Influence of condensed tannin on intake, digestibility, and efficiency of protein utilization in beef steers fed high concentrate diet     

R. Mezzomo  P.V.R. Paulino  E. Detmann  S.C. Valadares Filho  M.F. Paulino  J.P.I.S. Monnerat  M.S. Duarte  L.H.P. Silva  L.S. Moura 《Livestock Science》2011,141(1):1-11

This trial was conducted to evaluate if the effect of condensed tannin (CT) is associated with a true protein source on intake, ruminal and total digestibility, ruminal digestion rate, protein efficiency, and microbial efficiency in beef steers fed high concentrate diet (87% of DM). Four Bos indicus steers (407 ± 12 kg of BW) fitted with rumen cannula were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of either inclusion (0.4% of DM) or exclusion of condensed tannin (CT) from quebracho extract (76% of CT) with or without the use of soybean meal (SBM) as source of true protein. The level of inclusion was calculated to provide a daily intake of 1 g/10 kg of BW of CT. Intake of DM and nutrients was not affected (P > 0.10) by CT inclusion. However, there was an effect (P < 0.10) of CT inclusion on ether extract digestibility. An interaction (P < 0.10) was observed between CT and SBM on ruminal digestibility and digestion rate of crude protein (CP): when mixed with soybean meal, CT decreased the ruminal digestibility and, consequently, reduced the digestion rate of CP. Intake of CP increased (P < 0.10) with the inclusion of SBM. No differences in DM passage rate were observed (P > 0.10) among treatments. Effects of the interaction (P < 0.10) between CT and SBM were observed on flux of rumen undegradable protein (RUP), metabolizable protein (MP), and on the ratio MP:CP. In the presence of soybean meal, the addition of CT increased (P < 0.10) the flux of RUP and MP, and improved the ratio MP:CP. The yield of microbial protein on the abomasum and the microbial efficiency did not differ among treatments (P > 0.10). There was no difference (P > 0.10) on the pH, VFA, and ruminal ammonia (N-NH₃) with the addition of condensed tannin. The N-NH₃ increased and the ruminal pH decreased with the inclusion of soybean meal (P < 0.10). The utilization of condensed tannin as an additive in beef cattle diets with high level of concentrate and soybean meal as a source of true protein implies positive effects on crude protein utilization, decreasing digestion rate and ruminal digestibility of crude protein and consequently increasing the levels of metabolizable protein, with no changes in the ruminal fermentation parameters.  相似文献   

银杏叶或银杏叶提取物药理作用机制的研究进展     

喻林华  王义强  蓝华  王爽 《北方园艺》2011,(10):188-190

银杏是我国传统中药,具有重要的药用价值。现对银杏叶或银杏叶提取物在心血管系统、脑及中枢神经系统、抗肿瘤方面的药理作用机制的研究进行了综述。  相似文献   

β-葡聚糖酶降解茯苓多糖的效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭雨桐  肖文军 《北方园艺》2011,(24):18-22

以资源丰富且多糖含量高的茯苓为原料,以茯苓多糖的提取得率为指标,通过酶促降解的单因子试验、正交实验及验证试验,研究了β-葡聚糖酶对茯苓多糖的降解效应,优化筛选了β-葡聚糖酶降解茯苓多糖的技术参数.结果表明:反应温度55℃、时间90 min、pH 5.5、酶浓度6.5％是β-葡聚糖酶降解茯苓多糖的最优技术参数,在该参数条件下,应用β-葡聚糖酶提取茯苓多糖的得率为13.31％,对茯苓多糖的高值化利用具有较好的参考指导价值.  相似文献   

不同氮磷配比对三年生宽叶羌活药材产量及品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨有霖 《北方园艺》2011,(19):163-166

采用二因素随机区组设计,利用尿素、过磷酸钙不同配比施用于3 a生宽叶羌活实生苗进行施肥试验.结果表明:单施尿素时施肥量120 kg/hm2是3a生宽叶羌活药材高产的最佳施用量,单施过磷酸钙时,施用量400 kg/hm2是宽叶羌活药材产量最佳使用量.随着尿素和过磷酸钙用量的增加、3 a生宽叶羌活药材的羌活根产量、挥发油含量、醇浸出物含量逐渐增加,在尿素施肥量120 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙施用量400 kg/hm2时3 a生宽叶羌活药材根产量、挥发油含量、醇浸出物含量均达到最大,之后逐渐降低.在青藏高原地区,3 a生羌活药材产量、挥发油含量、浸出物含量最高的肥料配比为:尿素施肥量120 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙用量400 kg/hm2.  相似文献   

土壤盐分离子对浸提液电导率的敏感性分析建模     

马亮  何继武  刘锋  陈亮亮 《干旱地区农业研究》2011,29(6):143-146

为了研究土壤盐分离子对浸提液电导率的敏感性,首先采用灰色关联分析法对影响土壤浸提液电导率的盐分离子进行初步分析,之后采用缺省因子法与主成分分析法进一步分析检验.结果表明:Cl-、Na+这两种离子对土壤浸提液电导率的变化最为敏感;灰色关联分析法所得结果与基于缺省因子法的主成分分析模型结果基本一致;影响土壤浸提液电导率的7...  相似文献   

杨梅叶抑菌活性成分初步分离与鉴定   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张绍勇  李桥  陈安良 《农药学学报》2011,13(2):149-154

