排序方式： 共有22条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Biologically produced surfactants （SACs） can mobilize and solubilize non-aqueous phase liquids （NAPL） adsorbed onto soil constituents. The interest in microbial surfactants has increased during recent years due to their lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, selectivity and specific activity under extreme conditions than synthetic SACs. Main output of the project represents preparation of this yeast biosurfactant intended for washing of matrices contaminated by NAPL. The influence of cultivation media composition on biosurfactant production was studied and basic properties （critical micelle concentration （CMC）, minimum surface tension） of isolated biosurfactants were compared with properties of synthetic surfactant with surface tension measurement. The interracial tension of the systems containing aqueous solutions of different concentrations and non-polar substances was measured with petroleum compounds （kerosene Jet A-l）, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons （represented by toluene and hexane）. The solution of biosurfactant Yarrowia lipolytica （YAR） in the concentration range of 0-500 mg/L reduced interracial tension by 80% in all representative systems with model contaminants; biosurfactant Candida bombicola （CAN） was less efficient. Solubilization properties were proved with toluene and hexachlorocyclohexane （HCH） isomers alpha and gamma, and effective concentration of biosurfactants was determined as 100 mg/L for toluene and HCH. SACs produced by lipophilic yeast with non-toxic and non-pathogenic status （Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida sp., etc.） seem to be very promising. The results obtained will be used for the application of biosurfactants in the clean-up technologies as agents for the mobilization of non-polar contaminants as well as for stimulation of bioremediation processes. 相似文献
12.
Zouher Amzil Amlie Derrien Aouregan Terre Terrillon Audrey Duval Coralie Connes Franoise Marco-Miralles Elisabeth Nzan Kenneth Neil Mertens 《Marine drugs》2021,19(7)
In France, four groups of lipophilic toxins are currently regulated: okadaic acid/dinophysistoxins, pectenotoxins, yessotoxins and azaspiracids. However, many other families of toxins exist, which can be emerging toxins. Emerging toxins include both toxins recently detected in a specific area of France but not regulated yet (e.g., cyclic imines, ovatoxins) or toxins only detected outside of France (e.g., brevetoxins). To anticipate the introduction to France of these emerging toxins, a monitoring program called EMERGTOX was set up along the French coasts in 2018. The single-laboratory validation of this approach was performed according to the NF V03-110 guidelines by building an accuracy profile. Our specific, reliable and sensitive approach allowed us to detect brevetoxins (BTX-2 and/or BTX-3) in addition to the lipophilic toxins already regulated in France. Brevetoxins were detected for the first time in French Mediterranean mussels (Diana Lagoon, Corsica) in autumn 2018, and regularly every year since during the same seasons (autumn, winter). The maximum content found was 345 µg (BTX-2 + BTX-3)/kg in mussel digestive glands in November 2020. None were detected in oysters sampled at the same site. In addition, a retroactive analysis of preserved mussels demonstrated the presence of BTX-3 in mussels from the same site sampled in November 2015. The detection of BTX could be related to the presence in situ at the same period of four Karenia species and two raphidophytes, which all could be potential producers of these toxins. Further investigations are necessary to understand the origin of these toxins. 相似文献
13.
14.
Bernd Krock Urban Tillmann éric Potvin Hae Jin Jeong Wolfgang Drebing Jane Kilcoyne Ahmed Al-Jorani Michael J. Twiner Qun G?thel Matthias K?ck 《Marine drugs》2015,13(11):6687-6702
Two strains of Azadinium poporum, one from the Korean West coast and the other from the North Sea, were mass cultured for isolation of new azaspiracids. Approximately 0.9 mg of pure AZA-36 (1) and 1.3 mg of pure AZA-37 (2) were isolated from the Korean (870 L) and North Sea (120 L) strains, respectively. The structures were determined to be 3-hydroxy-8-methyl-39-demethyl-azaspiracid-1 (1) and 3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-39-demethyl-azaspiracid-1 (2) by 1H- and 13C-NMR. Using the Jurkat T lymphocyte cell toxicity assay, (1) and (2) were found to be 6- and 3-fold less toxic than AZA-1, respectively. 相似文献
15.
Prevalence and incidence of the marine toxins (paralytic, amnesic, and lipophilic toxins) including the so-called emerging toxins (these are, gymnodimines, pinnatoxins, or spirolides among others) have increased in recent years all over the world. Climate change, which is affecting the distribution of their producing phytoplankton species, is probably one of the main causes. Early detection of the toxins present in a particular area, and linking the toxins to their causative phytoplankton species are key tools to minimize the risk they pose for human consumers. The development of both types of studies requires fast and highly sensitive analytical methods. In the present work, we have developed a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology (LC-MS/MS), using a column with fused-core particle technology, for the determination of fourteen lipophilic toxins in a single run of 3.6 min. The performance of the method was evaluated for specificity, linearity, precision (repeatability and reproducibility) and accuracy by analysing spiked and naturally contaminated samples. The in-house validation was successful, and the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for all the toxins were far below their regulatory action limits. The method is suitable to be considered in monitoring systems of bivalves for food control. 相似文献
16.
