贵州十大名茶挥发性成分的分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余正文  乙引  戴黔阳 《贵州农业科学》2007,35(1):21-23

乙醚超声提取贵州十大名茶的挥发性成分,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发性成分进行分析结果表明,贵州十大名茶的挥发性成分的种类及含量差异较大,在各种茶叶的挥发性成分中,醇类及酯物质的含量较高。  相似文献   

115份贵州茶树资源氨基酸和茶氨酸分析与特异资源筛选     

杨春  乔大河  郭燕  梁思慧  林开勤  陈正武 《浙江农业学报》2022,34(7):1351-1360

为筛选高氨基酸和高茶氨酸茶树资源,探明贵州茶树资源氨基酸和茶氨酸特性,本研究分别利用分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定115份贵州地方茶树资源春季一芽二叶生化样的氨基酸总量和茶氨酸含量。结果表明：115份茶树资源的氨基酸总量在0.95%～7.96%,平均值为3.40%;茶氨酸含量在0～3.80%,平均值为1.58%;茶氨酸占比在0～67.66%,且集中分布于40%～<60%。在这115份茶树资源中,发现特异高氨基酸(氨基酸总量≥5%)茶树资源11份、特异高茶氨酸(茶氨酸含量≥3%)茶树资源3份。不同地方的茶树资源,其氨基酸总量和茶氨酸含量存在较大差异,其中,贵定、黎平和石阡的茶树资源表现出较高的氨基酸总量和茶氨酸含量,而三都和普安的茶树资源氨基酸总量和茶氨酸含量显著(P<0.05)低于其他地方。来自三都的突肋茶(Camellia costata)资源表现出更原始的生化性状,均未检测出茶氨酸。聚类分析结果显示,115份茶树资源可分为5类,其中,石苔14号以远高于其他资源的氨基酸总量和茶氨酸含量单独分为一类。  相似文献   

采摘花芽对春茶产量与品质的影响     

邹振浩  孙业良  赵玉宝  李鑫  张丽平  张兰  董春旺  付建玉  韩文炎  颜鹏 《浙江农业学报》2022,34(7):1369-1376

茶树是以收获叶片为主的经济作物。生产上,茶树旺盛的生殖生长会消耗大量营养,影响茶叶的产量和品质。通过比较有无花芽和采摘花芽对春茶产量和品质的影响,为茶园管理提供理论依据和指导。以中茶108为材料,试验设3个处理：T1为有花芽未采摘,T2为采摘花芽,T3为无花芽。在春茶期,分别于3月15日、3月18日、3月22日和3月25日进行采样,测定产量和品质。结果表明,开花会显著降低春茶产量,与有花芽的T1相比,T3处理前3次采摘分别增加了114.3%、55.1%和76.5%。可采摘芽头数量也呈现相同的趋势,与T1相比,T3处理各个时期鲜叶芽头数分别增加了100%、55%、31.6%和9.9%。T2摘花处理也能够显著提高可采摘芽头数量。茶树开花与采摘花芽处理对春茶期间茶叶百芽重的影响主要表现在第1次采摘时,T1处理百芽重最低,T3处理的百芽重最高,达到3.1 g。对茶叶品质成分进行研究发现,无花芽的T3处理鲜叶氨基酸和茶多酚含量均显著高于有花芽的T1处理;与T1处理相比,摘去花芽后T2处理的鲜叶氨基酸和茶多酚含量均有不同程度增加。不同处理间鲜叶养分含量存在一定的差异,并且主要体现在磷(P)、钾(K...  相似文献   

榆林市风沙区水土保持植物配置模式初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

夏静芳  王玉杰  殷丽强  范军波  刘敏 《中国水土保持科学》2011,9(4):60-65

榆林市风沙区是我国西北黄土高原地区水土流失最为严重的地区之一,合理配置水土保持植物措施,可有效降低风沙危害、减少入黄泥沙、改善生态环境。根据该区立地条件类型的划分,以小叶杨、沙柳、沙棘、柠条、爬地柏等乔灌木为主,提出4种水土保持植物配置模式:1)对于平缓沙丘及丘间低地,采用迎风坡前方下部种植灌木或每隔1个沙丘进行乔灌混交的种植模式;2)对盖沙土梁峁坡及沟坡,采用在沟坡配置灌木纯林,梁峁坡为乔灌混交的模式;3)沟谷地川滩地地势平坦,坡度较小,以农田防护林带建设为主;4)盐碱土河滩地主要选择耐盐渍的树种和草种,与河水主流方向成30°～45°交角栽植林带,采取行间混交或带状混交。这些水土保持植物配置模式可为同类地区的水土保持植被建设提供借鉴。  相似文献   

