熟石灰施用对土壤pH及附子生长发育的影响     

陈鑫  黄晶  任品安  余马  侯大斌 《安徽农业科学》2017,45(19)

[目的]明确熟石灰对附子地酸性土壤的改良作用以及对附子生长发育的影响。[方法]开展盆栽试验研究熟石灰不同施用量对土壤pH、附子生长发育及产量的影响。[结果]不同熟石灰处理(1 350、1 800、2 250 kg/hm~2)均可显著提高土壤pH(P0.05),且不同程度地促进附子出苗、抽茎;中、低用量熟石灰(1 350、1 800 kg/hm~2)能促进附子株高,而高用量(2 250 kg/hm~2)则抑制植株生长;所有处理对附子苗期展叶数均无显著影响;熟石灰用量为1 800 kg/hm~2能提高单株附子产量,而用量为2 250 kg/hm~2能提高附子成活率,促进附子总产量提高。[结论]一定用量的熟石灰能有效调节酸性土壤pH,促进附子生长发育并提高产量。  相似文献   

Growing American ginseng in maple forests as an alternative land-use system in Québec, Canada     

I. Nadeau  A. Olivier  R. R. Simard  J. Coulombe  S. Yelle 《Agroforestry Systems》1998,44(2-3):345-353

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) is a medicinal crop which provides tens of millions of dollars in income every year for Canadian farmers. Most of the ginseng roots are produced in open fields under expensive shade structures. Farmers need to plant ginseng at a very high density to achieve profitability. Since high planting densities are related to high disease levels, field-cultivated ginseng requires frequent applications of pesticide. Growing ginseng in forests eliminates the need of a shade structure and may reduce the need for pesticides. Thus, an experiment was performed in a maple (Acer rubrum) forest in Québec to evaluate the effects of nutrient inputs such as lime or compost on ginseng development. Ginseng emergence and survival rates, leaf area and foliar and root weight were evaluated for each treatment. Soil samples were taken in each plot to determine the concentration of various soil nutrients. During the first two years of the experiment, it was noted that the application of lime had a significative positive effect on ginseng growth. This effect could be related to higher calcium concentration and/or lower aluminium toxicity. Liming would be an efficient way to improve the early development of ginseng in maple forests. This practice is also known to improve the health of maple stands. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

蛹虫草人工栽培技术的改进   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王升厚  宋玉宏 《沈阳农业大学学报》1998,29(2):144-147

以人工栽培的蛹虫草鲜品为材料,通过组织分离和培养手段获得的虫草种源同野生虫草组分种源Ｆｏｍ１相比产量性状没有明显差异;在栽培方法上采用搔菌和喷施５％生石灰水溶液,较好地解决了蛹虫草栽培中菌丝徒长、不转色、不现草的技术难题。  相似文献   

磷肥和石灰对酸性土壤上一年生黑麦草生长的影响     

储祥云  黄昌勇  何振立 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》1999,(1)

在二种强酸性、严重缺磷的土壤上,对一年生黑麦草做了磷肥和石灰用量的盆栽试验．结果表明：严重缺磷的土壤,施磷可成倍增加黑麦草产量;黄筋泥需磷量相对红砂土较高些．施磷量与收获后土壤速效磷含量与黑麦草产量密切相关,但土壤速效磷的等级指标,红砂土应比黄筋泥高些．石灰的增产作用远比磷肥低,增产效果还因施磷量不同而不同．在施石灰提高土壤ｐＨ达５．５的范围内,施磷量低的处理产量随石灰施用量的增加而增加;施磷量较高时,石灰的增产效果停留在低石灰用量上．  相似文献   

Availability and plant uptake of nutrients following the application of paper pulp and lime to tropical acid soils     

Jean Claude Voundi Nkana  Filip M. G. Tack  Marc G. Verloo 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2001,164(3):329-334

