Lipid mobilization and inflammatory responses during the transition period of dairy cows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Contreras GA  Sordillo LM 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(3):281-289

The transition period of dairy cattle is characterized by dramatic changes in metabolism and host defense mechanisms that are associated with increased disease. Intense lipid mobilization from tissue stores is an important metabolic adaptation during the transition period that results in significant release of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) into the blood stream. Whereas these fatty acids are important sources of energy during times of increased metabolic demands, elevated concentrations of NEFA are known to disrupt several immune and inflammatory functions. This review will discuss the implications of lipid mobilization on inflammatory responses with special emphasis on leukocytes and endothelial cell functions during the transition period of dairy cows.  相似文献   

高产乳牛脂肪肝性肝障碍的某些生化成分的分析     

杨震  王小龙  郁者华 《南京农业大学学报》1988,(2)

选用黑白花牛31头(健康初产和经产牛各5头,病牛21头),监测其产犊前后血清脂质、蛋白质、酶、血糖等值的动态变化。阐明初产牛患脂肪肝病的少于经产牛,因其产犊前脂肪动员量低于经产牛,同时被动员的甘油三脂(TG)与游离脂肪酸(FFA)的血清浓度呈负相关。 预产前7～10天,健康经产牛的白蛋白(Al)和白蛋白与球蛋白之比值(A/G)为50％和1左右。谷草转氨酶(GOT)和乳酸脱氢酶总酶(LDH),分别为38±6.Ou和870±67.8u。其LDH同工酶值呈LDHI>LDH_2>LDH_3>LDH_4>LDH_5,均稳定在正常范围。而疑有肝障碍病牛经治愈的17头,初诊时Al和A/G值已分别下降至29.8±7.6％和0.42±0.22,GOT和LDH值均上升,血搪(Glu)值下降,LDH_5倒置(LDH_1>LDH_2>LDH_3>LDH_4LDH_2>LDH_5>LDH_3>LDH_4％)。  相似文献   

微生物肥料在玉米上的应用研究进展     

李可可  陈腊  米国华  胡栋  隋新华  陈文新 《玉米科学》2021,29(3):111-122

从促生、生防、抗非生物胁迫的角度,总结微生物肥在玉米上应用的国内外研究进展,重点介绍不同类型微生物肥料对玉米生长、产量、子粒品质、抗病性、抗逆性及节肥潜力上的应用效果。研究表明,微生物肥料增加了玉米产量,增产幅度为1.3%～39.7%。利用微生物肥料可能减少15%～30%的化肥用量。建议针对土壤类型、气候条件以及不同玉米品种等,筛选高效的微生物肥料或菌株,优化微生物肥料生产设备工艺,并加强微生物生态适应性基础研究。  相似文献   

Activity of nitrate reductase and the content of proteins in Nicotiana rustica grown with various levels of molybdenum     

D. Saco  M. Alvarez  S. Martín 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):1149-1157

The effect that different levels of molybdenum (11 μMand 111 μM) exert on nitrate reductase (E.C. 1.6.6.1–3) activity (NRA), and the content of total proteins in Nicotiana rustica was studied. Eleven μM and 111 μM of molybdenum increased the activity of nitrate reductase during the growth cycle of N. rustica. Likewise, total protein content (mg/g DW) was increased during the vegetative growth of the plants.  相似文献   

The oxidation products formed from: Soil organic matter by hydrogen peroxide treatment     

Yasuo Harada  Akio Inoko 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):513-521

The oxidation products formed from soil organic matter during hydrogen peroxide digestion were studied by means of analyses of carbon and nitrogen, thin layer chromatography, infrared Spectroscopy, and redox titration.

The carbon remaining after hydrogen peroxide digestion, as expressed in percentage by WeIght of the original soil was 0.57 to 4.09, corresponding to 17.81 to 29.00 per cent of the carbon fOUnd in the original soil. The nitrogen remaining after the same treatment was 75 to 100 per cent of total nitrogen in the original soil. The greater part of the remaining water soluble nItrogen was NH₃-N. The thin layer chromatography showed the presence of oxalic acid and V.V. light-ahsorbing substances in the oxidation products. No organic matter other than oxalate Was indicated on the infrared spectra. The amount of water soluble oxalate formed from 100 g of soil determined by means of redox titration was 5.7 to 117.0 mmole. Assuming that the ratio of solution: soil is 5:1 at the final stage of per oxidation, the concentration of oxalate in the SUpernatant solution was in the range from 0.011 to 0.234 M.  相似文献   

Nitrogen uptake response of crops to organic nitrogen     

Makoto Yamagata  Noriharu Ae 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):389-394

