Kernel number determination differs among maize hybrids in response to nitrogen   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K.E. D’Andrea  M.E. Otegui  A.G. Cirilo 《Field Crops Research》2008

In maize, the effects of nitrogen (N) deficiencies on the determination of kernel number per plant (KNP) have been described only by changes in plant growth rate during the critical period for kernel set (PGRcp). We hypothesize that N availability affects KNP also through variations in biomass allocation to the ear, which determines a stable N concentration in this organ. Six maize hybrids of different breeding origin were evaluated in field experiments at two N levels (0 and 400 kg N ha⁻¹ applied). Traits included were KNP and per apical ear (KN_E1), and the allometric estimation of PGRcp, ear growth rate during the critical period (EGRcp), and N content and N concentration in different plant organs. We demonstrated that (i) N availability promoted differences among genotypes (G) in the response of EGRcp and KNP to PGRcp, (ii) variations in KN_E1 were explained by EGRcp (r² = 0.64) and by ear N content at silking + 12 d (r² = 0.64), and (iii) ear N concentration was a highly conservative trait (range between 10.47 and 15.98 mg N g biomass⁻¹) as compared to N concentration in vegetative tissues (range between 4.94 and 18.04 mg N g biomass⁻¹). Three response patterns were detected among hybrids, one for which the relationship between EGRcp and PGRcp did not vary between N levels and experiments, a second one for which N availability affected this relationship, and a third one for which the response was affected by the year (Y) effect. These results, together with the high correlation between EGRcp and ear N content (r² = 0.88), evidenced the importance of both photo-assimilate and N availability on EGRcp and KNP determination. Values of 1.5–2.3 g ear⁻¹ d⁻¹ during the critical period and 0.49–0.70 g of N ear⁻¹ at silking + 12 d were determined as thresholds for maximizing KN_E1, and both could be easily estimated by means of allometric models.  相似文献   

水稻籽粒钾和蛋白质含量的基因型差异   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

刘建祥  杨肖娥  吴良欢  杨玉爱 《中国水稻科学》2002,16(1):83-85

采用对低钾胁迫敏感程度不同的3种水稻基因型进行田间试验, 以研究水稻籽粒中钾和蛋白质含量。结果表明,低钾胁迫降低水稻籽粒中钾含量和粗蛋白含量,谷壳中钾含量高于米粒中钾含量,米粒中钾含量与粗蛋白含量呈显著正相关。钾高效基因型在低钾胁迫下谷壳和米粒中具有较高的钾相对含量,其米粒中的粗蛋白相对含量也较高。  相似文献   

不同氮肥利用效率水稻品种开花后地上部分氨挥发研究   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18  

吴小庆  徐阳春  沈其荣  郭世伟 《中国水稻科学》2006,20(4):429-433

采用密闭生长箱法研究了4个不同氮肥利用效率水稻品种开花后地上部的氨挥发损失。结果表明：尽管单位时间内不同水稻品种叶片氨挥发的数量存在差异,但各品种均呈现类似的昼夜变化规律,即白天叶片氨挥发的数量较高,夜晚（0:00～8:00）叶片氨挥发量显著下降。开花期是水稻全生育期中叶片氨挥发量最大的时期,其释放的氨占总挥发量的14%～16%。开花至成熟期地上部氨挥发的动态和氨挥发总量,不同氮效率水稻品种间存在显著差异,且氨挥发总量（y）与水稻氮肥利用率（x）存在极显著负相关：y=13.075-0.00968x （r=-0.9913**, n=4）。锡稻11生物量最小,其氨挥发量却最大;而地上部生物量较大的3010和武粳4号氨挥发量却较小,暗示不同品种间氨挥发的差异并非源于水稻地上部生物量的不同。  相似文献   

Physiology of manganese toxicity and tolerance in Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.     

Walter J. Horst  Marion Fecht  Annette Naumann  Alexander H. Wissemeier  Peter Maier 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(3):263-274

In cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) tolerance of manganese (Mn) excess depends on genotype, silicon (Si) nutrition, form of nitrogen (N) supply, and leaf age. The physiological mechanisms for improved Mn leaf-tissue tolerance are still poorly understood. On the basis of the density of brown spots per unit of leaf area and the callose content which are sensitive indicators of Mn toxicity, it was confirmed that cultivar (cv.) TVu 1987 was more Mn-tolerant than cv. TVu 91, young leaves were more Mn-tolerant, Si improved Mn tolerance, and NO₃^—-grown plants were more Mn-tolerant than NH₄⁺-grown plants. A close positive relationship existed between the bulk-leaf Mn content and the vacuolar Mn concentration from the same leaves. Since no clear and consistent differences existed between leaf tissues differing in Mn tolerance, the results suggest that accumulation of Mn in the vacuoles and its complexation by organic anions do not play a role in Mn leaf-tissue tolerance in cowpea. A near linear relationship was found between leaf Mn contents and concentrations of free (H₂O-soluble) and exchangeable-bound (BaCl₂-extractable) Mn in the apoplastic washing fluid (AWF) extracted from whole leaves by an infiltration and centrifugation technique. There were no differences in apoplastic Mn concentrations owing to genotype and form of nitrogen nutrition. However, Si decreased the Mn concentration in the AWF. With increasing bulk-leaf Mn contents, concentrations of organic anions in the AWF also increased. The results suggest that complexation of Mn by organic anions in the leaf apoplast contribute to Mn tolerance due to genotype and more clearly due to NO₃-N nutrition. Cell wall-bound peroxidase activity increased with leaf age and was higher in the Mn-sensitive cv. TVu 91 than in cv. TVu 1987. This was in agreement with a higher H₂O₂ production rate in cv. TVu 91. Also, a lower ratio of reduced to oxidized ascorbic acid in the AWF revealed that in Mn-sensitive leaf tissue, the apoplastic reduction capacity was lower than in Mn-tolerant leaf tissue when genotypes and leaves of different age were compared. We interpret our results as strong circumstantial evidence that Mn tolerance depends on the control of the free Mn²⁺concentration and of Mn²⁺-mediated oxidation/reduction reactions in the leaf apoplast.  相似文献   

Incorporating genomic annotation into single-step genomic prediction with imputed whole-genome sequence data          下载免费PDF全文

TENG Jin-yan  YE Shao-pan  GAO Ning  CHEN Zi-tao  DIAO Shu-qi  LI Xiu-jin  YUAN Xiao-long  ZHANG Hao  LI Jia-qi  ZHANG Xi-quan  ZHANG Zhe 《农业科学学报》2022,21(4):1126-1136

Single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) is now intensively investigated and widely used in livestock breeding due to its beneficial feature of combining information from both genotyped and ungenotyped individuals in the single model. With the increasing accessibility of whole-genome sequence (WGS) data at the population level, more attention is being paid to the usage of WGS data in ssGBLUP. The predictive ability of ssGBLUP using WGS data might be improved by incorporating biological knowledge from public databases. Thus, we extended ssGBLUP, incorporated genomic annotation information into the model, and evaluated them using a yellow-feathered chicken population as the examples. The chicken population consisted of 1 338 birds with 23 traits, where imputed WGS data including 5 127 612 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are available for 895 birds. Considering different combinations of annotation information and models, original ssGBLUP, haplotype-based ssG_HBLUP, and four extended ssGBLUP incorporating genomic annotation models were evaluated. Based on the genomic annotation (GRCg6a) of chickens, 3 155 524 and 94 837 SNPs were mapped to genic and exonic regions, respectively. Extended ssGBLUP using genic/exonic SNPs outperformed other models with respect to predictive ability in 15 out of 23 traits, and their advantages ranged from 2.5 to 6.1% compared with original ssGBLUP. In addition, to further enhance the performance of genomic prediction with imputed WGS data, we investigated the genotyping strategies of reference population on ssGBLUP in the chicken population. Comparing two strategies of individual selection for genotyping in the reference population, the strategy of evenly selection by family (SBF) performed slightly better than random selection in most situations. Overall, we extended genomic prediction models that can comprehensively utilize WGS data and genomic annotation information in the framework of ssGBLUP, and validated the idea that properly handling the genomic annotation information and WGS data increased the predictive ability of ssGBLUP. Moreover, while using WGS data, the genotyping strategy of maximizing the expected genetic relationship between the reference and candidate population could further improve the predictive ability of ssGBLUP. The results from this study shed light on the comprehensive usage of genomic annotation information in WGS-based single-step genomic prediction.  相似文献   

应用多重PCR检测水生动物源气单胞菌安徽分离株的毒力基因型分布   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

方兵 《水产学报》2005,29(4):473-477

粘附素(aha1)、气溶素(aerA)和细胞兴奋性肠毒素(alt)是气单胞菌的主要毒力因子。根据aha1、aerA和alt基因序列设计三对引物建立了可同时检测三种毒力基因的多重PCR方法(MPCR)。该方法扩增出气单胞菌的aha1大小为1087bp,aerA为721bp,alt为480bp,其敏感度为102CFU·mL-1。而对金黄色葡萄球菌、恶臭假单胞菌、拟态弧菌以及非致病性气单胞菌均未扩增出任何条带。用限制性内切酶EcoRⅤ、BamHⅠ和FbaⅠ分别酶切PCR扩增产物,均获得与预期一致的酶切图谱。用建立的MPCR对15株水生动物源气单胞菌安徽分离株进行毒力基因检测,结果显示在13株致病性气单胞菌中10株细菌的毒力基因型为alt aha1 aerA ,2株为alt aha1-aerA-,1株为alt aha1 aerA-;alt、aha1和aerA基因在气单胞菌中的携带率分别为100%、84.62%和76.92%。表明气单胞菌安徽分离株的主要毒力基因型是alt aha1 aerA 的高毒力表型,alt毒力基因普遍存在于不同表型种气单胞菌中。  相似文献   

