春花生超高产栽培技术模式研究与应用     

徐民  王宗芳  张祥海 《花生学报》2014,(2):18-26

采取正交旋转回归设计,以播种期、种植密度、施肥量为试验因子,以9000kg/hm2为产量目标函数,进行春花生超高产栽培模式集成研究。结果表明,在鲁西南平原地区,超高产春花生以种植密度和N、P、K施肥量为主要限制因素,播种期为次要限制因素。明确了春花生单产达到9000kg/hm2以上的最佳种植密度、播种期和合理的N、P2O5、K2O施用量为主要指标的栽培技术模式,增产效果显著。  相似文献   

增密减氮对弱筋小麦‘宁麦13’产量和品质的影响     

徐俊  姚远  钱晨诚  丁锦峰  李春燕  朱新开  郭文善  朱敏 《中国农学通报》2021,37(14):1-8

为实现弱筋小麦优质稳产,解决当前弱筋小麦存在品质稳定性差的问题。本试验以弱筋小麦‘宁麦13’为试材,结合方差分析等方法研究增密减氮对弱筋小麦的产量、群体质量指标以及籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,在240 kg/hm²施氮水平条件下,随着密度的增加,小麦LAI、干物质积累量均呈先增加后下降的趋势,密度超过240×10⁴/hm²会导致LAI、干物质积累量、产量下降。在240×10⁴/hm²密度条件下,施氮量超过240 kg/hm²会导致小麦叶面积指数、SPAD值、花后干物质积累量和产量下降。适当的增密减氮有利于提高弱筋小麦的优质稳产,而过量增密减氮则会导致小麦产量下降,品质不稳定。为实现产量和品质的最优化,生产上推荐采用种植密度为240×10⁴/hm²,施氮量为180 kg/hm²,氮肥运筹为7:1:2:0的栽培模式。  相似文献   

Physiological characteristics of high yield under cluster planting: photosynthesis and canopy microclimate of cotton     

Ting-ting Xie  Pei-xi Su  Li-zhe An  Li-shan Shan  Zi-juan Zhou  Zhong-ping Chai 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(1):165-172

Cotton produces more biomass and economic yield when cluster planting pattern (three plants per hole) than in a traditional planting pattern (one plant per hole), even at similar plant densities, indicating that individual plant growth is promoted by cluster planting. The causal factors for this improved growth induced by cluster planting pattern, the light interception, canopy microclimate and photosynthetic rate of cotton were investigated in an arid region of China. The results indicated that the leaf area index and light interception were higher in cluster planting, and significantly different from those in traditional planting during the middle and late growth stages. Cotton canopy humidity at different growth stages was increased but canopy temperatures were reduced by cluster planting. In the later growth stage of cluster planting, the leaf chlorophyll content was higher and the leaf net photosynthetic rate and canopy photosynthetic rate were significantly increased in comparing with traditional planting pattern. We concluded that differences in canopy light interception and photosynthetic rate were the primary factors responsible for increased biomass production and economic yield in cluster planting compared with the traditional planting of cotton.  相似文献   

丘陵山地用小型自走式青贮机的设计思考     

张亚萍 《现代农业科技》2021,16(16)

玉米是世界三大主要粮食作物之一，收获是玉米生产的重要环节。设计一款适合偏远山区、丘陵地区等路况复杂、地块小且不规则地使用的青贮机有很好的应用价值。本文通过对设计内容的研究与分析，得出设计流程，为物理样机提供理论依据。  相似文献   

基于合成法的定位误差的分析与计算     

韩霞  赵宇  陈恒高 《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2014,(1):18-19,45

为保证机床夹具设计的可靠性,定位误差的计算是机床夹具设计过程中必不可少的重要环节之一。为此从定位误差的产生机理出发,介绍了定位误差的概念、产生原因,并给出计算公式,有助于快速实现定位误差的求解。  相似文献   

透光抚育对“栽针保阔”红松林中红松生长过程的影响     

韩阳瑞牟长城  张晓亮等 《安徽农业科学》2014,(8):2365-2367,2392

[目的]通过研究长白山地区不同透光抚育强度下"栽针保阔"阔叶红松林中红松的生长情况,揭示透光抚育对"栽针保阔"红松林中红松生长过程的影响规律,旨在为阔叶红松林的恢复、经营提供有力的科学依据。[方法]研究5种透光抚育(未采伐对照、低度择伐、中度择伐、强度择伐及上层皆伐)对红松生长的影响。[结果]红松在群落中的地位随着透光抚育强度的增大逐步得到提升,同时透光抚育能够显著提高"栽针保阔"红松林内红松优势木(63.4%~146.5%、64.6%~158.6%)、平均木(57.9%~271.1%、42.5%~261.7%)和被压木(56.5%~182.6%、95.5%~245.5%)的树高和胸径,且呈现出随透光抚育强度的增大而递增的规律性。[结论]透光抚育能显著提高红松树高和胸径生长。  相似文献   

基于单片机与电话网的远程测控研究     

朱千锋 《湖南农机》2011,(11):66-67

在很多的行业、部门中,都存在着因为现场与能够处理数据的管理机构隔着较远的距离,或者因为现场无人值守而导致取得的第一手数据无法及时的进行上传,但是,又必须要定时的对部分现场数据进行及时的了解和传送,这样的话对现场的情况就能够起到实时监控或者准时监控的目的。这时,各行业部门中就非常需要得到一种能够满足该项要求的单片机数据采集及远程通信系统来提供可靠的技术支持。  相似文献   

