岷江干旱河谷主要灌木种群生态位研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

冶民生  关文彬  吴斌  马克明  刘国华  汪西林 《北京林业大学学报》2006,28(1):7-13

利用Levins生态位宽度指数和Schoener生态位重叠指数分析了岷江干旱河谷20种主要灌木种群在土壤水分、全N、速效P、速效K和pH 5个资源维上的生态位宽度和生态位重叠特征.结果表明:小花滇紫草、三花莸、白刺花、多花胡枝子、马鞍羊蹄甲具有较大生态位宽度,对环境有较强的适应能力,在维持岷江干旱河谷群落的物种多样性和相对稳定性中发挥重要作用;种群在各个资源维上的宽度值不同,说明对不同的资源利用能力不尽相同,在不同资源空间中的生态适应性亦不同.各个资源维上所有种群生态位宽度和的大小依次为pH全N土壤水分速效K速效P.由此看出,物种对速效P和速效K的利用能力低于对土壤水分的利用;同属种群间的重叠值较低.具有较高生态位宽度的物种一般具有较高的生态位重叠,但并非生态位宽度小的物种其重叠值也就小.灌木种群生态位的研究可用于指导岷江干旱河谷植被的保护和恢复.   相似文献   

黄河三角洲湿地两岸植被特征分析     

梁玉  刘月良  房用  于海龄  王月海  单凯 《东北林业大学学报》2009,37(10)

为了研究黄河两岸植被的差异性,更好的了解黄河三角洲湿地的植被资源,在黄河两岸分别选取较为典型的地区,采用样方法进行调查.研究发现:黄河北岸的物种多样性略高于南岸.根据重要值、生态位宽度以及生态位重叠几个指标的计算,可以看出芦苇在两岸的群落中占有重要的地位,为两岸调查区域内的群落主要构建种.黄河北岸的植被主要以盐生植被为主,由于在黄河南岸实施恢复工程,南岸的植被中则出现了香蒲等物种,代表了黄河三角洲湿地植被演替的一个方向.  相似文献   

释放捕食螨对温室番茄上烟粉虱数量的影响     

程成  江俊起  夏晓飞  吴瑛  李桂亭 《安徽农业大学学报》2014,41(4):685

田间系统调查结果表明,棚室番茄植株上主要害虫为烟粉虱和蚜虫;巴氏钝绥螨和胡瓜钝绥螨均对烟粉虱虫口密度具有一定的抑制作用,其控害持效期50 d左右。2种捕食螨、2个释放密度对烟粉虱的控害效果无显著性差异,但巴氏钝绥螨控害作用略强于胡瓜钝绥螨。烟粉虱种群时间生态位宽度值为捕食螨释放区大于空白对照区,化防区最低,其值仅为0.5818;表明化防区目标害虫虫口数量在时间系列上分布的不均匀性,种群波动幅度较大,有暴发成灾的可能;而生防区害虫种群变化较稳定,不易成灾。烟粉虱种群空间生态位宽度在各处理区间无显著差异。  相似文献   

小陇山国家自然保护区毛栗群落生态位及空间分布格局研究     

王振乾  巨天珍  刘洋洋  傅晨玲  任艺彬  高凤如  张宋智 《湖北农业科学》2017,56(10)

在野外调查的基础上,对小陇山国家自然保护区内毛栗(Castanea mollissima Bl.)群落中主要种群的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Levins生态位宽度、生态位重叠及空间分布格局各项指标进行了分析。结果表明,毛栗的生态位宽度最大,为0.81,枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC.)的生态位宽度值最小,为0.50;毛栗与其他种的生态位重叠值在0.33~0.72。毛栗的生态位重叠值比较大,群落中由于利用相同资源位而产生的竞争相对较大。6个样地中毛栗群落的分布格局均表现为聚集分布,样地3中的毛栗群落聚集强度最低,样地4中的毛栗群落聚集强度最高。  相似文献   