草鱼生长相关优势基因型的聚合效果分析          下载免费PDF全文

孙雪  李胜杰  杜金星  姜鹏  周家辉  白俊杰 《渔业科学进展》2021,42(5):40-46

为研究草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生长性状相关分子标记聚合效果,本研究选择利用候选基因关联分析方法获得10个与生长性状相关SNP标记,分别位于草鱼载脂蛋白A-I-1基因(apoA-I-1)、丙酮酸激酶1型(PKL)、羧肽酶A1 (CPA1)、柠檬酸合酶(CS)、醛缩酶B(Aldo-B)、生长催乳素α (SLα)和肌球蛋白重链(MYH)基因上。先在24尾雌鱼和24尾雄鱼亲本中对各标记进行基因型检测,挑选1对最有利于不同优势基因型发生聚合的亲鱼构建家系。在7月龄时,对子代进行生长性状测量和各SNP标记的基因型分型,采用一般线性模型分析含不同优势基因个数的组别生长差异。结果显示,家系子代个体中含生长相关优势基因型的数量为0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7个,对应的个体数量依次为44、67、83、85、44、38、15和6尾,对应的平均体质量依次为129.66、144.45、151.33、153.53、154.77、160.50、167.50和176.67 g,生长相关优势基因型的聚合个数与草鱼生长速度呈正相关。子代中优势基因型的平均数量为2.58,与亲本群体的优势基因型平均数量(1.00)相比显著提高。研究表明,对草鱼生长相关优势基因进行聚合可获得生长性状优良个体,为草鱼分子标记辅助育种应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

不同水稻基因型籽粒产量与品质的生态变异研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

戴廷波  荆奇  王勋  姜东  曹卫星 《南京农业大学学报》2005,28(2):1-6

以日本和国际水稻研究所的9个水稻品种为材料,分别以武香粳9号和两优培九为对照,在江苏南京和云南丽江研究了不同水稻基因型的产量和品质特性及其生态变异性。结果表明,丽江点水稻产量显高于南京点,丽江点单位面积穗数极显高于南京点,其他构成因素在两生态点间差异较小。通径分析表明,每穗颖花数是限制丽江点水稻产量的主要因素,南京点是有效穗数。基因型、生态环境及其互作均对产量和产量构成因素及稻米品质性状有显或极显的影响,稻谷产量、穗数和结实率主要受生态环境的影响,每穗颖花数受基因型控制,千粒重受基因型或环境的独立影响;糙米率、整精米率主要受生态环境的调控,直链淀粉含量、碱消值和蛋白质含量主要受基因型控制,垩白米率受基因型和基因型环境互作的共同调节。丽江点整精米率和直链淀粉含量较高,垩白米率和糊化温度偏低,表明丽江点稻米品质稍优于南京点。  相似文献   

一类有关分离比例的遗传学推断题的解析     

刘进平 《金陵科技学院学报》2005,21(2):93-97

对大学遗传学教学中有关不同条件下的遗传分离比例进行了概括和总结,并对相关的几个典型疑难问题进行解答和分析,有助于加深学生对该内容的理解和掌握,也可为教师教学提供参考。  相似文献   

Effects of Genotype and Environment on the Main Components in Cottonseed of Upland Cotton     

Li Jiale  Zhao Rubing  Chen Jinhong  Zhu Shuijin 《棉花学报》2019,31(6):536-549

[Objective] The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of cotton genotypes, growth environment, and their interaction on major components in cottonseeds. [Method] Eleven upland cotton cultivars were planted in 10 different locations in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region as research materials. Cottonseeds were collected to determine the contents of six main components including protein content (PC), oil content (OC), gossypol, phytic acid (PA), α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, then the genotypes, environment, and their interaction effects were analyzed accordingly. [Result] The results showed that the genotypes, environment, and their interaction had extremely significant effect on the protein and oil content in cottonseeds. The environment had extremely significant effect on the gossypol and phytic acid content in cottonseed. The genotypes had extremely significant effect on the gossypol content and had significant effect on the phytic acid content in cottonseed, but their interaction was insignificant. The genotype effects of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol were not significant, but the environmental effects were significant. The differences of tocopherols between different regions reached the extremely significant level. In addition, protein content and oil content were significantly negatively correlated and the sum of the protein and oil contents remained stably at 75%. [Conclusion] In cotton seed quality breeding, not only the differences in varieties, but also the environment and the interaction between varieties and environment should be considered. The expression of the main components of cottonseed is the result of a combination of genotype and ecological environment.  相似文献