Cause and Consequence in Maize Planting Dates in Germany          下载免费PDF全文

P. S. Parker  J. S. Shonkwiler  J. Aurbacher 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(3):227-240

An important part of agricultural adaptation is the timing of crop sowing dates, affecting yields and the level of risk incurred during a particular season. Cold stress is especially relevant in maize, Zea mays L., so that the timing of planting in the spring is a tactical response to short‐term weather, but is also subject to strategic planning with regard to longer‐term climate. Both factors compare the potential implications of cold stress to the additional yield obtainable through earlier planting. New cultivars suited to growing conditions in Europe and generally increasing spring temperatures have enabled earlier planting, but it is still dependent on short‐term weather during the planting period. In the context of field‐level decision‐making, a panel regression is used to estimate the relationship between weekly local temperature and precipitation and planting dates at specific sites throughout Germany. Next, localised weather data and planting behaviour are linked to yields at the district (Landkreis) level to show the effects of planting date on yield. Based on these relationships optimal planting dates are explored with some associated costs and benefits. Results show a trend towards earlier planting that follows observed increasing spring temperatures and the availability of more cold‐tolerant cultivars but this advance is buffered by the increasing severity of minimum temperatures during a critical period. Earlier planting potentially increases yield but this is offset by additional management costs and risk. A robust and simple depiction of farmer behaviour in climatic, technological and economic context can help to understand trends in crop management and productivity that effect agricultural landscapes.  相似文献   

双季稻最佳磷肥和钾肥用量与密度组合研究   总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4  

徐新朋  王秀斌  李大明  柳开楼  余喜初  梁国庆  何萍  周卫 《植物营养与肥料学报》2016,22(3):598-608

【目的】为明确磷肥、钾肥用量和移栽密度对双季稻的施用效果,在田间试验条件下研究了不同磷肥用量、钾肥用量和移栽密度组合对江西双季稻产量、产量构成要素及磷肥和钾肥利用率的影响。【方法】本研究采用裂区试验设计研究了不同施磷量和移栽密度、不同施钾量和移栽密度对双季稻产量、磷肥和钾肥利用率的影响。磷肥用量和移栽密度试验中,设4个施磷水平(P2O5 0、60、90、120 kg/hm2,以P0、P60、P90和P120表示)和4种移栽密度(21×104、27×104、33×104、39×104 穴/hm2,以D21、D27、D33和D39表示)组合。钾肥用量和移栽密度试验中,设4个施钾水平(K2O 0、90、120、150 kg/hm2,以K0、K90、K120和K150表示),密度设置同磷肥试验。在水稻成熟期对产量以及产量构成要素进行测定,并分析其磷素和钾素的吸收量和利用率等指标。【结果】磷肥与密度试验中,同一施磷水平下,早稻产量和地上部磷素吸收量随着移栽密度的增加而增加,当施磷量超过60 kg/hm2时,产量和磷素吸收量不再随密度增加而显著增加,磷素吸收利用率(REP)、磷素农学效率(AEP)和磷素偏生产力(PFPP)逐步降低,以P60D39处理组合的产量和磷素吸收利用率最高,分别为5303.9 kg/hm2和24.4%,AEP为29.4 kg/kg; 晚稻则以施磷量在60 kg/hm2和33×104 穴/hm2密度组合的产量和磷素吸收利用率最高,分别为7246.9 kg/hm2和42.4%,AEP为36.2 kg/kg。钾肥与密度试验中,早稻的钾素吸收量随着施钾量的增加而增加,施钾量在120 kg/hm2和39×104 穴/hm2密度组合的处理产量和钾素吸收利用率(REK)最高,分别为6376.3 kg/hm2和67.2%,此时钾素农学效率(AEK)为15.6 kg/kg; 晚稻则以施钾量在90 kg/hm2和33×104 穴/hm2密度组合的处理产量和REK最佳,分别为7025.6 kg/hm2和74.0%,AEK为21.7 kg/kg。【结论】合理的磷肥、钾肥用量和移栽密度可以显著增加水稻单位面积有效穗数和养分累积量,进而增加水稻产量和肥料利用率,但过高的磷肥和钾肥施用会抑制产量的进一步增加。建议本研究区域的早稻采用施磷量在60 kg/hm2、施钾量120 kg/hm2和39×104穴/hm2的密度组合,而晚稻采用施磷量60 kg/hm2、施钾量90 kg/hm2和33×104 穴/hm2的密度组合。  相似文献   

采用混合生物地理学算法的番茄种植规划研究     

罗丹  张宏立 《中国农业大学学报》2015,20(1):164-169

为解决番茄酱产季原料供应不均衡问题,在构建番茄种植规划的数学模型基础上,提出采用生物地理学算法对番茄种植规划模型的求解。利用余弦迁移模型、干扰迁移算子和基于高斯分布的变异算子对BBO算法进行适当改进,并与差分进化算法的变异算子结合,以增强生物地理学算法的全局搜索性能。以新疆某番茄酱厂为例对番茄种植规划问题进行计算,结果表明:采用该算法获得的种植方案能实现番茄原料产量与番茄酱厂生产能力之间的平衡。仿真结果验证了番茄种植规划数学模型的合理性。在求解番茄种植规划问题上,与其他智能优化算法相比,该算法具有较好的收敛性。  相似文献