Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and phosphorus uptake of mung bean plants fertilized with composted rock phosphate fed dung in alkaline soil environment     

Fazli Wahid  Muhammad Sharif  Muhammad Adnan  Imtiaz Ali Khan  Emre Aksoy 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(15):1760-1769

Abstract

Inoculation effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on phosphorus (P) transfer from composted dung of cattle with a diet supplemented with powdered rock phosphate (RP) and their successive uptake by mung bean plants was assessed in alkaline soil. The efficacy of composted RP fed dung alone or/and in combination with AMF inoculums containing six different species were compared with SSP in six replicates per treatment in pots. The results showed that the association of AMF with composted RP fed dung had a positive effect on mung bean shoot (3.04?g) and root (2.62?g) biomass, chlorophyll (a, b), carotenoid contents and N (58.38?mg plant^?1) and P (4.61?mg plant^?1) uptake. Similarly, the percent roots colonization (56%) and nodulation of mung bean plant roots and their post-harvest soil properties were also improved by the inoculation of AMF together with composted RP fed dung. It is concluded that the combined application of AMF with composted RP fed dung has almost the same effect as SSP for improving mung bean plants growth and their nutrients uptake. Moreover, AMF inoculants can be used as a suitable biofertilizer in combination with locally available organic sources of fertilizers for improving P status and growth of plants in alkaline soils.  相似文献   

基于机器视觉的红掌检测分级方法     

李恺  杨艳丽  刘凯  辜松  张青  赵亮 《农业工程学报》2013,29(24):196-203

中国盆花销售量随着消费水平的提高而迅速攀升,四大盆花之一的红掌在规模化生产中存在分级标准掌控不统一、分级结果不稳定以及效率低下等问题,制约了红掌产品的规模化生产,影响了红掌的出品质量。该研究提出基于机器视觉技术的红掌分级检测方法,对90株红掌的水平和竖直方向图像采集,经过二值化等处理,从侧视轮廓、俯视轮廓及佛焰苞轮廓特征三方面获取红掌植株的高度、冠幅、佛焰苞片数、苞片横径4项指标的信息, 针对每一项指标提出检测方法。试验结果表明,该方法对植株高度测量误差小于5.4 mm;针对植株冠幅提出了当量直径测量方法,佛焰苞片数测量正确率可达98.9%,苞片横径相对误差最大为6.52%。针对试验所选90盆红掌分级成功率达到97.8%。研究表明,利用机器视觉技术能够很好地实现对红掌盆花的在线检测分级。  相似文献   

Effect of nutrient solution salinity and ionic concentration on parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) essential oil yield and content     

Juan Eugenio Álvaro  María Teresa Lao  Mourad Baghour  Moumen Abdelmajid 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(8):1057-1062

The growth and essential oil (EO) production of parsley were evaluated in response to salinity and nutrient solution concentrations in a soilless culture. Parsley plants that were 60 days old were potted in a coconut fiber and peat moss medium and were treated with four different nutrient solutions, including T1, T2, T3 and T4. The T1 nutrient solution was the standard, the T2 and T3 solutions contained incremental macronutrient concentrations with an electrical conductivity (EC) of up to 2.2 and 3.2 dS m^?1, respectively, and the T4 solution was the same as T2 but with sodium chloride (NaCl) and an incremental macronutrient concentration with an EC of 3.2 dS m^?1. Next, these plants were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse with natural daylight in Nador, Morocco. Shoot and root growth significant decreased with increasing EC. However, the salinity that resulted from the addition of NaCl did not affect plant growth in the nutrient solutions. The optimum obtained growth and EO production were 1.2 and 2.2 dS m^?1, respectively. Consequently, the optimum EC value (based on the EO production) of parsley in the soilless culture was 1.2–2.2 dS m^?1.  相似文献   

The effect of NPK fertilizer with different nitrogen solubility on growth,nutrient uptake and use by chrysanthemum     

L. Kaplan  P. Tlustoš  J. Szakova  J. Najmanova  K. Brendova 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(7):993-1000

The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizer with different nitrogen forms on N, P, K use, uptake and growth of potted chrysanthemum plants during three vegetation phases was observed in two - years experiment. In the experiment, NPK fertilizer with slow soluble nutrients with different nitrogen forms: ureaform, (IBDU) isobutyledenediurea and melamin, was used. At control treatment the identical fertilizer was applied but the nitrogen was in ammonia and urea forms as usually used in horticulture. The experiment clearly showed the positive effect of NPK fertilizer containing half nitrogen amount in ureaform, on growth and plant nutrient uptake. This effect of nitrogen ureaform was confirmed by both the highest uptake of N, P, K and the highest yield of biomass. The NPK fertilizer with half nitrogen content in ureaform ensured optimal nutrient release according chrysanthemum nutrient requirement.  相似文献   

