Assessing Silicon Availability in Soils of Rice-Growing Lowlands and Neighboring Uplands in Benin and Nigeria     

S.S.ABE  Y.YAMASAKI  T.WAKATSUKI 《水稻科学》2016,23(4):196-202

Silicon(Si) is known as a beneficial nutrient in the cultivation of rice, playing a key role in photosynthesis enhancement, lodging resistance and tolerance to various environmental stress. The present study aimed to examine available Si content in both lowland soils(n = 29) and neighboring upland soils(n = 21) collected from Benin and Nigeria and to evaluate the validity of the assessment results through a pot experiment. Our results revealed that the acetate-buffer method predicted Si concentration in rice straw at the harvest stage(R~2 = 0.68, P < 0.01) better than the anaerobic-incubation method(R2 = 0.31, P > 0.05), and 76% of the uplands and 38% of the lowlands were deficient(< 50 mg/kg) in acetate-buffer soluble Si. These findings suggest that the Si-deficiency soils prevail across the study area, making rice plants starved for Si and prone to environmental stress.  相似文献   

沉积物中硅释放的影响因素研究     

郑琦  李磊  吕昌伟  王伟颖  何江  左乐  颜道浩 《农业环境科学学报》2016,35(4):745-749

为揭示沉积物中硅的迁移转化机制及其生物地球化学循环规律,给湖泊富营养化发生机制及水环境治理与保护研究积累基础数据,以乌梁素海为研究对象,深入探讨了p H、微生物和低分子量有机酸等环境因子对沉积物中Si释放的影响机制。结果表明,随着p H的升高(7.0~9.5),乌梁素海上覆水中Si浓度降低,沉积物中生源硅(BSi)含量升高,显示乌梁素海的偏碱性环境使硅在水-沉积物界面的扩散矢量方向指向沉积物。方差分析表明,有微生物体系和无微生物体系之间上覆水Si浓度具有显著差异,可能与微生物的捕食作用和降解作用有关。菖蒲区上覆水中Si浓度整体高于对应季节芦苇区上覆水,而菖蒲区沉积物中BSi含量低于对应季节芦苇区沉积物,主要是由于芦苇和菖蒲根基分泌的低分子量有机酸不同,进而对硅酸盐矿物的溶解能力存在差异导致的。沉水植物区沉积物冬春季和夏秋季整体表现为上覆水的硅汇,上覆水共向沉积物中转移约15.62 t Si;挺水植物区沉积物冬春季和夏秋季整体表现为上覆水的硅源,沉积物共向上覆水中释放约33.15 t Si。  相似文献   

硅对Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn正交胁迫下水稻丙二醛含量的影响     

王小玲  刘腾云  幸学俊  李茜  高柱 《湖北农业科学》2016,(22):5771-5776

采用土壤重金属正交L9(34)胁迫方法 ,通过盆栽试验,研究喷施有机硅和无机硅溶液对水稻叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量和变化趋势的影响。结果表明,土壤受重金属污染,水稻叶片MDA含量显著升高,随着重金属胁迫浓度升高,MDA含量逐渐增加;随着生长时期的延长,MDA含量呈现先升高后下降的趋势。不同种类重金属对水稻叶片MDA含量影响由大到小依次是Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn。经有机硅处理的水稻叶片MDA含量(504.63μmol/g FW)最低,无机硅处理(565.85μmol/g FW)次之,无硅处理(611.73μmol/g FW)最高,不同处理间叶片MDA含量差异水平极显著(P0.01)。可见,硅处理有利于维持水稻膜脂过氧化系统平衡,诱导其抵御重金属胁迫的毒害机制。  相似文献   

中微量元素肥料配合施用对水稻生长和产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡时友  刘凯  马朝红  郭智慧  张晓明  唐一龙  张家学 《湖北农业科学》2016,(20)

