中小型养猪场风机调速系统   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨冬平  孟超英 《农业工程学报》2005,21(5):189-191

为了适应中小型养猪场环境控制的需要,该文介绍了一种新型的单相风机调速控制系统。该系统使用单片机来控制单相交流通风机,通过改变风机的供给功率,达到调速、控制通风的目的,且结构简单,成本低廉,实际应用效率较高。  相似文献   

Synthesis and biological evaluation of [1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alkyl]-1-silacyclopentanes     

Bok Ryul Yoo  Mi Yeon Suk  Joon Soo Han  Yong-Man Yu  Soon-Gyu Hong  Il Nam Jung 《Pest management science》1998,52(2):138-144

A series of 1-aryl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alkyl-1-silacyclopentanes has been synthesized by four-step reactions starting from 1-chloroalkyltrichlorosilane and tested for fungicidal activities in vitro for ten fungi and in vivo for four fungi occurring in rice, cucumber, tomato etc. Biological activities of the title compounds are strongly dependent upon the p-substituent on the phenyl group in the following order: F>Cl>Ph>OEt>H. Especially, 1-p-fluorophenyl-1-[1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alkyl]-1-silacyclopentanes (alkyl=methyl or ethyl) showed significant fungicidal activity with a broad spectrum comparable to flusilazole in in-vivo assay. © 1998 SCI.  相似文献   

硅对盐胁迫下藜麦生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响     

武子璇  王欣  钟明月  封洪雨  仇明慧  李妍 《现代农业科技》2024,(11)

全球气候变暖降水减少加速了土壤盐渍化进程,对农业生产造成了严重影响,低浓度的盐分对藜麦发育没有明显影响,但盐含量较高的土壤则不利于藜麦的生长。前人研究表明,硅能帮助植物在盐胁迫条件下更好的生长。本实验以4种藜麦为研究材料,在300mmol.L_-1^{盐胁迫条件下设置硅浓度梯度(CK、0、0.5、1、1.5、2 mmol.L}_-1^{),研究硅对盐胁迫条件下藜麦幼苗的}生长影响及其生理机制,为提高藜麦耐盐性提供参考。结果表明：(1)与对照相比,盐胁迫条件下藜麦幼苗的芽长均明显降低,根长均显著增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化酶活性有不同程度的增加;可溶性糖(SS)含量降低;超氧阴离子自由基(O_2^.-)产生速率丙二醛(MDA)含量增加。(2)随硅浓度的增加,藜麦幼苗的芽长、根长、SOD、POD、CAT、SS均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,O_2.-^{产生速率和MDA含量先降低后升高。(3)}适当浓度外源硅的添加提高了盐胁迫条件下藜麦幼苗的抗氧化酶活性和SS含量,降低O_2.-^{产生速率和MDA含量,促进了藜麦幼苗在盐胁迫条件下的生长,0.5～1mmol.L}_-1^{硅浓度效果最好。}  相似文献   

毒死蜱在硅(110)晶面吸附的分子动力学模拟     

茅寅  许昌华  廖鹏飞  吴其皓  戴隆超 《农业环境科学学报》2023,42(3):624-631

为了研究利用硅微传感器检测农药——毒死蜱,基于分子动力学模拟方法,采用Materials studio软件进行研究,模拟真空环境和水环境中硅(110)晶面对毒死蜱分子的吸附过程,计算出了吸附能和吸附性能等。结果表明:水环境中毒死蜱和硅晶面的吸附能小于真空环境下的吸附能,其中毒死蜱与水分子的疏水作用能为吸附能变化的主要影响因素;水环境下最终吸附平衡构型中,分子并不完全吸附于基底,模拟温度在288 K、模拟时长在600 ps时,被吸附农药的分子量最多;毒死蜱分子距离硅晶面越近,被吸附的分子量越多。研究表明,在实际农药检测工作中,288、298、308 K温度下硅微传感器检测农药毒死蜱浓度的结果需要对应不同的浓度限值,即0.030、0.020、0.027 mg·L^-1。  相似文献   

Effects of Soluble Silicate and Nanosilica Application on Rice Nutrition in an Oxisol     