辽宁地区两种菊科入侵植物与本地植物光合特性比较     

魏子上  陈新微  杨殿林  皇甫超河 《中国生态农业学报》2017,25(7):975-982

为明确外来植物生理生态学性状及其与其强入侵性的关系,本研究采用野外原位气体交换参数测定的方法,分析了菊科入侵植物豚草、三裂叶豚草与其共生本地植物紫菀光合特性和叶片性状的差异。结果表明,豚草、三裂叶豚草、紫菀3种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均高于800μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),且两种入侵植物的LSP显著高于紫菀,表观量子效率(AQY)则显著低于紫菀;3种植物的最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))大小顺序为豚草三裂叶豚草紫菀,其中,豚草和三裂叶豚草的P_(nmax)分别比紫菀高出151.28%、82.80%,且差异显著。两种入侵植物的比叶面积(SLA)、叶片的单位质量氮含量(N_(mass))、叶片单位质量磷含量(P_(mass))、光合能量利用效率(PEUE)、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)均显著高于紫菀,但3者叶片单位质量建成成本(CC_(_(mass)))差异不显著。综上所述,辽宁的两种菊科入侵植物相对于本地共生种来说有着较高的气体交换参数和叶片特性指标,且其光合特性和叶片特性也存在着密切的联系,表现在这些菊科入侵植物有着更高的P_(nmax)、PNUE、PEUE和水分利用效率(WUE)等光合特性指标和能量利用指标,使得入侵植物能够更有效地捕获和利用环境资源,成为其得以成功入侵的原因之一。  相似文献   

三峡库区紫色土坡耕地草本地埂植物根系分布及抗拉力学特征   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

周萍  文安邦  严冬春  史忠林  龙翼 《水土保持通报》2017,37(3):1-6,14

[目的]探究三峡库区紫色土坡耕地3种草本地埂植物根系分布及抗拉特征,为揭示地埂植物根系固结地埂提供理论依据和数据支持。[方法]以三峡库区自然恢复的蓑草、人工种植的韭菜和蚕豆这3种草本地埂植物根系为研究对象,对比分析其根系在不同地埂土壤深度的分布规律及根系抗拉特性。[结果](1)在0—40cm深度土壤中3种草本地埂植物根系直径变化表现出:蚕豆根系韭菜根系蓑草根系。3种草本地埂植物根系直径与地埂土壤的土层深度间服从指数函数关系。(2)在0—40cm地埂土层深度范围内,韭菜根系生物量与蓑草根系和蚕豆根系生物量之间存在显著性差异(p0.05),韭菜和蚕豆地埂植物根系生物量随土层深度的增加而逐渐减小,蓑草地埂植物根系生物量随土层深度的增加先增加后减小。(3)3种草本地埂植物根系的单根平均抗拉力次序为蚕豆根系(10.53N)蓑草根系(6.03N)韭菜根系(4.51N),3种地埂植物根系单根抗拉力与根径呈幂函数关系(p0.05)。3种地埂植物根系的抗拉强度表现为蓑草根系(45.91 MPa)蚕豆根系(18.02MPa)韭菜根系(12.20 MPa)。(4)3种草本地埂植物根系黏聚力变化顺序为:蓑草根系(0.013 1kPa)蚕豆根系(0.009 4kPa)韭菜根系(0.005 5kPa)且3种地埂植物根系黏聚力与土层深度呈指数函数关系(p0.01)。[结论]自然恢复的蓑草地埂在三峡库区较其他两种人工种植的地埂植物有更好的固结地埂效果,从而有效控制坡面土壤侵蚀和水土流失。草本植物固结地埂可为三峡库区坡耕地治理提供新思路。  相似文献   

高光谱成像技术在茶叶中的应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘飞  李春华  龚雪蛟  刘东娜  王云 《核农学报》2016,(7):1386-1394

高光谱成像技术是一种融合了图像和光谱的检测技术,能同时获取待测物体的空间信息和光谱信息,因此该技术既可以直观反映研究对象外观纹理特征,又可以像光谱信息一样间接反映物体内部物理结构和品质成分特性。茶叶含有多种对人体有益的功能成分,具有较高的开发和实用价值。本文简述了高光谱成像技术的检测原理,分类综述了该技术在茶叶栽培管理、病虫害监测、生产加工、等级划分等方面的应用及不足,并提出了相应的解决措施,同时对其在茶叶领域的发展进行了展望,以期为促进茶叶精细化发展提供参考。  相似文献   