单施硅、锌、硼肥或锌硼硅肥配合施用,均可促进水稻生长,改善经济性状,其中锌肥对总苗数、株高和有效穗数的增加作用明显,硼肥则对穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重有较好的增加作用,硅肥对穗总粒数(穗长和大小)有较为明显的增加作用;硅、锌、硼等中微量元素肥料对水稻生长过程中发生的稻瘟病(苗稻瘟、叶稻瘟、穗颈瘟)、稻曲病有较好的抗性,对纹枯病有减轻作用,硅肥对水稻的抗倒作用则更为明显;4个县市的小区试验和大田示范结果表明,单施硅、锌、硼肥或配合施用,均能显著增产,小区试验的增产幅度为7.0%~13.7%,大田示范增产幅度为12.8%~14.7%,锌硼硅肥配合施用效果最显著。  相似文献   

一种新型硅肥在两系杂交水稻上的增产效果研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

陈刚  罗志祥  施伏芝  吴文革  阮新民  许有尊  从夕汉  董建军  刘春盛  吴劲松  张从合  何立斌  权容雄 《中国土壤与肥料》2016,(2):109-113

采用多点田间试验,研究了在江淮、沿江地区增施新型硅肥对两系杂交稻产量的影响。结果表明,增施新型硅肥能够显著提高两系杂交水稻产量、优化产量结构并提高水稻抗性。当硅肥施用量从3 000 g/hm~2增加到12 000 g/hm~2时,产量增幅从2.76%提高到7.84%;水稻移栽后35 d,硅肥施用量为7 500 g/hm~2时,产量较对照显著提高6.2%,茎蘖成穗率达到67.3%,显著高于对照,结实率较对照提高3.2%,达到显著水平;增施新型硅肥后稻瘟病、稻曲病、纹枯病和二化螟等主要病虫害发病率显著下降,第1~4节间长度缩短0.15~0.85 cm,第2、3节茎秆壁增厚,提高了两系杂交稻的抗倒能力。  相似文献   

硅锌硼配施对红壤区双季稻产量和群体发育特征的影响   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

杨秀霞  燕辉  陈仁辉  王文姿  况家瑛  商庆银  周春火 《中国土壤与肥料》2016,(6):121-128

水稻是典型的喜锌、喜硅和低度需硼作物,而我国红壤区土壤中硅、硼、锌等主要中微量元素含量普遍偏低,施用硅、锌、硼对水稻生产存在重大影响。以早稻品种中嘉早17和晚稻品种H优518为试验材料,研究硅、锌、硼配施对红壤区双季稻产量和群体发育特征的影响。结果表明:与CK处理相比,早稻季Si+Zn和Si+Zn+B处理产量分别显著增加8.6%和12.6%,晚稻季仅Si+Zn+B处理产量显著增加10.6%;早稻季Si+Zn+B处理有效穗数、结实率和千粒重均显著高于CK处理(P0.05),晚稻季仅Si+Zn和Si+Zn+B处理有效穗数显著增加;早稻和晚稻群体总颖花量与产量之间呈极显著线性正相关关系(P0.001)。与CK处理相比,增施硅、锌、硼后各生育期分蘖数、叶面积指数、SPAD值、生物量积累均有增加的趋势,其中Si+Zn+B处理增加幅度最大。除早稻季Si处理外,早稻季和晚稻季增施硅、锌、硼肥后各处理地上部群体氮素吸收总量均显著高于对照,且Si+Zn+B处理显著高于其他处理(P0.05)。因此,在红壤区双季稻生产中应重视硅、锌、硼等中微量元素的平衡施用,尤其是温度条件较低的早稻季更应重视这些元素的施用。  相似文献   

Effect of Silicon Fertilization on Growth,Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Rice     

Sajal Pati  Biplab Pal  Shrikant Badole  Biswapati Mandal 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(3):284-290

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of silicon (diatomaceous earth, DE) fertilization on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of rice during the kharif season of 2012 and 2013 in the new alluvial zone of West Bengal, India. Results showed that application of silicon significantly increased grain and straw yield as well as yield-attributing parameters such as plant height (cm), number of tillers m^?2, number of panicle m^?2, and 1000-grain weight (g) of rice. The greatest grain and straw yields were observed in the treatment T₆ (DE at 600 kg ha^?1 in combination with standard fertilizer practice (SFP). The concentration and uptake of silicon, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in grain and straw were also greater under this treatment compared to others. It was concluded that application of DE at 600 kg ha^?1 along with SFP resulted increased grain, straw, and uptake of NPK.  相似文献   