桂西南喀斯特山地木本植物群落种间关系及CCA排序   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

马丰丰  潘高  李锡泉  韩云娟 《北京林业大学学报》2017,39(6):32-44

基于桂西南喀斯特山地木本植物群落11个样方(20 m×20 m)取样调查,运用生态位理论、种间关系原理、双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法,探讨主要木本植物间的种间联结性和相关性及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:桂西南喀斯特山地木本植物群落中麻栎、枫香、蚬木占优势地位,罗伞树-鹅掌柴、九节-琴叶榕、澄广花-鱼骨木的生态位重叠度分别在3种木本植物群落中最大。麻栎次生林群落总体种间关系表现为不显著正关联,χ2检验统计显示正关联种对数有50对,负关联种对数有52对,无关联种对数有3对,正负关联比为0.96,检验显著率为6.67%。枫香次生林群落总体种间关系表现为不显著负关联,χ2检验统计显示正关联种对数有96对,负关联种对数有113对,无关联种对数有1对,正负关联比为0.85,检验显著率为8.10%。蚬木次生林群落总体种间关系表现为显著正关联,正关联种对数有19对,负关联种对数有17对,正负关联比为1.12,检验显著率为8.33%。CCA前瞻选择显示土壤pH值、全磷、坡向、土壤全钾、海拔是影响桂西南喀斯特山地木本植物群落物种组成与分布最重要的因子,总体上可以对76.95%的环境因子进行解释。物种间的正联结性越显著,其生态位重叠程度越高,反之,物种间的负联结性越显著,其生态位重叠程度则越低。   相似文献   

物种分布模型理论研究进展     

李国庆  刘长成  刘玉国  杨军  张新时  郭柯 《勤云标准版测试》2013,33(16):4827-4835

利用物种分布模型估计物种的真实和潜在分布区,已成为区域生态学与生物地理学中非常活跃的研究领域。然而,到目前为止,这项技术的理论基础仍然存在不足之处,一些关键的生态过程未能被有效纳入到物种分布模型的理论框架中,从而为解释物种分布模型预测的结果带来了诸多困惑。鉴于此, 总结了物种分布模型的理论基础;系统探讨了物种分布模型与物种分布区的关系;特别指出了物种分布模型研究中存在的理论问题;重点阐述了物种分布模型未来的发展方向。研究认为,物种分布模型与生态位理论、源-库理论、种群动态理论、集合种群理论、进化理论等具有重要的联系;正确理解物种分布模型的预测结果与物种分布区的关系,有赖于对影响物种分布的3个主要因素(环境条件、物种相互作用与物种迁移能力)做出定量的分离;目前物种分布模型主要存在的问题是未能将物种的相互作用和物种的迁移能力有效纳入到模型的构建过程中;未来物种分布模型的发展应该加强模型背后理论框架的研究,并进一步加强整合物种相互作用过程、种群动态过程、迁移过程和物种进化过程等内容。研究还认为,从更高的理论层次模拟功能群和群落结构将是未来物种分布模型的重要发展方向。  相似文献   

Recent Advances in the Enhancement of Agroecosystem Services and Functioning by Cotton-based Intercropping Systems     

Li Xiaofei  Han Yingchun  Wang Guoping  Wang Zhanbiao  Feng Lu  Yang Beifang  Fan Zhengyi  Lei Yaping  Xiong Shiwu  Xing Fangfang  Li Yabing 《棉花学报》2013,32(5):472-482

Cotton-based intercropping systems are one of modern agriculture farming systems aiming at improving overall economic profitability of cotton field, which not only release the competition for land between other crops and cotton and increase growing area and yield of both crops, but also represent a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and biodiversity conservation. Recently, cotton-based intercropping systems have been widely focused and applied. Here, we reviewed the potential of cotton-based intercropping systems to reinforce agroecosystem services and functioning, including promoted plant biodiversity, improved overall productivity and economic profits, increased light use efficiency, improved cotton quality, reduced pest and disease occurrence, and suppressed weed growth. Further, the underlying mechanisms behind the enhancement of agroecosystem services and functioning by cotton-based intercropping systems through niche complementarity, interspecific facilitation, and allelopathy between intercropped species were summarized in the paper. Finally, the research prospects were also pointed out.  相似文献   

白羊草灌丛草地种群生态位的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许庆方董宽虎  魏来翠张瑞红柴娅红  杜新平韩河平 《四川草原》2006,(2):1-5

运用以Shannon-Wieren指数为基础的生态位宽度计测公式和Pianka的生态位重叠计测公式,在土壤水分、土壤pH值、土壤全氮含量3个资源维上研究白羊草灌丛草地主要植物种群生态位宽度和生态位重叠关系。建群种白羊草的平均生态位最高,为0．905;达乌里胡枝子的生态位宽度仅次于白羊草。表明白羊草、达乌里胡枝子具有最强的耐受北方寒冷干燥及家畜放牧利用的能力。白羊草在3个资源维上同其他种群的生态住重叠值都较高,表明其在群落中具有较强的占据资源优势能力。因此,在对退化白羊草灌丛草地植被恢复时,白羊草和达乌里胡枝子是首选草种。  相似文献   

衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地自然恢复灌丛阶段植物群落主要种群生态位特征     

陈璟 《勤云标准版测试》2009,29(23)

通过对衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地自然恢复灌丛阶段植物群落生态位特征进行研究，结果表明：（1）大部分种群水平生态位宽度不宽，只有3个种群宽度大于0.5以上；（2）垂直生态位也较窄，各种群垂直生态位多集中于0.1-0.3之间，占84.5%，表明对垂直空间利用不充分；（3）虽然各种群之间的生态位重叠值均非常小，但有78.00%的种对间存在水平生态位重叠，表明各种对间对资源的共享趋势较为明显，各种群对资源分享的程度很高；（4）所有的种对均存在垂直生态位重叠，表明各种对资源的分享程度极为剧烈；（5）各种对水平生态位相似性比例较低，而高度生态位相似性比例则较高，说明各种群对以光为主导因子的高度资源要求相似。  相似文献   

Spatial niche variability for young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) in heterogeneous streams     

J. Heggenes  J. L. Baglinière  R. A. Cunjak 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1999,8(1):1-21

Abstract– Habitat is important in determining stream carrying capacity and population density in young Atlantic salmon and brown trout. We review stream habitat selection studies and relate results to variable and interacting abiotic and biotic factors. The importance of spatial and temporal scales are often overlooked. Different physical variables may influence fish position choice at different spatial scales. Temporally variable water flows and temperatures are pervasive environmental factors in streams that affect behavior and habitat selection. The more frequently measured abiotic variables are water depth, water velocity (or stream gradient), substrate particle size, and cover. Summer daytime, feeding habitats of Atlantic salmon are size structured. Larger parr (>7 cm) have a wider spatial niche than small parr. Selected snout water velocities are consistently low (3–25 cm. s^?1). Mean (or surface) water velocities are in the preferred range of 30–50 cm. s^?1, and usually in combination with coarse substratum (16–256 mm). However, salmon parr demonstrate flexibility with respect to preferred water velocity, depending on fish size, intra- and interspecific competition, and predation risk. Water depth is less important, except in small streams. In large rivers and lakes a variety of water depths are used by salmon parr. Summer daytime, feeding habitat of brown trout is also characterized by a narrow selection of low snout water velocities. Habitat use is size-structured, which appears to be mainly a result of intraspecific competition. The small trout parr (<7 cm) are abundant in the shallow swift stream areas (<20–30 cm depths, 10–50 cm. s^?1 water velocities) with cobble substrates. The larger trout have increasingly strong preferences for deep-slow stream areas, in particular pools. Water depth is considered the most important habitat variable for brown trout. Spatial niche overlap is considerable where the two species are sympatric, although young Atlantic salmon tend to be distributed more in the faster flowing and shallow habitats compared with trout. Habitat use by salmon is restricted through interspecific competition with the more aggressive brown trout (interactive segregation). However, subtle innate differences in behavior at an early stage also indicate selective segregation. Seasonal changes in habitat use related to water temperatures occur in both species. In winter, they have a stronger preference for cover and shelter, and may seek shelter in the streambed and/or deeper water. At low temperatures (higher latitudes), there are also marked shifts in habitat use during day and night as the fish become nocturnal. Passive sheltering in the substrate or aggregating in deep-slow stream areas is the typical daytime behavior. While active at night, the fish move to more exposed holding positions primarily on but also above the substrate. Diurnal changes in habitat use take place also in summer; brown trout may utilize a wider spatial niche at night with more fish occupying the shallow-slow stream areas. Brown trout and young Atlantic salmon also exhibit a flexible response to variability in streamflows, wherein habitat selection may change considerably. Important topics in need of further research include: influence of spatial measurement scale, effects of temporal and spatial variability in habitat conditions on habitat selection, effects of interactive competition and trophic interactions (predation risk) on habitat selection, influence of extreme natural events on habitat selection use or suitability (floods, ice formation and jams, droughts), and individual variation in habitat use or behavior.  相似文献