Rita de Cassia F&#;LIX ALVAREZ  Renato de Mello PRADO  Guilherme FELISBERTO  Ang&#;lica Cristina FERNANDES DEUS  Raimundo Leonardo LIMA DE OLIVEIRA 《土壤圈》2018,28(4):597-606

Silicon(Si) has been supplied to plants via application of calcium silicate to soil; however, high doses of calcium silicate are required because of its low solubility. Nanoparticles can reduce Si doses and be applied to seeding furrows. This study investigated the effects of liquid Si sources, i.e., highly soluble silicate(115.2 g L~(-1) Si and 60.5 g L~(-1) Na_2O) and nanosilica( 200 nm), on Si uptake by rice plants, plant lignification, plant C:N:P stoichiometry, plant physiology, and grain yield using an Oxisol under greanhouse condistions. The treatments included the application of nanosilica and soluble silicate to seeding furrows at Si doses of 0, 605, 1 210,and 2 420 g ha~(-1). Plant uptake and treatment effects were evaluated by measuring C and lignin contents, Si, N, and P accumulation,physiological characteristics, and grain yield of rice. The deposition of silica bodies and amorphous silica in the flag leaves was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Application of liquid Si increased Si accumulation in rice by 47.3% in relation to the control(0 g ha~(-1) Si), regardless of the Si sources used. Nanosilica application increased leaf lignin content by 112.7% when compared to that in the control. Silicon moderately affected the net C assimilation(increased by 1.83%) and transpiration rates(increased by 48.3%);however, Si influenced neither plant growth nor grain yield of rice. These results are explained by the lack of biotic or abiotic stress in rice plants during the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, in Brazilian agriculture, this is the first report on the use of nanosilica as a Si fertilizer and its effect on plant nutrition. This study provides evidence that rice plants absorb and accumulate nanoparticles;however, further studies are required to investigate the use of nanoparticles in other plant species.  相似文献   

外源La(Ⅲ)和Si对水稻幼苗植硅体固镧能力的影响     

司勇  王丽红  周青 《农业环境科学学报》2018,37(10):2101-2109

为研究环境中稀土元素(REEs)和硅(Si)对植物植硅体固镧能力(PLSA)的影响,以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)为代表,通过设置不同浓度镧[La(Ⅲ)]和Si正交实验,利用微波消解法提取根、茎和叶植硅体,以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱和实时荧光定量PCR等实验手段揭示环境La(Ⅲ)对水稻各器官PLSA的影响。结果显示,低浓度La(Ⅲ)使叶哑铃型植硅体大小和根Lsi1表达增加,促进叶和根PLSA,而高浓度La(Ⅲ)会减少叶哑铃型植硅体大小,降低根Lsi1和Lsi2表达,抑制根、茎和叶PLSA。外源La(Ⅲ)是提高根、茎和叶植硅体镧固定效率的重要因素。与单一La(Ⅲ)浓度影响相比,La(Ⅲ)与Si的复合处理显著促进叶和茎PLSA,外源Si能够缓解高浓度La(Ⅲ)对根、茎和叶PLSA的抑制作用。研究证明不同浓度的外源La(Ⅲ)和Si能够改变水稻不同器官的PLSA。  相似文献   

Impacts of silicon on biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in croplands     

Zi-chuan LI  Zhao-liang SONG  Xiao-min YANG  A-lin SONG  Chang-xun YU  Tao WANG  Shaopan XIA  Yong-chao LIANG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(10):2182-2195

