重金属Cd、Pb复合污染对植物生理生化和细胞结构影响的研究进展     

卢楠 《现代农业科技》2019,(8)

我国受重金属污染的土地面积广大,因采矿等造成的环境和土壤重金属污染问题日趋严重。因金属矿床形成特点及开采方式单一等原因,造成Cd、Pb居于重金属复合污染前列。通过总结单一Cd、Pb污染对植物生理生化特征的影响以及Cd、Pb复合污染对植物生理生化及细胞结构的影响等研究进展,明晰土壤重金属Cd、Pb复合污染对植物影响和损害的研究热点,进而探明植物重金属胁迫的生理响应机制。  相似文献   

Acquired Thermo‐Tolerance and Trans‐Generational Heat Stress Response at Flowering in Rice          下载免费PDF全文

B. R. Raju  S. V. K. Jagadish 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2016,202(4):309-319

In rice, pre‐exposure to sublethal treatment followed by harsh lethal treatment is known to improve tolerance of different abiotic stresses at the vegetative stage within and across generations. Our major aim was to test the phenomenon of thermo‐tolerance at flowering across (trans)‐generations and within generation using rice cultivars contrasting for heat stress tolerance at flowering. To test trans‐generational response, plants were exposed to higher temperature at flowering stage and seeds obtained from previous generations were exposed to heat stress during flowering, which recorded significantly lower fertility when exposed to the same degree of stress in their subsequent generations. A pre‐acclimation to moderately high acclimating temperatures imposed over three different durations during the vegetative and initial reproductive stage showed positive response in the tolerant N22, particularly under severe heat stress (40 °C). This finding indicates the possibility of acquiring ameliorative thermo‐tolerant mechanisms at anthesis, restricted to tolerant genetic backgrounds to combat subsequent harsh conditions within the same generation. However, trans‐generational memory was ineffective in mitigating spikelet sterility losses in both tolerant and susceptible backgrounds. Rice is extremely sensitive to heat stress during flowering; hence, similar exercise across other crops of interest needs to be carried out before generalizing conclusions.  相似文献   

Management of Cattle Exposed to Adverse Environmental Conditions     

《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2015,31(2):247-258

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Puerarin improved growth performance and postmortem meat quality by regulating lipid metabolism of cattle under hot environment     

Tao Peng  Hanle Shang  Mingrui Yang  Yanjiao Li  Junrong Luo  Mingren Qu  Xinyu Zhang  Xiaozhen Song 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13543

This study aims to evaluate the effect of puerarin on performance, meat quality, and serum indexes of beef cattle under hot environment. Thirty-two bulls were divided into four groups and fed diet supplemented with puerarin at 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg. Results showed that heat stress was employed for 54 out of 60 days, 400 mg/kg group declined serum cortisol (COR) contents, all treatments increased the contents of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total superoxide dismutase activity; in addition, glutathione peroxidase activity of 200 mg/kg group were enhanced, only 800 mg/kg group enhanced immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents compared with the control (p < .05). Moreover, 400-mg/kg puerarin increased serum growth hormone levels compared with 200 mg/kg group but declined COR concentrations compared with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups (p < .05). More importantly, average daily gain and daily matter intake, and intramuscular fat contents of 400 mg/kg group were enhanced, but the shear force of beef in 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg groups were declined compared with the control (p < .05). These findings indicated that supplemental with puerarin enhanced immune and antioxidant, and 400 mg/kg of puerarin improved performance and meat quality by normalizing levels of stress hormones and increasing intramuscular fat deposition of beef cattle under hot environment.  相似文献   

马齿苋水提物对热应激小鼠空肠结构及吸收功能的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭月  刘小宝  李健  何欣  赵兴华 《畜牧兽医学报》2020,51(4):873-880

旨在探讨马齿苋水提物（aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L.）对热应激小鼠空肠结构及吸收功能的影响。将40只昆明种小鼠随机分为4组（n=10）：空白对照组（C）、热应激组（HS）、马齿苋水提物组（AEP）、维生素C组（Vc），HS、AEP和Vc组每天于（40±1）℃环境下处理0.5 h，连续热应激6 d后将小鼠转置于室温下给药治疗。给药7 d后眶窦采血，并采集小鼠空肠；测定小鼠血清中D-木糖、葡萄糖含量；HE染色观察空肠组织病理学变化；qRT-PCR法检测空肠黏膜ZO-1、SGLT1及GLUT2 mRNA的相对转录水平。结果显示，与C组比较，HS组小鼠空肠黏膜绒毛高度极显著降低（P<0.01）；血清中D-木糖的含量极显著降低（P<0.01）；空肠黏膜中ZO-1、SGLT1和GLUT2 mRNA的相对转录水平均极显著降低（P<0.01）；与HS组相比，AEP组小鼠空肠绒毛高度极显著提高（P<0.01）；血清中D-木糖及葡萄糖的含量均显著升高（P<0.01或P<0.05）；空肠黏膜中ZO-1、SGLT1和GLUT2 mRNA的相对转录水平均显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。高温处理可导致小鼠空肠黏膜脱落及吸收功能下降，而在给予马齿苋水提物治疗后可通过提高空肠ZO-1 mRNA表达量修复空肠黏膜结构，通过促进空肠黏膜SGLT1和GLUT2 mRNA的转录量改善吸收功能。马齿苋水提物能在一定程度上修复热应激导致小鼠空肠黏膜结构损伤，改善热应激小鼠肠道的吸收能力。  相似文献   

