甘肃华山松溃疡病病原真菌类群的初步鉴定     

陈文艳  姜宁  范鑫磊  郭怀林  田呈明 《西北林学院学报》2020,35(3):147-152

近年来甘肃陇南地区华山松溃疡病发生严重，导致华山松大面积死亡，但有关病害发生的原因等尚不清楚。采用组织分离法从感病华山松的健康部位、病健交界处、子实体及病组织处分离获得97个真菌菌株，结合形态学及系统学对分离到的菌株进行初步分析。结果显示，所得菌株分为9个种，其中Neocosmospora silvicola占14.17%，Fusicolla violacea占1.67%，Microcera sp.占8.33%，Neonectria neomacrospora占11.67%，Dermea pinicola占8.33%，Nematogonum ferrugineum占9.17%，Pezicula sporulosa占4.17%，Phaeoacremonium fraxinopennsylvanicum占14.17%，Sarea resinae占9.17%。以丛赤壳科为优势菌群，占总菌株数量的44.33%；初步推断Neocosmospora silvicola为疑似病原菌。  相似文献   

凤丹(Paeonia ostii)脂肪酸去饱和酶基因PoFAD_2的克隆及表达分析     

宋淑香  郭先锋  马燕  李俊杰  韩璐璐 《园艺学报》2016,43(2):347-351

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Identification and Molecular Characteristics Analysis of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Variants     

ZHANG Zhi  CHENG Xiao-na  FAN Ya-ting  DONG Ya-qin  LIU Shuang  WU Fa-xing  SHAO Wei-xing  LI Xiao-cheng 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(7):1654-1660

To ascertain a diarrhea case in a pig farm in Shandong province,the pathological changes of dead piglets were observed and nested RT-PCR test was carried out on 7 diarrhea samples for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).Pathological examination revealed that intestine was detected as enlargement,hyperemia and edema.After histological examination,the typical microscopic lesions of intestine were disappearance of epithelial cells,villus shrinkage and shortening.The result of nested RT-PCR showed that all of the 7 samples could amplify a specific target band of PEDV.Molecular characteristics of two field strains showed that they had an amino acid homology of 92.3% to 92.4% with vaccine CV777 and 96.6% to 98.6% with other previous field strains which sequences were downloaded from GenBank.Phylogenetic tree analysis further revealed that all of PEDV strains could be mainly divided into two clusters of G1 and G2. G2 consisted of the field strains of our study and other field strains from USA,China and so on,which had the same sequence characteristics of two insertions and one deletion,while G1 consisted of all vaccines of CV777 and several older field strains from China and Korea.These results indicated that our field strains were the dominant strains in recent epidemic diarrhea occurrence.Moreover,its molecular characteristics might be a characterization of differentiating the field and vaccine strains.  相似文献   

红树植物—白骨壤黑斑病病原菌的分离与鉴定     

苏会荣  何红  林巧玲  凌东海  朱拥军 《植物病理学报》2016,46(1):131-134

<正>红树林是生长在热带、亚热带海岸潮间带,可海陆两栖的特殊木本植物群落,具有防风御浪、净化环境、维护沿海湿地生物多样性等生态功能,为珍稀植物群落。有报道认为红树植物生长在海边又富含抗菌等活性物质,不利于病害发生,但近年来本实验室在广东雷州半岛等地红树林发现有多种病害发生~([1,2]),仅白骨壤(Avicennia marina)上就发现有黑茎病、灰斑病等病害。2014年我们在该区白骨壤小苗  相似文献   

茶树小分子量热激蛋白基因CsHSP17.2的克隆与表达分析     

王明乐  朱旭君  王伟东  王炫清  林明露  黎星辉 《南京农业大学学报》2015,38(3):389-394

[目的]进一步了解茶树小分子量热激蛋白基因CsHSP17.2在逆境胁迫条件下的分子生物学功能.[方法]利用RT-PCR技术从茶树‘迎霜’中克隆得到CsHSP1 7.2基因,运用生物信息学软件分析其核苷酸和编码蛋白,通过Real-timePCR分析其表达模式.[结果]该基因开放阅读框长度为453 bp,编码150个氨基酸,蛋白质相对分子质量为17.2×10a,理论等电点5.56;无信号肽位点,属于非分泌型蛋白;被定位于细胞质中.系统发育树分析表明,茶树CsHSP1 7.2与水稻(GenBank登录号:P27777)和花生(ABC41131)的进化关系较近,属于小分子量热激蛋白基因家族第Ⅰ亚族.qRT-PCR分析发现,茶树CsHSP17.2属于组成型基因;高温(38℃)处理1h能显著提高CsHSP17.2 mRNA的相对表达量(P＜0.05);干旱(100 g·L-1 PEG 6000)、高盐(200 mmol· L-1 NaCl)和外源脱落酸(200 mg· L-1 ABA)处理条件下,该基因的转录水平均出现不同程度的上调.[结论]克隆得到茶树‘迎霜’小分子量热激蛋白基因CsHSP17.2,其在花中表达量最高,且响应高温、干旱、高盐和外源脱落酸胁迫.  相似文献   

猪胆囊中沙门菌L型的分离培养与invA基因检测     

佘晓玲  王涛  丁文静  吴文娟  潘耀振  汤可立  王丹霓  王和 《动物医学进展》2015,(3):25-28

为了解猪胆囊中沙门菌L型携带情况,在贵阳市屠宰场采集970例健康生猪的胆囊组织与胆汁标本,用常规细菌学方法和非高渗分离培养法分离沙门菌及其细菌L型,用PCR和核酸序列分析方法对稳定L型纯培养物进行沙门菌的invA基因检测。结果显示,970例生猪胆囊标本未检出沙门菌细菌型,细菌L型检出率为8.25%;80例细菌L型分离物中有50例invA检测阳性,占5.15%;占细菌L型阳性分离物62.50%。研究结果为生猪胆囊沙门菌L型感染的流行病学及其检查提供了依据。  相似文献   