苕溪流域茶园不同种植模式下地表径流氮磷流失特征   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6  

刘宗岸  杨京平  杨正超  邹俊良 《水土保持学报》2012,26(2):29-32,44

为探讨苕溪流域不同种植模式下茶园地表径流氮磷养分流失特征,于2010年5-10月对等高种植和顺坡种植2种种植模式下茶园地表径流水样进行取样测定,分析径流水样中的氮磷元素各指标的含量、形态特征及其随时间的变化规律。结果表明:无论是顺坡种植还是等高种植,茶园径流中氮素各指标含量的峰值均出现在6月底或7月初,茶园径流中磷素各指标含量的峰值出现在6月底、7月初或9月初。在整个监测时期内,等高种植茶园径流中总氮、硝氮、铵氮含量分别比顺坡种植茶园低8.54%～43.01%,4.05%～46.70%,5.92%～33.19%,但2种种植模式间不存在显著差异;等高种植茶园径流水中总磷、可溶态总磷、颗粒态磷的含量分别比顺坡种植低8.51%～31.07%,0.39%～17.91%,8.45%～36.86%,2种种植模式之间径流水中总磷、颗粒态磷含量存在极显著差异,可溶态磷含量不存在显著差异。无论是顺坡种植还是等高种植,硝态氮均为茶园氮素地表径流流失的主要形态,颗粒态磷则是茶园磷素地表径流流失的主要形态。总的来说,等高种植模式能有效地截留茶园氮磷营养元素,防止其随地表径流流失。  相似文献   

鸡粪改良对铜尾矿基质中无机氮组分及3种豆科植物生长发育的影响     

张宏  沈章军  阳贵德  安宗胜  孙庆业 《农业环境保护》2011,(11):2285-2293

基质改良和耐性物种选择是重金属矿业废弃地生态修复的关键。本文通过室内盆栽试验,以4kg尾矿为植物盆栽基质,分别加入腐熟鸡粪0、8、16、32g混匀,记作MA0（CK）、MA8、MA16、MA32处理方式,研究不同比例腐熟鸡粪改良对铜尾矿基质中无机氮组分及3种豆科植物决明（Cassia tora）、田菁（Sesbania cannabina）、菽麻（Crotalaria juncea）生长发育的影响。结果表明,添加鸡粪改良处理后,3种豆科植物生长的尾矿基质中均以硝态氮为有效氮的主要形态,总无机氮含量为17.96～44.82mg·kg-1。其中菽麻MA32处理组尾矿基质中铵态氮含量（5.31mg·kg-1）最高,菽麻MA16处理组尾矿基质中硝态氮含量（43.06mg·kg-1）和总无机氮含量（44.82mg·kg-1）最高。MA16处理时,田菁和菽麻叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a＋b值均表现最大。3种豆科植物叶绿素a/b为0.92～1.08。在同一鸡粪比例处理中,菽麻叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a＋b值均显著高于决明和田菁（P〈0.05）。鸡粪改良铜尾矿基质能够促进3种豆科植物生长,植物株高、冠幅、根长均增加,并且随着生长期延长,增加明显。其中MA32处理菽麻70d株高（94.40cm）最大,阻止尾矿风蚀水蚀的效果最好。综合分析表明,MA16处理方式可作为鸡粪改良铜尾矿基质理想的比例模式,菽麻可作为铜尾矿生态修复优选植物种。  相似文献   

园林植物模型在Quest3D中的应用研究     

刘蓓蓓  赵晓春  张永帅  仇锦绣  唐特 《计算机与农业》2011,(1):13-16

随着计算机软硬件水平的提高和可视化技术的不断发展更新,虚拟现实技术在园林中应用的领域越来越广,对园林设计的影响也越来越大。作为主流的虚拟现实软件,Quest3D在园林表现中越来越多地被应用,而园林植物对园林设计效果的表现起着重要的作用。对园林植物模型在Quest3D中的应用提出了优化的方法,以改进和完善基于Quest3D的园林虚拟漫游系统的表现效果。  相似文献   

Carbon isotopic ratios of wetland and terrace soil sequences in the Maya Lowlands of Belize and Guatemala     

Timothy Beach  Sheryl Luzzadder-Beach  Richard Terry  Nicholas Dunning  Stephen Houston  Thomas Garrison 《CATENA》2011

