Seasonal Patterns of Microbial Community Structure and Enzyme Activities in Coastal Saline Soils of Perennial Halophytes     

《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(5):1779-1790

Perennial halophytes are known to be one of the most influential parameters in coastal ecosystem affecting ecosystem processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities in different halophyte‐covered soils (Arthrocnemum indicum , Aeluropus lagopoides , Heleochloa setulosa and Suaeda nudiflora ) with control soil (un‐vegetated) that were collected in three seasons (rainy, winter and summer) from intertidal coastal soils of Gujarat, India. Soil microbial community structure was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling. Halophytes influenced significantly soil micro‐environment by exerting effects on the soil chemical characteristics, enzyme activities and microbial community structure. The activities of β‐glucosidase, urease and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in halophyte‐covered soils than in control soil. Among four halophyte‐covered soils, the highest amounts of total, bacterial, actinomycetes and fungal PLFAs were observed in Arthrocnemum soil. The concentrations of total, bacterial, actinomycetes and fungal PLFAs were also significantly higher in summer and winter seasons than in rainy season, whereas enzyme activities also vary with seasons. The non‐metric multidimensional scaling analysis PLFA profiling revealed that the structure of microbial community significantly differed in all seasons as well as between control and halophyte‐covered soils. These shifts in microbial community were due to the higher abundance of Gram‐positive, total bacterial and actinomycetes PLFAs in summer and winter seasons than in rainy season, whereas abundance of fungal biomarker was significantly higher in rainy season than in other seasons. Among halophytes, significantly higher abundance of Gram‐positive, Gram‐negative and total bacteria was observed in Arthrocnemum , Heleochloa and Suaeda whereas the lowest in control soil. Halophytes exhibited improved soil microbial activities, which is important for healthy ecosystem. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

高温低氧对菌核存活率和土壤微生物组成的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王嘉豪  洪雨欣  李聪聪  吴波明 《中国生物防治学报》2022,38(4):929-938

核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum可引起多种重要经济作物的菌核病,造成严重损失。降低土壤中菌核数量是防治该病害的关键。本研究分析了土壤类型、土壤温度、水分含量和氧气水平对核盘菌菌核萌发率的影响,并通过高通量测序分析了相应处理对土壤微生物组成及丰度的影响。研究发现湿润条件下,35℃低氧处理2~4周可导致土壤中核盘菌菌核100%死亡。测序结果表明,处理4周后土壤中微生物的群落结构发生了显著变化。其中15℃正常氧水平条件下,菌核周围木霉菌属Trichoderma的丰度显著增加,35℃正常氧水平芽孢杆菌属Bacillus和篮状菌属Talaromyces相对丰度显著提高,而低氧条件下狭义梭菌属Clostridiumsensu stricto 1、11、12丰度显著提高。这一发现为通过调控土壤微生态防控作物菌核病提供了依据。  相似文献   

INTERCROPPING TEA PLANTATIONS WITH SOYBEAN AND RAPESEED ENHANCES NITROGEN FIXATION THROUGH SHIFTS IN SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES     

Yongjia ZHONG  Lini LIANG  Ruineng XU  Hanyu XU  Lili SUN  Hong LIAO 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2022,9(3):344

● Intercropping change soil bacterial communities in tea plantations. ● Intercropping increasing nitrogen cycling in the soils of tea plantations. Intercropping with eco-friendly crops is a well-known strategy for improving agriculture sustainability with benefits throughout the soil community, though the range of crop impacts on soil microbiota and extent of feedbacks to crops remain largely unclear. This study evaluated the impacts of different intercropping systems on soil bacterial community composition, diversity, and potential functions in tea gardens. Intercropping systems were found to be significantly influenced soil microbiota. Within the three tested intercropping systems (tea-soybean, tea-rapeseed and tea-soybean-rapeseed), the tea-soybean-rapeseed intercropping system had the most dramatic influence on soil microbiota, with increases in richness accompanied by shifts in the structure of tea garden soil bacterial networks. Specifically, relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria associated with essential mineral nutrient cycling increased significantly in the tea-soybean-rapeseed intercropping system. In addition, soil microbial functions related to nutrient cycling functions were significantly enhanced. This was in accordance with increasing relative abundance of nitrogen cycling bacteria, including Burkholderia spp. and Rhodanobacter spp. Based on these results, it is proposed that intercropping tea plantation with soybean and rapeseed may benefit soil microbiota, and thereby promises to be an important strategy for improving soil health in ecologically sound tea production systems.  相似文献   

微贮秸秆和未经处理秸秆育肥肉牛对比试验     

崔建国  王祥兵 《中国牛业科学》2000,26(3):8-9

本试验利用经秸秆发酵活干菌处理的农作物秸秆和未经处理的秸秆对１６头１２月龄西杂黄牛进行育肥对比试验。结果表明：试验组牛的日增重比对照组牛日增重多０．２４４ｋｇ，提高２７．９％，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５）。  相似文献   

Gut health:The results of microbial and mucosal immune interactions in pigs     

Jie Peng  Yimei Tang  Yanhua Huang 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(2):282

There are a large number of microorganisms in the porcine intestinal tract. These microorganisms and their metabolites contribute to intestinal mucosal immunity, which is of great importance to the health of the host. The host immune system can regulate the distribution and composition of intestinal microorganisms and regulate the homeostasis of intestinal flora by secreting a variety of immune effector factors, such as mucin, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), regenerating islet-derived III (RegIII)γ, and defensin. Conversely, intestinal microorganisms can also promote the differentiation of immune cells including regulatory T cells (T_reg) and Th17 cells through their specific components or metabolites. Studies have shown that imbalances in the intestinal flora can lead to bacterial translocation and compromised intestinal barrier function, affecting the health of the body. This review focuses on the composition of the pig intestinal flora and the characteristics of intestinal mucosal immunity, discusses the interaction mechanism between the flora and intestinal mucosal immunity, as well as the regulation through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), dietary nutritional composition, probiotics and prebiotics of pig intestinal microecology. Finally, this review provides insights into the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and the mucosal immune system.  相似文献   

三种盐生植物在沿海滩涂湿地土壤中微生物数量的变化          下载免费PDF全文

李洪山  申玉香 《农业现代化研究》2011,32(2):253-256

本文研究了江苏沿海滩涂盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salaa(Linn.)Pall)、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora Loisel.)和芦苇(phrag-mites communis Trirn.)湿地以及稻田土壤微生物数量及特异功能群的变化.结果表明,稻田土壤细菌、纤维素分解菌和固氮菌的数量明显高于三种自然植被湿地土壤.三种自然植被湿地土壤中,细菌、放线菌和固氮菌数量依次为:互花米草>碱蓬>芦苇,纤维素分解菌数量依次为:芦苇>碱蓬>互花米草,土壤真菌数量差异不显著.自然湿地和稻田土壤中夏季的微生物数量均大干冬季,以土壤真菌和固氮菌数量的季节性差异最明显.  相似文献