Crop harvesting and residue removal from croplands often result in imbalanced biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in croplands, putting forward an austere challenge to sustainable agricultural production. As a beneficial element, silicon (Si) has multiple eco-physiological functions, which could help crops to acclimatize their unfavorable habitats. Although many studies have reported that the application of Si can alleviate multiple abiotic and biotic stresses and increase biomass accumulation, the effects of Si on carbon immobilization and nutrients uptake into plants in croplands have not yet been explored. This review focused on Si-associated regulation of plant carbon accumulation, lignin biosynthesis, and nutrients uptake, which are important for biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in croplands. The tradeoff analysis indicates that the supply of bioavailable Si can enhance plant net photosynthetic rate and biomass carbon production (especially root biomass input to soil organic carbon pool), but reduce shoot lignin biosynthesis. Besides, the application of Si could improve uptake of most nutrients under deficient conditions, but restricts excess uptake when they are supplied in surplus amounts. Nevertheless, Si application to crops may enhance the uptake of nitrogen and iron when they are supplied in deficient to luxurious amounts, while potassium uptake enhanced by Si application is often involved in alleviating salt stress and inhibiting excess sodium uptake in plants. More importantly, the amount of Si accumulated in plant positively correlates with nutrients release during the decay of crop biomass, but negatively correlates with straw decomposability due to the reduced lignin synthesis. The Si-mediated plant growth and litter decomposition collectively suggest that Si cycling in croplands plays important roles in biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients. Hence, scientific Si management in croplands will be helpful for maintaining sustainable development of agriculture.  相似文献   

施用硅肥锌肥作基肥对稻瘟病发生的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张佑宏  张国斌  王治虎  张舒  杨小林  张瑞洋 《中国农学通报》2018,34(8):90-94

[目的]稻瘟病是水稻生产上的主要病害,本研究旨在探索水稻减药增效的有效生产措施,[方法]选址于湖北水稻稻瘟病常重发区咸宁市崇阳县原种场,以硅肥和锌肥作基肥,设置单位施用量不同的8个处理研究硅肥和锌肥对稻叶瘟、稻穗瘟的控制作用及对水稻产量的影响,[结果]结果表明,相比不施硅肥锌肥作基肥的对照,各施用微肥处理对稻叶瘟和稻穗瘟的发生均有控制作用,混合施用硅肥锌肥作基肥(硅+锌(225 kg/hm2+ 15 kg/hm2))对稻叶瘟和稻穗瘟的控制作用最佳,防效分别达84.98%和75.65%,病指分别由21.70和15.05降至3.26和3.58;各微肥处理对产量均有不同程度的增产作用。[结论]综上,本研究说明科学的硅肥处理不仅可有效地减少稻瘟病的发生,而且具有增产作用,可以作为水稻生产中减药增效的措施。  相似文献   

Effect of soil application of microencapsulated caraway oil on weed infestation and maize yield     

A. Synowiec  A. Lenart-Boron  D. Kalemba 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(4):315-323

This study is aimed to determine the effect of spring soil application of caraway (Carum carvi L.) essential oil (EO) with silicon dioxide (SD) carrier on weed infestation, yield of maize (Zea mays L.), and microbiological soil activity. A two-year field experiment was set up in southern Poland on brown soil. The results showed that SD-EO microencapsulates were effective against dicotyledon weed species. Additionally, during the dry growth season, SD-EO microencapsulates affected the yield of maize (mass of cobs). Soil-applied microencapsulates caused an increase in soil microbiota, especially fungi and actinomycetes, by the end of a dryer season (September 2015). In conclusion, soil application of microencapsulated caraway EO with SD has potential as a natural weed control agent and should be studied further to optimize its dose and term for weed control in maize.  相似文献   

黄瓜叶面喷施硅肥对果实糖分和维生素C积累及相关酶的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王苗苗  乜兰春  徐瑞深  王珊珊 《园艺学报》2018,45(2):351-358

研究了黄瓜叶面喷施硅肥对其生长、产量、果实糖分、维生素C及相关酶活性和基因表达量的影响。结果表明：叶面喷施硅肥显著促进了黄瓜生长,增加了单株产量,提高了果实中碱性转化酶（NI）、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、蔗糖合成酶（SS）及半乳糖内脂脱氢酶（GaILDH）活性,提高了果实果糖、葡萄糖和维生素C含量。其中,1.420 g · L^-1单硅酸处理效应最显著,其果糖、葡萄糖和维生素C含量分别较对照高13.79%、18.08%和75.11%。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,叶面喷施单硅酸的黄瓜果实碱性转化酶–3（NI-3）、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）和半乳糖内脂脱氢酶（GaILDH）基因表达量显著提高。  相似文献