Sustainability of agriculture became a major issue of global concern during this decade. Agronomic practices aimed at reducing the dependence on inputs such as chemical fertilizers can contribute to sustainability. Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting and commonly applied nutrient for crop production. The development of nutrient-responsive cultivars especially during the past three decades led to an intensive use of N fertilizers in many agricultural systems. Environmental and economic issues associated with such practices have, however, generated an interest in alternative management systems. These include practices such as exploitation of beneficial biological functions (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, etc.) and substitution of chemical fertilizers with farm-generated products.  相似文献   

果园绿肥对土壤磷组分及磷素有效性的影响     

张建伟  石孝均  徐文静  张学良  刘瑞  魏勇  赵秋  张宇亭 《水土保持学报》2021,35(6):336-342

以天津市桃园土壤为研究对象,采用Tiessen磷分级方法研究绿肥栽培并利用条件下土壤磷组分含量变化和磷素活化周转特征。试验共设3个处理：绿肥覆盖（SC）、翻压（BU）和清耕对照（CT）处理。分别于绿肥处理1,4,7年后采集0—20,20—40 cm的土壤样品,测定全磷、活性磷库（Resin—P_i和NaHCO₃—P）、中稳性磷库（NaOH—P）和稳定态磷库（Dil.HCl—P_i、Conc.HCl—P和Residual—P）含量。结果表明,与CT处理相比,SC和BU处理在各采样年份均提高了土壤全磷、Resin—P_i、NaHCO₃—P、NaOH—P和Residual—P含量,降低Dil.HCl—P_i和Conc.HCl—P含量,处理间差异性随绿肥利用年限的增加而增加;其中,各指标BU处理均优于SC处理,且0—20 cm土层变化最为明显。绿肥利用7年后,BU处理0—20 cm土壤Resin—P_i、NaHCO₃—P、NaOH—P和Residual—P含量较CT处理分别显著增加48.82%~128.41%,145.93%~231.16%,206.26%~590.06%和34.67%~37.66%,Dil.HCl—P_i和Conc.HCl—P含量分别显著降低12.37%~15.79%和43.72%~91.39%。综上,相对于清耕对照处理,果园绿肥栽培并利用可显著增加土壤活性磷库和中稳性磷库的比例,并显著降低稳定态磷库的比例;同时,随着绿肥利用年限的增加,土壤活性磷库和中稳性磷库的比例随之增加,稳定态磷库的比例随之降低。研究结果表明,果园绿肥栽培并利用可以有效促进土壤难溶性磷的活化周转,提高土壤磷素生物有效性。  相似文献   

氮素营养对小麦干物质积累与转运的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王林林  陈炜  徐莹  李红兵  邓西平 《西北农业学报》2013,22(10):85-89

在大田条件下,以冬小麦“长旱58”为供试材料,研究不同氮肥用量对小麦干物质转运、积累和分配的影响,共设5个氮水平,即N1（0 kg/hm）、N2（80 kg/hm）、N3（150 kg/hm）、N4（195 kg/hm）、N5（300 kg/hm）。结果表明：在氮肥用量为195 kg/hm的水平下,籽粒获得最高产量, N1处理产量最低。其余茎中干物质对籽粒贡献率最大,而颖壳是灌浆期干物质转运最先发生的部位。N4处理下花后干物质积累最大,而花前同化物转运率最小, N1和N2处理花前同化物对籽粒的贡献率最大,N5处理花后干物质积累小于N4,说明合理的增施氮肥可增加灌浆期光合同化物积累,从而提高产量。  相似文献   

Biochar effects on soil chemical properties and mobilization of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in paddy soil     

Feng Jing  Xiaomin Chen  Xin Wen  Wei Liu  Shimin Hu  Zhijiang Yang  Bilin Guo  Yao Luo  Qingxin Yu  Yanling Xu 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(2):320-327

This study focused on the effects of biochar (BC) application on soil chemical properties and mobilization of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the paddy soil. BC was applied at the rate of 0, 10, 20 and 40 t ha⁻¹, respectively. BC application caused a significant increase in soil organic carbon contents (SOC), pH, nitrate–nitrogen (-N),and available phosphorus contents (AP) in the top and subsurface soil, while SOC contents in the subsurface soil decreased with increasing rate of BC. BC40 effectively reduced the mobility of Cd and Pb from the top layer to the subsurface soil, while concentrations of Cd and Pb in the topsoil remained unchanged. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficient AP was highest; SOC, -N and AP had a negative direct effect on the Cd and Pb in subsurface soil. Soil pH and -N had a high negative indirect effect through AP. The decision coefficient decreased in the following order: pH, AP, SOC, -N and -N. Regression analysis showed that soil Cd and Pb had a significant linear correlation with soil AP, whereas soil Pb also had a significant linear correlation with soil pH. In conclusion, BC40 can alter soil chemical properties and reduce the mobility of Cd and Pb from the top layer to the lower subsurface of the paddy soil.  相似文献   

Equine Manual Therapies in Sport Horse Practice     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2018,34(2):375-389

  相似文献