不同氮效率油菜苗期碳氮代谢差异     

王玉乾  巢成生  代晶  沈欣杰  李银水  顾炽明  谢立华  胡小加  秦璐  廖星 《中国油料作物学报》2022,44(3):589

为探究氮高效的机制,研究油菜苗期碳氮代谢规律,以两个氮效率差异显著的油菜种质（氮高效种质A294和氮低效种质A364）为材料,通过设置正常（CK, 9.5 mmol/L）和低氮（LN, 0.475 mmol/L）两个处理,比较不同氮效率油菜在根系形态、氮吸收转运同化、光合碳代谢生理指标以及碳氮代谢相关基因表达等方面的差异。结果表明,氮高效的A294在低氮胁迫下根系发达,植株生物量和氮累积量显著高于A364,前者根系吸收及向地上部转运氮的能力较强,而氮同化关键酶硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性在两个种质间无显著差异;同时,A294叶片SPAD值、光合色素含量、净光合速率及磷酸蔗糖合酶基因BnaSPS的表达均更高。进一步分析发现,低氮胁迫下A294根系中硝酸盐转运蛋白基因BnaNPF7.3的表达显著高于A364,而BnaNPF7.2b在A364根系的表达则显著高于A294;此外,A364可溶性糖含量的根叶比及根系中蔗糖合酶基因BnaSUS表达高于A294,说明低氮胁迫下氮高效油菜A294可以将更多的营养元素（氮）分配至地上部,使叶片保持较高的光合速率,为生物体构建提供保障;而氮低效油菜种质A364则倾向于将有限的营养元素（氮）分配在根系并维持其生长发育,同时其根系可溶性糖消耗占比高于A294,导致其根冠比高于A294。由此认为,油菜在响应外界氮缺乏胁迫时,氮素与能量物质（可溶性糖）的分配与消耗差异会影响叶片碳代谢（光合作用、蔗糖合成）速率,最终导致油菜苗期氮效率的差异。  相似文献   

信阳市油菜施肥技术研究     

余殿友 《信阳农业高等专科学校学报》2014,(3):108-109

通过对信阳市完成的13个油菜"3414"试验、10个氮肥用量试验、10个五区丰缺试验数据进行汇总分析,建立了信阳市油菜施肥模型,摸清了在本区域内油菜单位产量养分吸收量、土壤有效养分校正系数、土壤供肥量、土壤养分丰缺指标等技术参数,制定出了信阳市油菜施肥建议,为指导全市测土配方施肥技术推广提供了依据。  相似文献   

基于C-D生产函数的湖北省油菜单产影响因素实证分析     

陈云飞  冯中朝 《湖北农业科学》2014,53(18):4475-4479

在湖北省的江汉平原、鄂中北和鄂东南三大油菜(Bras sica campestrisL.)产区分别选取荆州、襄阳和黄冈3市,利用C-D生产函数分析了2002-2011年总化肥用量、机械作业量、种子投入、机械灌溉量、自然灾害发生率及农药用量6个因素对湖北省油菜单产的影响情况.结果表明,这6个影响因素对湖北省油菜单产情况有一定的解释能力,但对湖北省三大产区油菜单产的影响情况并不一致.江汉平原产区油菜单产下降的影响因素主要体现在机械灌溉量上:鄂东南产区油菜单产下降的主要因素来源于总化肥用量;鄂中北油菜单产上升则可能来源于机械作业水平的提高和机械灌溉量的改善等综合因素.其他因素对湖北省油菜单产也有不同程度的影响.  相似文献   

基于高速摄像的气力式油菜精量排种器投种轨迹分析   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

余佳佳  丁幼春  廖宜涛  丛锦玲  廖庆喜 《华中农业大学学报》2014,33(3):103-108

采用高速摄像技术,在排种轴转速15r/min、负压-1 500Pa工况下,对正压50~600Pa范围内观察油菜的投种轨迹,并依据目标追踪技术方法提取连续帧图像中油菜籽的坐标位置并获得其运动轨迹曲线;统计分析油菜籽投种轨迹的分布特征,利用高斯函数模型对曲线拟合得到其分布规律,并构建正压与油菜籽投种距离的关系模型;根据油菜籽轨迹曲线获得其投种阶段瞬时速度曲线,明确了油菜籽的运动状态。试验结果表明:在同一工况下的油菜籽轨迹曲线均服从正态分布规律,且正压大小与油菜籽投种距离为线性关系,其相关系数为0.988;当排种器正压范围为100~250Pa时,其投种轨迹变异系数最小。  相似文献   