大豆植株分杈数自动提取算法研究     

姚远  孟金慧 《现代农业科技》2019,(11)

根据大豆植株分杈个数可以预估大豆的产量。为了满足现代农业预测农产品产量的需要,本文提出一种大豆植株分杈数自动提取算法,即首先将采集到的大豆植株图片进行灰度变换、滤波、阈值分割得到二值图像,再进行形态学中的闭运算操作得到大豆植株的轮廓,然后基于Zhang并行快速细化算法提取骨架,最后借助改进的角点检测算法对大豆植株的所有分杈点进行标记并自动统计分杈数,仿真结果与大豆植株实际分杈点一致。  相似文献   

鸡无尾性状的分子机制研究进展     

胡斯乐  陶萨如拉  王月星  王位  王艳欣  齐旺梅  张文广 《中国畜牧兽医》2018,45(1):154-161

动物的尾巴具有改变方向、控制升降、调整速度、支撑身体、防御、攻击、保温、示警、逃生和捕食等作用。鸟类的尾巴在飞行过程中起到平衡身体的关键作用，但在进化过程中尾部却出现了缩短和融合现象，如中国的瓢鸡及智利的Araucana鸡。作者简述了近年来关于鸡无尾性状的解剖学研究成果，发现无尾鸡在胚胎发育HH19期（Hamburger和Humilton标准分期）就已经出现无尾现象，而在结构上无尾鸡缺乏尾脂腺、尾羽、镰羽、尾椎骨和尾综骨。同时作者分析了导致尾部体节停止发育的分子遗传机制，包括周期性表达基因的转录调控影响尾部延伸过程、后端化因子梯度诱导尾部形成、Hox基因影响体节特化过程及基因突变有可能导致的无尾现象等，从而提出了可能导致家禽无尾性状的胚胎发育时期的关键分子及信号通路，包括Irx1和Irx2基因、Notch信号通路、Wnt信号通路、Fgf信号通路、RA信号通路等。研究鸡无尾性状的分子机制不仅可深入了解脊椎动物胚胎发育中尾部发育机制，更有利于揭示鸟类在进化过程中发生的尾部缩短及融合的机理。  相似文献   

基于S基因序列分析新型猪流行性腹泻病毒的遗传演化     

周昱行  胡承哲  周群  王何欣  董沙沙  刘娟  张丹丹  任玉鹏  张斌 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(1):109-119

最近，笔者实验室在青藏高原地区发现两种新亚型藏猪源猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV），为进一步调查新型PEDV是否在四川腹泻猪群中存在或流行，对实验室2018-2019年保存的116份猪腹泻粪便或肠组织样本进行PEDV的检测及其纤突蛋白基因（spike）分子特征研究。结果表明：腹泻样本的PEDV检出率为42.2%（49/116，95% CI=33.1%~51.8%），并获得了13条完整的S基因序列，全长为4 149~4 170 bp，序列相似性为94.2%~99.9%，其中SWUN-H3-CH-SCYA-2019的S基因与藏猪源新G1亚群PEDV的序列相似性高达97.0%~98.6%。遗传演化研究结果表明13株PEDV S基因划分为G1和G2大群，其中SWUN-H3-CH-SCYA-2019位于藏猪源新G1亚群；SWUN-19-CH-SCZY-2018、SWUN-4-CH-SCXC-2018、SWUN-1-CH-SCNJ-2019和SWUN-3CH-CH-SCZG-2019位于G2亚群中一个独立的分支，且与藏猪源新G2亚群毒株有着较近的亲缘关系。为了进一步研究13株PEDV的演化过程，以贝叶斯进化分析软件包（BEAST）进行分歧时间估算，结果表明SWUN-H3-CH-SCYA-2019的分歧时间约为2012.3年，早于藏猪源新G1亚群其余毒株的最早分歧时间（2015.7年）；SWUN-4-CH-SCXC-2018、SWUN-19-CH-SCZY-2018和SWUN-3CH-CH-SCZG-2019的分歧时间约为2014.2年，早于G2亚群的藏猪源毒株2014.7年，所有藏猪源PEDV的分歧时间均晚于四川毒株。本研究在四川地区首次发现了藏猪源PEDV，并且从毒株的分歧时间推断青藏高原的藏猪源PEDV来源于四川，为新型PEDV分子遗传进化的监测提供了依据。  相似文献   

Detection of cigarettes and other tobacco products by giant African pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus)     

《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2014,9(5):262-268

If the illicit tobacco trade were eliminated, governments could gain at least $31.3 billion a year, and more than 164,000 premature deaths a year could be avoided after 2030 (Joossens, Merriman, Ross, and Raw, 2009). Dogs have been used successfully in tobacco control programs, and there is a good chance that rats could also play an important role. In the present experiment, giant African pouched rats were trained to respond to filters that had been stored together with cigarettes (i.e., soaked) and to not respond to filters that had been soaked with noncigarette items. Generalization to untrained types of tobacco was then tested. The sensitivity of 4 rats trained on filters soaked with 1 of 7 types of cigarettes ranged from 86% to 100% (mean, 95%). There was very little evidence of generalization when the rats were tested on tobacco leaves and snuff but good evidence of generalization when the rats were tested on cigarettes that had been soaked with strong-smelling additives. These findings suggest that rats may be a valuable asset in the global effort to control illicit cigarette trade.  相似文献