Availability and plant uptake of nutrients were evaluated in three tropical acid soils (Kandiudult) amended with paper pulp and lime under greenhouse conditions. Amendments were applied to attain target pH values of 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5. A control treatment (no paper pulp or lime added) was also included. Rye grass (Lolium perenne L.) as a test plant was grown for three successive cycles of 40 days each. Extractable nutrients and cumulative nutrient uptake were determined. The application of paper pulp or lime resulted in a significant increase in exchangeable Ca and K and a decrease in exchangeable Mg and extractable Fe, Mn, and Zn. Amendment of soils with paper pulp or lime increased plant uptake of Ca and Mg and decreased that of K, Mn, and Zn. Both amendments behaved similarly, but the effect of lime seemed generally greater than that of paper pulp. Paper pulp in tropical acid soils behaved as a liming agent rather than an organic amendment. Similar to lime, amendment of soils with paper pulp resulted in an increase in availability of Ca and Mg and in a decrease in availability of K, Mn, and Zn for plants. Soil extractions appeared to be appropriate for assessing the availability of Ca, Mn, and Zn. Soil pH and effective cation exchange capacity positively influenced the availability of Ca and negatively the availability of Mn and Zn. Thus, the precision of predicting nutrient availability in paper pulp amended tropical acid soils could be improved by including soil pH or effective cation exchange capacity in relevant regression equations.  相似文献   

Nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer improve pastures naturally growing under hazelnut trees     

Sebahattin Albayrak  Özgür Töngel  İlknur Ayan  Zeki Acar 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):154-161

Abstract

This three-year study (2003–2005) aimed to improve the yield and quality of pastures growing naturally that are colonized by naturally occurring vegetation without agricultural input under hazelnut (Corylus sp.) orchards in the middle and eastern Black Sea regions of Turkey. There were eight treatments: 1) control; 2) fertilizer only (triple superphosphate 44% and calcium ammonium nitrate 26%) (80kg ha^?1 P and 60 kg ha^?1 N in Samsun; 100 kg ha^?1 P and 80 kg ha^?1 N in Ordu; 100 kg ha^?1 P and 40 kg ha^?1 N in Giresun); 3) lime only (calcium carbonate 94%) (3.0 t ha^?1 lime in Samsun; 4.5 t ha^?1 lime in Ordu and Giresun); 4) early cut only; 5) soil aeration only; 6) fertilizer+lime; 7) fertilizer+lime+early cut; 8) fertilizer+lime+soil aeration, laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates at each location. The highest dry matter (DM) yield of kg ha^?1 and crude protein content (%) was obtained from the treatments that included fertilizer. There was no difference in DM production between any of the combination treatments that involved fertilizer and the fertilizer alone treatment. Only lime and aeration applications also increased yield compared to control, but not as much as did any treatment including fertilizer. Crude protein content of the pasture ranged from 13.3 to 18.1% across locations. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer are recommended to improve DM yields and herbage quality for pastures under hazelnut orchards.  相似文献   

有机肥与石灰配施对华南酸性土壤的改良效果          下载免费PDF全文

黄建凤  吴腾飞  叶芳  张木  逄玉万  吴昭云  肖勇  吴永沛  付弘婷  李苹 《农业资源与环境学报》2024,41(3):606-613

为明确有机肥与石灰对华南酸性土壤的改良效果,采用田间小区试验,研究了有机肥、石灰分别单施与配施对双季稻区酸性土壤的酸化性质、水稻生长及产量的影响。试验包括5个处理:不施肥(CK）、单施控释肥(CF）、控释肥+石灰(LM）、控释肥+有机肥(OF）、控释肥+石灰与有机肥配施(CLO）,除CK外,各处理养分保持一致,物料均在水稻移栽前一次性施入土壤。结果表明,CLO处理对土壤 pH的改良效果最优,其 pH提高了 0.42个单位,而 OF和 LM处理的 pH分别提升 0.27、0.37个单位;OF处理土壤有机质含量最高,达 44.46 g·kg^-1,其次为 CLO处理,达 37.76 g·kg^-1;LM、OF及 CLO处理均显著降低了土壤交换性酸含量,降幅最高的处理为CLO,达71.4%。相关性分析表明,土壤交换性氢和交换性铝与pH的回归方程斜率绝对值分别为1.356 8和0.156 0,均呈显著负相关;LM处理的土壤交换性盐基离子总量达7.52 cmol·kg^-1,显著高于其他处理,其次为CLO处理,达6.92 cmol·kg^-1。配施处理能增加灌浆期水稻叶片叶绿素含量,显著高于CK,增产效果最优。研究表明,有机肥与石灰配施较单独施用对华南酸化土壤的改良效果更好。  相似文献   

Structure liming enhances aggregate stability and gives varying crop responses on clayey soils     