Application of Protein Feed Processed by Microbial Fermentation to Dairy Cow     

Sun Zhe  Liu Ying  Pan Hong-bao  Gao Xue-jun 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2014,21(1):39-44

Methionine(Met)and lysine(Lys)have been reported as the first two limiting amino acids(AA)for maximum milk yield and milk protein production.Supplying these AA may improve microbial protein synthesis and therefore improve milk production without adding excess N to the environment.This observation utilized fermented soybean meal(SBM),cottonseed meal(CSM),rapeseed meal(RSM)and corn by Bacillus subtilis 168 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as core feedstuffs to produce special biological protein feed for dairy cow.The results showed that the milk production,milk protein percentage,milk fat percentage and milk DM percentage of test groups in trial period were significantly more than those of the control group(P<0.01),the results showed that adding fermenting protein feed in dairy cow diets could significantly improve milk yield,milk protein and milk fat content.The economic benefits of actual application were analyzed,the group of 0.5%was the best compared with the other groups.  相似文献   

Risk assessment of outcrossing of transgenic rapessed to related species:     

M. C. Kerlan  A. M. Chèvre  F. Eber  A. Baranger  M. Renard 《Euphytica》1992,62(2):145-153

Summary The risk for a gene dispersal is reported for reciprocal crosses between a transgenic rapeseed variety resistant to the herbicide phosphinotricin and five related species. The first stages after pollination were cytologically observed and fertilized ovaries were established in in vitro culture for the production of interspecific hybrids. A similar classification was observed for the index of pollination compatibility and embryo yield. From the 243 embryos produced, 109 plantlets were obtained in a greenhouse. All the interspecific combinations tested were able to produce hybrid plants. A higher number of hybrids was obtained when rapeseed was used as the female parent. The hybrids had the expected triploid structure except for two amphidiploid, B. napus × B. oleracea, and one amphidiploid, B. napus × S. arvensis, plants with 56 chromosomes. The triploid hybrids were sterile or partially fertile but two of the amphidiploid plants, B. napus × B. oleracea, were fully fertile. The cytoplasm source did not seem to affect the fertility of the hybrids.  相似文献   

Genetic and genotype × environment interaction effects analysis for erucic acid content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)     

Chunhai Shi  Haizhen Zhang  Jianguo Wu  Changtao Li  Yuling Ren 《Euphytica》2003,130(2):249-254

Genetic main effects and genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects for erucic acid content (EAC) in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) were analyzed for two year data by using the genetic models and corresponding statistical approaches for quantitative traits of diploid plant seeds. Eight parents were included in adiallel mating design in two environments. It was found that the embryo, cytoplasmic and maternal main effects and their GE interaction effects could simultaneously affect the performance of EAC, especially for the cytoplasmic and maternal effects. Since the amount of genetic main effects from the expression of genes in different genetic systems accounted for about 64.1%of the total genetic effects, EAC of rapeseed was mainly controlled by genetic main effects. The total narrow-sense heritability for EAC was 83.6% with the general heritability being 51.9% and the interaction heritability being 31.7%. It was suggested by the predicted genetic effects, that Tower and Youcai 601 were better than other parents for reducing EAC in rapeseed quality breeding. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Response of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Growth, Yield, Oil Content and Its Fatty Acids to Nitrogen Rates and Application Times   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. F. Ibrahim    E. O. Abusteit  El-M. A.  El-Metwally 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1989,162(2):107-112