This article provides new data and synthesizes earlier findings on the carbon isotope ratios of the humin part of soil organic matter from a range of sites in the central Maya Lowlands. Changes down the soil profile in carbon isotope ratios can provide an important line of evidence for vegetation change and erosion over time, especially in well dated aggrading profiles. Research thus far has provided substantial evidence for significant inputs from C₄ vegetation in buried layers from the Ancient Maya periods in depositional soils but equivocal evidence from sloping soils. We present new findings from soil profiles through ancient Maya wetland fields, upland karst wetlands, ancient Maya aguadas (reservoirs), and ancient Maya terraces. Most of the profiles exhibited δ¹³C enrichment greater than the 2.5–3‰ typical from bacterial fractionation. Seven of nine ancient Maya wetland profiles showed δ¹³C enrichment ranging from 4.25 to 8.56‰ in ancient Maya-dated sediments that also contained phytolith and pollen evidence of grass (C₄ species) dominance. Upland karst sinks and ancient reservoirs produced more modest results for δ¹³C enrichment. These seasonal wetland profiles exhibited δ¹³C enrichment ranging from 1 to 7.3‰ from the surface to ancient Maya-period sediments. Agricultural terraces produced mixed results, with two terraces having substantial δ¹³C enrichment of 5.34 and 5.66‰ and two producing only equivocal results of 1.88 and 3.03‰ from modern topsoils to Maya Classic-period buried soils. Altogether, these findings indicate that C₄ plants made up c. 25% of the vegetation at our sites in the Maya Classic period and only a few percent today. These findings advance the small corpus of studies from ancient terraces, karst sinks, and ancient wetland fields by demonstrating substantial δ¹³C and thus C₄ plant enrichment in soil profile sections dated to ancient Maya times. These studies are also providing a new line of evidence about local and regional soil and ecological change in this region of widespread environmental change in the Late Holocene.  相似文献   

四川盆地西部漂洗土壤区水体铁元素的分布特征     

袁大刚  谭海燕  杨大东  吴德勇 《农业环境保护》2011,(6):1108-1113

铁是水质监测的重要指标。为了弄清四川盆地西部漂洗土壤区不同水环境中铁的形态和含量、浅层潜水的季节动态及其形成原因,为该区土、水资源合理利用提供一定参考,于不同时期在四川省名山县漂洗土壤区采集潜水、池塘水、稻田和茶园沟渠地表水、土壤孔隙水及相应的土壤样品,分析了其铁的形态和含量及相应的理化性质。结果表明,从潜水和土壤孔隙水来看,潜水总铁和亚铁含量（分别为0.30、0.08mg·L^-1）均为最低,稻田孔隙水总铁和亚铁含量（分别为2.92、1.13mg·L^-1）均为最高,茶园孔隙水总铁和亚铁含量（3a生以下茶园分别为1.25、0.92mg·L^-1,6a生以上茶园分别为2.66、0.65mg·L^-1）居中;就稻田和茶园的土壤孔隙水与沟渠地表水比较而言,孔隙水总铁和亚铁含量总体上高于沟渠地表水相应的总铁和亚铁含量;潜水总铁和亚铁含量分别变动在0~0.86mg·L^-1和0~0.36mg·L^-1之间,其季节动态在不同区域间存在一定差异,与其所处地形部位及地表径流条件、离居民房屋和畜禽圈舍远近、土壤pH、有机质和铁元素的形态和含量、土地利用方式及作物种植年限、天气状况及水井自身氧化还原电位等条件有关。  相似文献   

MODELING GROWTH AND ION CONCENTRATION OF LILIUM IN RESPONSE TO NITROGEN:POTASSIUM:CALCIUM MIXTURE SOLUTIONS     

Magda Marin  Luis A. Valdez-Aguilar  Ana Maria Castillo-Gonzalez  Joel Pineda-Pineda  Juan J. Galván Luna 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(1):12-26

Nutrient solution composition plays an important role in root uptake rate due to interactions among nutrients and internal regulation. Studies to determine the optimum nutrient solution concentration are focused on individual ions, ignoring the adaptation mechanisms triggered by plants when growing in a varying external nutrient concentration. The objective of the present study was to determine the response in growth and tissue ion concentration of lilium cv. ‘Navona’ to nutrient mixtures of varying proportions of nitrogen (N), potassium (K⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺) in solution using mixture experiments methodology in order to determine the optimum concentration. Bulbs of lilium were transplanted in plastic crates and drip-irrigated with the treatment solutions, which consisted of a mixture of N, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ whose total concentration was 340 mg L^?1 and minimum concentrations of each ion was 34 mg L^?1. Chlorophyll concentration (SPAD), shoot fresh weight (FW), leaf FW, and leaf area were measured 60 days after transplanting and ion analysis was performed on shoot tissues from selected treatments. Lilium exhibited a moderate demand for N and K⁺ (136–170 mg L^?1 N and 116–136 mg L^?1 K⁺) and a very low demand for Ca²⁺ (34–88 mg · L^?1). This low demand may be due to the remobilization of the nutrients stored in the bulbs. Integrating the predictions of the models estimated to produce >90% of maximum growth, the optimum nutrient solution should contain Ca²⁺ at a concentration between 34 and 126 mg · L^?1, K⁺ between 119 and 211 mg · L^?1, and N between 92 mg · L^?1 and 211 mg · L^?1. Increasing external N concentration affected internal N concentration but not internal K⁺ or Ca²⁺ concentrations, despite that the increase in external N was associated with a decrease in external K⁺ and Ca²⁺. Similar trends were observed for external K⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentration. In conclusion, lilium was able to maintain a relatively constant K⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentration regardless of the lower concentration in the nutrient solution when N was increased (similar response was observed for K⁺ and Ca²⁺) and it has a low Ca²⁺ demand and moderate N and K⁺ supply.  相似文献