(2)经优先保护评价指标进行定量研究,发现属于Ⅰ级保护的植物有6种,占本次调查植物总数的16%;属于Ⅱ级保护的植物有18种,占本次调查植物总数的47%;属于Ⅲ级保护的植物有11种,占本次调查植物总数的29%;属于Ⅳ级保护的植物有3种,占本次调查植物总数的8%。(3)与前人研究结果对比发现,在共同研究的23种植物中,保护级别无变化和保护级别降低的植物各有10种,剩余3种植物保护级别上升。(4)此研究结果对了解后河保护区珍稀濒危植物现状、检验保护区珍稀濒危植物保护成效有重大意义,便于保护区根据研究结果及时调整保护策略。  相似文献