Establishing Soil Silicon Test Procedure and Critical Silicon Level for Rice in Louisiana Soils     

Tapasya Babu  Wooiklee Paye  Yumiko Kanke  Lawrence Datnoff 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(12):1578-1597

Calibration of crop responses to applied silicon (Si) serves as a basis for developing Si fertilizer recommendation guidelines. A greenhouse experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with five replications, two sources of Si (wollastonite and slag) and four Si rates (0, 170, 340 and 680 kg ha^?1) to calibrate plant-available Si for growing rice in Louisiana soils. Silicon concentrations were determined in soils using seven different extraction procedures. Based on a quadratic model (p < 0.05), the estimated soil Si critical level using 0.01 M calcium chloride (CaCl₂) for Sharkey clay soil was 110 mg kg^?1 while for Crowley silt loam and Commerce silt loam, levels were 37 and 43 mg kg^?1, respectively. These results suggest that suitability of an extractant that gives the best estimate of plant-available Si could considerably depend on soil type and it is unlikely that there is a universal extractant for all soils.  相似文献   

Effect of silicon on photosynthetic gas exchange,photosynthetic pigments,cell membrane stability and relative water content of different wheat cultivars under drought stress conditions     

Kobra Maghsoudi  Yahya Emam 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(7):1001-1015

This study aims to explain the effects of silicon (Si) foliar application on gas exchange characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability and leaf relative water content of different wheat cultivars in the field under drought stress conditions. The experiment was arranged as a split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation regime (100%, 60%, and 40% F.C.), silicon (control and Si application) and wheat cultivars (Shiraz, Marvdasht, Chamran, and Sirvan) were considered as main, sub and sub-sub plots, respectively. This study was carried out at the Research Farm of the Collage of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Iran, during 2012–2013 growing season. The results showed that foliar application of silicon increased the leaf relative water content, photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total chl and carotenoids), chlorophyll stability index (CSI) and membrane stability index (MSI) in all wheat cultivars, especially in Sirvan and Chamran (drought tolerant cultivars), under both stress and non-stress conditions. However, more improvement was observed under drought stress as compared to the non-stress condition. In contrast, these parameters decreased under drought stress. Si significantly decreased electrolyte leakage in all four cultivars under drought stress conditions. Furthermore, the intercellular carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration (C_i) increased under drought stress. Si application decreased C_i especially under drought stress conditions. Net photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (g_s) were significantly decreased under drought conditions. Under drought, Si applied plants showed significantly higher leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) and carboxylation efficiency (C_E) decreased in all cultivars under drought stress. However, the silicon-applied plants had greater WUEi and C_E under drought stress. The stomatal limitation was found to be higher in stressed plants compared to the control. Exogenously applied silicon also decreased stomatal limitation. Overall, application of Si was found beneficial for improving drought tolerance of wheat plants.  相似文献   

镉胁迫下硅对高粱生长的影响及其作用机制     

刘朋  殷俐娜    王仕稳    邓西平   《水土保持研究》2014,21(6):329-333

尽管硅提高植物的抗镉毒害已经被广泛的报道,但是其作用机理还不明确。该试验研究在镉胁迫的条件下,硅对高粱生长的影响及作用机制。结果发现:外源施加硅能显著地缓解镉对高粱无论地上部分还是地下部分鲜重及干重的抑制作用。抗氧化酶结果表明:在正常条件下,硅对抗氧化酶的活性没有显著的影响。在镉毒害的条件下,硅显著增强CAT和POD的活性,SOD的活性不受影响。与此相对应:硅显著地降低MDA的含量。对有机酸的分析发现:在镉胁迫的条件下,叶片中有3种有机酸能够检测到:草酸,丙二酸,丁二酸,并且其含量都在硅的调节下增加。而在根系中所检测的4种有机酸中,草酸和丙二酸的含量受到硅的调节而增加,柠檬酸的含量不受影响,而苹果酸的含量却有下降的趋势。上述结果表明:硅增强高粱幼苗的抗镉胁迫与其增强高粱抗氧化酶活性及增加高粱体内有机酸的含量相关。  相似文献