Jens Blomquist  Magnus Simonsson  Ararso Etana  Kerstin Berglund 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(4):311-322

It has been suggested that liming can improve soil structure and thereby decrease losses of particles and associated nutrients. In this study, two types of structure lime, slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂) and a mixed product of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂), were applied at three different rates in field trials on clayey soils (23%–40% clay). A combination of primary tillage and structure liming was also studied, in a split-plot trial on a clayey soil (25% clay). Aggregate (2–5?mm) stability, measured as reduction in turbidity (which is strongly correlated with losses of particulate phosphorus), was significantly increased with the highest application rates of both structure lime products. Aggregate size distribution was also improved with structure lime, creating a finer tilth in the seedbed. Yield response to structure lime was not consistent, with both negative and positive responses over the four-year study period. Positive yield responses can possibly be attributed to the finer tilth preventing evaporation in two dry growing seasons. Negative yield responses were probably an effect of impaired phosphorus availability associated with limited precipitation in May-July in 2011 and 2013. Two years after liming, soil pH levels were significantly elevated in plots with the highest application rate of structure lime, whereas no significant increases were found three years after liming. However, a lingering effect of liming was still detectable, as manganese concentration in barley grain was significantly lower in plots with the highest application rates of both structure lime products in the fourth study year. These results indicate that structure liming can be used as a measure to mitigate phosphorus losses from clayey soils, thereby preventing eutrophication of nearby waters. However, the yield response was varying and unpredictable and thus further investigations are needed to determine the circumstances in which field liming can act efficiently not only to prevent phosphorus losses, but also to ensure consistent yield increases.  相似文献   

Feeding value of enset (Ensete ventricosum), Desmodium intortum hay and untreated or urea and calcium oxide treated wheat straw for sheep     

A. Nurfeta  A. Tolera  L. O. Eik  F. Sundstøl 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(1):94-104

Feed intake, in vivo nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization were evaluated in male sheep fed different fractions (leaf, pseudostem, corm, whole plant) of enset, untreated or 2% urea‐ and 3% calcium oxide‐ (CaO or lime) treated wheat straw and Desmodium intortum hay as sole diets. All feeds, except D. intortum hay and enset leaf had low crude protein (CP) content. Non‐fiber carbohydrate contents were higher in enset fractions, especially in pseudostem and corm relative to other feeds. Enset leaf and pseudostem had high calcium, phosphorus and manganese contents. Corm, whole enset and D. intortum hay were rich sources of zinc. Daily dry matter and CP intakes were higher (p < 0.05) in sheep fed D. intortum hay (830 and 133 g, respectively) than those fed pseudostem (92 and 7.8 g, respectively). Organic matter digestibilities were highest for corm (0.780) and whole enset (0.776) and lowest for D. intortum hay (0.534) and untreated wheat straw (0.522). The CP digestibility ranged from 0.636 in D. intortum hay to 0.408 in corm. Nitrogen (N) balance was highest (p < 0.05) in D. intortum hay (10.4 g/day) and lowest in corm (?1.3 g/day). Enset leaf could be a useful protein supplement whereas the pseudostem and corm could be good sources of energy.  相似文献   

Experimental study on eccentric compression behaviour of autoclaved flyash lime brick masonry     

QIN Shi hong  CAO Huan ming  NI Xiao jun  LUO Wan kang 《保鲜与加工》2009,(7):809-814

To study the eccentric compression performance of autoclaved flyash lime brick masonry, and validate the applicability of current code’s calculation method, static tests on 36 eccentrically loaded puncheons of standard autoclaved flyash lime solid brick and KP1 type perforated brick with circular holes masonry are carried out by applying eccentric load on the top of the specimens. The bearing capacity of eccentric compression is analyzed using plane section assumption and ideal stress/strain curve. The features and shapes during the process of failure are obtained and the eccentric compression impact factor formula is also obtained by regression analysis of experimental data. With eccentricity increasing, cracking load and failure load are gradually decreased, and the failure features gradually change into large eccentric compression from axial compression. Most test values of bearing capacity under eccentric compression are higher than code calculating values. The average strain distribution in the section is in accordance with the plane section assumption. The theoretical analysis method used is feasible, current code’s formula can be used to calculate the bearing capacity of flyash lime brick masonry under eccentric compression.  相似文献