A steady and progressive increase in rapeseed yield was observed with each increment in applied nitrogen rates up to 213 kg/ha in both seasons. As for nitrogen application times, the analyzed data showed that adding a split dose (either 1/2 or 1/3) before the third irrigation was a common part between high yielding treatments in 1985/86 season. Nitrogen rates X application times interaction affected rapeseed yield significantly during the first winter season. The highest seed yield of 2.5 t/ha was obtained by adding 213 kg N/ha in two split doses at sowing and just before the third irrigation. The second yield value of 2.47 t/ha was produced under the same N rate when applied in two split doses before second and third irrigation. However, in the second season (1986/87), rapeseed plants did not exhibit significant responses to nitrogen rates X application times interaction.
Chemical analyses showed that rapeseed oil content and its fatty acids (Palmetic, Stearic, Oleic, Linoleic, Linolenic, Arachidic and Erucic) percentages were not significantly affected by either nitrogen rates or application times in both seasons. A very low content of Erucic acid (0.1–0.9 %) in all tested sample was noticed.  相似文献   

Herbicide-tolerant crops in agriculture: oilseed rape as a case study   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

I. J. Senior  P. J. Dale 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(2):97-107

Oilseed rape has been modified extensively by conventional breeding for the production of varieties useful for human consumption (blended vegetable oil and margarine) and industrial processes (rubber additives and high‐temperature lubricants). Because much is now known about its genetic and biochemical composition, it has been an obvious choice for genetic modification and is now at the forefront of the commercial development of genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops. Around the world, the increase in commercial plantings of all transgenic crops has been rapid. In 1996, 1.7 million hectares were planted, but by 1998 this figure had jumped to 27.8 million ha. The area in the year 2001 is likely to be about 50 million ha. With the possible introduction of transgenic varieties into European agriculture, it is essential that the associated farming practices employed are appropriate for their growth, both from a commercial and an environmental viewpoint. Some of the first transgenic crops are those carrying agronomic traits, e.g. herbicide tolerance transgenes. However, before full commercialization occurs, important agronomic and environmental questions need to be answered. How are these new crops to be incorporated into existing cropping practices? How will this change the current herbicide use profile for a given crop? Do herbicide‐tolerant varieties enhance or impede integrated pest management schemes? What is the likely uptake of such crops in agriculture? What are the ecological implications of their introduction? Are there effective measures to control the spread of transgenes to wild relatives? This paper addresses these questions, with special emphasis on oilseed rape production in the UK, but includes examples from other crops and countries where appropriate.  相似文献   

种肥播施方式对红壤旱地油菜产量及肥料利用率的影响     

LYU Wei-Sheng  XIAO Fu-Liang  ZHANG Shao-Wen  ZHENG Wei  HUANG Tian-Bao  XIAO Xiao-Jun  LI Ya-Zhen  WU Yan  HAN De-Peng  XIAO Guo-Bin  ZHANG Xue-Kun 《作物学报》1962,46(11):1790-1800

In order to explicit proper sowing and fertilizing methods of rapeseed production in red-soil dryland, a two-year field experiment covering two rapeseed seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) was conducted with four treatments of sowing and fertilizing methods to analyze the impact on yield formation and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed, including conventional sowing and fertilizing method (T1), sowing in row with surface broadcast fertilizing (T2), synchronous sowing in uniform row with side deep fertilizing (T3) and synchronous sowing in wide-narrow row with side deep fertilizing (T4). The results were as follows: The yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed in red-soil dryland were significantly affected by sowing and fertilizing methods. Besides, these differences were more significant in poor soil condition and drought season (2017-2018) than those in nutrient-rich soil condition and rainy season (2018-2019). Compared with T1 and T2, T3 and T4 promoted the yield formation and increased its fertilizer use efficiency significantly, whereas there was no significant difference between T3 and T4. Specifically, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing could improve dry matter production during the whole growth period of rapeseed, especially from anthesis to maturity, with a corresponding rise of dry matter accumulation of both underground and aboveground after anthesis. Meanwhile, compared with the conventional cultivation, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing increased the uptake of nutrients (N, P and K), effective plant density and maintained sufficient pod number, and thus improved the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed. This study indicated that the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing had the potential of improving rapeseed productivity in red-soil dryland of southern China. Therefore, it should be suggested to promote the application according to local condition.  相似文献