用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇分别对杨梅叶甲醇提取物进行了萃取,得不同萃取相。测定了其对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani、水稻立枯丝核Rhizoctonia solani、小麦禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum、 黄瓜炭疽病菌Colletotrichum lagenarium、玉米大斑病菌Setosphaeria turcica等植物病原菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的抑菌活性较好。对乙酸乙酯相进一步分离得到7个化合物,经电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和碳谱(13C NMR)鉴定其分别为已知化合物山楂酸( 1 )、3-O-反-对-香豆酰基马斯里酸( 2 )、3-O-没食子酰二氢杨梅素( 3 )、斛皮素-7-O-鼠李糖甙( 4 )、杨梅素3-O-鼠李糖甙( 5 )、杨梅素-3-O-鼠李糖(3-O-没食子酰)甙( 6 )和杨梅素-3-O-鼠李糖(2-O-没食子酰)甙( 7 )。孢子萌发法测定结果表明,化合物 3~6 对番茄灰霉病菌和玉米大斑病菌的孢子萌发具有较好的抑制作用,EC50值分别在3.44~4.59 mg/L和8.85~11.6 mg/L之间。  相似文献   

不同落叶提取液对豇豆种子化感效应的研究     

白雪梅  伍秋琳  汤津津  孙杰  李仰锐 《中国园艺文摘》2011,27(2):44-45

以豇豆种子为受体材料,研究5种落叶提取液对豇豆种子的化感作用.结果表明:不同浓度的落叶提取液对豇豆种子发芽和幼苗的生长有不同的影响,落叶提取液对种子萌发表现出高浓度抑制、低浓度促进的现象.对幼苗的生长有一定的促进作用,小叶榕、黄桷兰落叶提取液不同程度地抑制豇豆的干物质重,且随着浓度的增加,抑制作用逐渐增强;桂花落叶提取液对豇干物质重的影响呈现出低浓度促进、高浓度抑制现象.  相似文献   

甲醇微量元素溶液对凤仙花及小白菜生长的影响     

刘振南 《广西农业生物科学》1995,(2)

对凤仙花或小白菜植株，喷淋０．１％～０．２５％甲醇溶液、微量元素溶液或两者混合溶液，植株的鲜重、干重比对照处理均表现增重效果。在小白菜的试验中，０．１％甲醇溶液处理的植株干重，在先后两次分析中，分别比对照增加１２．６％和１０．９％；而鲜重则分别增加１１．５％和１１％。在用０．２５％甲醇溶液处理凤仙花植株时，在２０ｄ内，可使植株干重增加，但继续施用时，可因药物的浓度或剂量过高，导致植株黄化，干重下降。  相似文献   

Irrigation with plant extracts in ecofarming increases biomass production and mineral and organic nitrogen content of plants     

Gerhard Gramss  Klaus‐Dieter Voigt  Hans Bergmann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(5):612-620

Seedlings of alfalfa, rape, spinach, and wheat, potted on sandy soil, were irrigated with an aqueous extract of pea shoot (PE, 9.84 g dry weight l^–1) or a solution of Ca, K, Mg, P, and NO₃‐N salts (SS) in a concentration similar to that in PE, for 31–48 days. In comparison to water‐irrigated controls, both SS and PE treated plants showed nearly equal increases in shoot dry weight (29–40 %), whereas PE‐treated plants had higher fresh weights (38–84 %) due to increased succulence. Treatment with SS did not enhance, but sometimes even reduce, the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, and several trace elements in shoot tissues. In contrast, PE‐treated plants had higher Ca, K, Mg, and organic N, but lower As and Ni contents and were thus of higher nutritive value. Reduced contents of metals in plant tissue correlated with their reduced solubility in the soil solution, which was not due to changes in pH. Fertilizer components such as K and Mg (metals of lower exchange intensity) were incorporated into the soil to release Ca, Sr, and Ba (metals of higher exchange intensity) and reduce the solubility of most trace elements and metal‐complexing humic substances. In addition, application of Ca precipitated heavy metals and humic complexes directly from the soil solution. This effect was partially overcome by PE. Its carboxylic acids could act as phytochelators of metal ions and as mobilizers of the highly diffusible humic substances which carry metals to roots. It is concluded that continuous PE application replaces the quantities of Ca, K, Mg, P, and organic N, but not of NO₃‐N consumed during plant growth. Using PE does not add any relevant quantities of toxic metals to the plant‐soil system.  相似文献   

柠条锦鸡儿凋落物提取液对自身种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾淼 《河南农业科学》2015,(6)

为研究柠条锦鸡儿凋落物对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,采用恒温培养法研究了不同质量浓度凋落物提取液对其种子萌发各项指标和幼苗生长中根系活力、细胞膜透性以及抗氧化酶活性等的影响。结果表明:柠条锦鸡儿凋落物提取液对其自身种子萌发有一定的抑制作用,并且质量浓度越高抑制作用越明显。当提取液质量浓度为0.05 g/m L时,种子萌发各指标与空白对照均无显著差异(P0.05);当提取液质量浓度高于0.05 g/m L时,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、胚根长随提取液质量浓度的增加急剧降低(P0.05),并且柠条锦鸡儿凋落物提取液延长了种子发芽时间,但对幼苗鲜质量和干质量的影响不显著(P0.05);高质量浓度(0.30 g/m L)柠条锦鸡儿凋落物提取液致使种子失活。统计和相关性分析表明,叶片丙二醛含量和细胞膜透性与提取液质量浓度均呈极显著的线性正相关(P0.001),叶绿素含量、根系活力、保护性酶(POD、SOD、CAT)和非保护性酶(PPO、PAL)活性与提取液质量浓度均呈极显著的线性负相关(P0.001)。综上,柠条锦鸡儿凋落物提取液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长有一定程度的自毒作用。  相似文献