为探明超声处理对大豆亲脂蛋白(Lipophilic protein,LP)结构及溶解性的影响,将分离提取的LP在不同条件下进行超声处理,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FITR)、内源和外源荧光强度、差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析超声处理对LP结构及溶解性的影响。结果表明:SDS-PAGE显示,超声处理并不能改变LP的分子量分布,但能改变亚基的含量;红外光谱及内源、外源荧光光谱显示,不同的超声处理条件对LP的二、三级结构均会产生不同程度的影响,随着超声强度的增加,α-螺旋先减少、后增加,β-折叠先增加、后减少,在360 W超声功率下处理10 min时内源、外源荧光强度最强;在360 W超声功率下处理10 min和240 W超声功率下处理20 min时对LP的热稳定性、溶解性的改善效果最佳,变性温度提高6～7℃,溶解度提高约20个百分点,而超声功率过大时则会对LP的功能性质产生负面影响。通过试验得出最佳超声条件为:在360 W超声功率下处理10 min,LP理化性质最适合应用于食品工业。 相似文献
17.
Haiyan Wu Jianhua Yao Mengmeng Guo Zhijun Tan Deqing Zhou Yuxiu Zhai 《Marine drugs》2015,13(7):4281-4295
To investigate the prevalence of lipophilic marine biotoxins in shellfish from the Chinese market, we used hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure levels of okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid (AZA1), pectenotoxin (PTX2), gymnodimine (GYM), and spirolide (SPX1). We collected and analyzed 291 shellfish samples from main production sites along a wide latitudinal transect along the Chinese coastline from December 2008 to December 2009. Results revealed a patchy distribution of the five toxins and highlighted the specific geographical distribution and seasonal and species variation of the putative toxigenic organisms. All five lipophilic marine biotoxins were found in shellfish samples. The highest concentrations of OA, AZA1, PTX2, GYM, and SPX1 were 37.3, 5.90, 16.4, 14.4, and 8.97 μg/kg, respectively. These values were much lower than the legislation limits for lipophilic shellfish toxins. However, the value might be significantly underestimated for the limited detection toxins. Also, these toxins were found in most coastal areas of China and were present in almost all seasons of the year. Thus, these five toxins represent a potential threat to human health. Consequently, studies should be conducted and measures should be taken to ensure the safety of the harvested product. 相似文献
18.
农药的科学使用问题与农药应用工艺学 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作者简要评述了农药与农药使用技术同步发展的历史。对早期无机农药时代以及后期有机合成农药时代开发的农药的显然相反的物理化学性质进行了毒理和使用方面的比较,认为农药的不良副作用是由于有机合成农药的高亲脂性和高的油/水分配系数所引起,并从而产生了有机合成农药在生物圈中的富集现象以及对环境质量的冲击。经过长期的多学科合作研究,由此诞生了农药应用工艺学,其目的是为了解决农药的不良副作用所产生的各种问题。本文简要介绍了农药应用工艺学的科学范畴及相关科学领域的研究内容和发展现状。 相似文献
19.
大豆亲脂蛋白（Lipophilic protein, LP）和羟丙基甲基纤维素（Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC）在中性条件下（pH值74）复合后,可自发组成LP-HPMC复合物,但仍有部分未自组装的LP和HPMC存在于溶液中,目前仍无法实现LP-HPMC最大程度复合以及最多结合位点的目标。采用荧光光谱和红外光谱研究了不同超高压处理对LP-HPMC复合程度以及作用力的影响,采用乳化活性和乳化稳定性测定、表面疏水性分析、动态光散射粒度分析等解析了超高压对LP-HPMC结构变化与功能性质表达的构效关系。结果表明：LP-HPMC复合物通过非共价相互作用结合,蛋白二级结构发生相应改变。当压力为400MPa时,复合物有最大的溶解度和最小的表面疏水值,分别为41.1%和57.832,此时乳化活性和乳化稳定性指标也最佳。 相似文献
20.
Effects of bacteriostasis of the Neutral Lipophilic Components in Zanthoxylum dissitum were studied. The neutral lipophilic extract was fractionated through SiO_2 column and the products were identified by ~1H-NMR,~ 13 C-NMR and MS. The results showed that the fraction exhibited strong bacteriostasis activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. and also showed more or less inhibition on Escherichia coli. Six components were obtained,namely triacontane,1-hexadecanol,β-sitosterol,ursolic acid,isopimpi... 相似文献