中亚热带丘陵区茶园和林地土壤春季2排放及其影响因素     

何志龙  周维  田亚男  Muhammad Shaaban  林杉 《农业环境与发展》2016,(6):1210-1217

中亚热带地区春季降雨频繁,茶园施肥量大,该季节茶园土壤氧化亚氮（N2O）排放量较高,研究春季茶园土壤N2O排放及其影响因子有一定意义。以中亚热带丘陵区土壤为对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究了两种植茶年限茶园和林地土壤春季N2O排放特征及其影响因子。结果表明：茶园N2O排放量明显高于林地,50年茶园N2O排放量明显高于20年茶园,林地N2O的排放量最少;50年茶园、20年茶园和林地土壤春季N2O累积排放量分别为2.07、1.39、0.22 kg·hm-2。两种植茶年限茶园土壤N2O排放通量均与土壤NO-3-N含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,林地土壤N2O排放通量则与土壤NH+4-N含量呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）;茶园和林地土壤N2O排放通量均与5 d累积降雨量之间存在显著的相关性。多元逐步回归分析显示,茶园土壤N2O排放通量受土壤温度和NO-3-N含量影响,共同解释其48%~49%的变化;林地土壤N2O排放通量受土壤温度和NH+4-N含量影响,共同解释其55%的变化。这项研究显示施肥对春季茶园N2O排放的促进作用与降雨有关。  相似文献   

Landscape,Soil, and Plant Analysis of Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) Invasion in the Piedmont Region,SC     

Elena A. Mikhailova  Donald Hagan  Julia Sharp  Brian Ritter  Roxanne Stiglitz  Veeander Mealing 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(9):1068-1077

Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum), an exotic invasive plant, is native to Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition of Japanese stiltgrass as well as soil and landscape characteristics that correlate with invasion of Japanese stiltgrass around Lake Issaqueena in the upper Piedmont of South Carolina. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) were used to determine the spatial pattern of invasion with respect to the aspect, slope, canopy cover, soils, and distance to roads and trails. Japanese stiltgrass was distributed on both sides of Lake Issaqueena in Pacolet and Madison soil map units (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) on the average slopes of 21%, but it was particularly common on the eastern shore of the lake in low-lying wet and shaded areas (mean canopy cover 51%). In addition, invasion by Japanese stiltgrass was correlated with the proximity to roads and trails. Plant tissue analysis revealed many differences in the distribution of macronutrients, macrominerals, and micronutrients in the leaves, stems, and roots of Japanese stiltgrass, although those differences were not always statistically significant. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca) were the highest in leaves while zinc (Zn) concentrations were the highest in stems and concentrations of magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and sodium (Na) tended to be higher in roots. Carbon (C), sulfur (S), and potassium (K) concentrations were generally higher in above-ground tissues versus roots. Soil chemical analysis revealed no statistical differences between control and invaded plots. Our findings suggest that watershed areas surrounding lakes may be particularly susceptible to the invasion of Japanese stiltgrass due to their microclimates, low-lying wet pathways for seed distribution and recreational uses.  相似文献   

山西土石山区3种草本植物根拉拨特性     

张超波  周霞  李东嵘  蒋静  魏杨 《水土保持研究》2019,26(3):300-304

为了解山西省土石山区固土护坡草本植物根系拉拔特性,筛选拉拔力优势草本植物物种进行水土流失防治,通过开展根系原位拉拔力学试验,研究了3种典型草本植物香根草（Vetiveria zizanioides L.）、百喜草（Paspalum notatum Flugge）、黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）根系拉拔力随根径和土层深度的变化规律。结果显示:3种草本植物根系拉拔力随着根径的增大而增加,且拉拔力与根径之间满足幂函数关系;整体上,根系拉拔力从大到小顺序表现为香根草 > 黑麦草 > 百喜草,而且三者之间差异显著;但在D≤0.4 mm和D>0.4 mm两个根径组下,黑麦草均表现出较好的拉拔力性能。在0—10 cm,10—20 cm两个土层间,香根草和百喜草两种植物根系拉拔力性能相似,而黑麦草单根拉拔力在表层土壤发挥效果优于下层土壤。从单根拉拔力方面出发,黑麦草在3种植物中可优先考虑用于固持浅表层土壤。试验探究了草本植物单根在不同根径组下和土层深度下的抗拔性能,研究结果可为山西省土石山区水土保持植物措施草本植物物种选择提供理论依据。  相似文献