Comparison of Salt and Drought‐Stress Effects on Maize Growth and Yield Formation with Regard to Acid Invertase Activity in the Kernels          下载免费PDF全文

B. W. Hütsch  S. Jung  S. Schubert 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(5):353-367

The long‐term effects of salt stress (11 dS m^?1) and drought stress (35 % WHC) were investigated for two maize genotypes, focusing on the relation between metabolic changes around the time of pollination and the impact on yield determinants at maturity. The relatively salt‐resistant hybrid Pioneer 3906 and the relatively drought‐resistant hybrid Fabregas were compared. The experiments were conducted in large plastic containers in a vegetation hall in two consecutive years (2011 and 2012). Plant height and leaf area were significantly reduced under both stress conditions. The transpiration rate was only slightly reduced under drought stress; but under salt stress, a significant reduction occurred 40–53 days after sowing. As a significant increase in sucrose concentrations was observed in the salt‐treated maize kernels 2 days after pollination, the availability of assimilates was not limiting and the plants could afford to save water by reduced stomatal opening. Although under both stress conditions the soluble acid invertase activity was reduced 2 days after pollination, concomitantly, an increase in hexose concentrations was observed. Thus, in these experiments, the delivery of hexoses by acid invertase activity did not limit kernel development. Differences in grain yield at maturity between salt and drought stress were most likely caused by salt‐specific effects (Na⁺ toxicity), Fabregas being more affected than Pioneer 3906.  相似文献   

拟南芥响应3-羰基己酰基高丝氨酸内酯的膜蛋白质组分析     

赵芊  牛亚丽  张肖晗  刘方  贾振华  马宏  宋水山 《河北农业大学学报》2016,(2):21-27

为了探索植物响应细菌信号N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(AHLs)的分子机制。本文利用二维差异凝胶电泳技术分析了3-羰基己酰基高丝氨酸内酯(3OC6-HSL)处理引起拟南芥膜蛋白质组的变化情况,结果表明3OC6-HSL共诱导53个蛋白点发生显著变化,涉及天然免疫、逆境胁迫响应、碳代谢、能量代谢、光合作用等多种生物学功能,暗示了3OC6-HSL在调控植物生长发育和抗逆性方面发挥着重要作用,可为阐明植物-细菌跨界通讯的分子机制提供更多的功能蛋白质信息。  相似文献   

MdMYB73的分子克隆及其在苹果愈伤组织和拟南芥幼苗中的盐抗性功能鉴定     

张全艳  刘晓  于建强  胡大刚  郝玉金 《园艺学报》2016,43(11):2073-2078

从‘嘎拉’苹果中克隆了一个MYB转录因子基因(序列号:MDP0000894463)。该基因包含长为729 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码243个氨基酸,预测其蛋白质分子量为26.34 kD,等电点为9.29。系统进化树分析表明,这一MYB转录因子与拟南芥AtMYB73同源序列相似性最高,因此将其命名为MdMYB73。功能域分析表明,MdMYB73蛋白含有保守的R2R3-typeMYB绑定域。荧光定量PCR分析表明,MdMYB73在苹果的各个组织均有表达,在叶片和花中表达相对较高;MdMYB73的表达明显受盐胁迫的诱导。将异位表达MdMYB73的拟南芥幼苗进行抗盐鉴定,结果表明MdMYB73负调控拟南芥盐胁迫抗性;同时,AtSOS1,AtSOS3和AtNHX1抗盐相关基因的表达水平显著降低,表明MdMYB73可能负调控SOS反应,影响拟南芥抵抗高盐胁迫过程。将MdMYB73基因遗传转化苹果愈伤组织,抗盐表型分析表明,MdMYB73过量表达也明显降低了转基因愈伤组织对盐胁迫的抗性。  相似文献   

水分胁迫下骏枣叶片中保护酶活性的变化     

郭艳  侯艳霞  宋金龙  刘和 《山西果树》2016,(2)

以3年生盆栽骏枣为研究对象,研究了在不同程度的水分胁迫下,骏枣树体中SOD、POD、CAT 3种抗氧化保护酶活性的变化,结果表明,3种酶在植物体内是协同作用,随着干旱天数不断增加,SOD和POD活性的变化规律基本一致,总体表现为前期数值升高后期逐渐降低,而CAT活性变化有波动。说明骏枣体内的这3种酶均能够抵抗干旱,消除自由基对植物的伤害,对植物进行保护。  相似文献   

Whole-genome identiifcation and expression analysis of K+eflfux antiporter (KEA) and Na+/H+antiporter (NHX) families under abiotic stress in soybean     

CHEN Hua-tao  CHEN Xin  WU Bing-yue  YUAN Xing-xing  ZHANG Hong-mei  CUI Xiao-yan  LIU Xiao-qing 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2015,(6)

Sodium toxicity and potassium insufifcient are important factors affecting the growth and development of soybean in saline soil. As the capacity of plants to maintain a high cytosolic, K+/Na+ratio is t...  相似文献