Effects of predator-induced visual and olfactory cues on 0+ perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) foraging behaviour     

V. N. Mikheev  J. Wanzenböck  A. F. Pasternak 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(2):111-117

Abstract –  Foraging juvenile fish with relatively high food demands are usually vulnerable to various aquatic and avian predators. To compromise between foraging and antipredator activity, they need exact and reliable information about current predation risk. Among direct predator-induced cues, visual and olfactory signals are considered to be most important. Food intake rates and prey-size selectivity of laboratory-reared, naive young-of-the-year (YOY) perch, Perca fluviatilis , were studied in experiments with Daphnia magna of two size classes: 2.8 and 1.3 mm as prey and northern pike, Esox lucius , as predator. Neither total intake rate nor prey-size selectivity was modified by predator kairomones alone (water from an aquarium with a pike was pumped into the test aquaria) under daylight conditions. Visual presentation of pike reduced total food intake by perch. This effect was significantly more pronounced (synergistic) when visual and olfactory cues were presented simultaneously to foraging perch. Moreover, the combination of cues caused a significant shift in prey-size selection, expressed as a reduced proportion of large prey in the diet. Our observations demonstrate that predator-induced olfactory cues alone are less important modifiers of the feeding behaviour of naive YOY perch than visual cues under daylight conditions. However, pike odour acts as a modulatory stimulus enhancing the effects of visual cues, which trigger an innate response in perch.  相似文献   

Predation performance and survival of susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant Eriopis connexa Germar (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to insecticides used in brassica crops     

Rogério Lira  Deividy Vicente do Nascimento  Paulo Roberto Ramos Barbosa  Alvin M. Simmons  Jorge Braz Torres 《Pest management science》2023,79(8):2704-2712

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Updating integrated mite management 50 years later: comparing laboratory pesticide susceptibility of a ‘new’ generalist predatory mite to a cornerstone specialist predator     

Paul E Bergeron  Rebecca A Schmidt-Jeffris 《Pest management science》2023,79(10):3451-3458

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竹子深度脱木质素蒸煮与常规硫酸盐法蒸煮的比较     

曹石林  詹怀宇  陈礼辉  黄友河 《林产化学与工业》2006,26(2):65-68

为了提高竹浆性能和减少环境污染,对福建丛生小径竹进行了实验室模拟延伸改良连续蒸煮(EMCC)和常规硫酸盐法蒸煮(CKC)的研究。结果表明,EMCC蒸煮通过分段加入蒸煮药液和在逆流段进行药液置换,比CKC具有更高的脱木质素选择性。在蒸煮相同卡伯值的竹浆时,EMCC浆比常规硫酸盐浆(CK浆)具有更高细浆得率、较低粗渣率、更高粘度和更好强度性能。在相同的打浆度下,EMCC浆抗张指数、耐破指数和撕裂指数都比常规硫酸盐浆高。  相似文献   

Selectivity in a trawl codend during haul-back operation—An overlooked phenomenon     

Niels Madsen  Roar Skeide  Mike Breen  Ludvig A. Krag  Irene Huse  Aud V. Soldal 《Fisheries Research》2008,91(2-3):168-174

The selectivity of a 99 mm trawl codend was assessed using a codend cover fitted with a MultiSampler, which was acoustically triggered to take separate samples at three different phases of the haul. The first sample was collected during towing, the second during haul-up and the third at the surface. A total of 18 hauls were conducted with a commercial fishing vessel west of Scotland. It was demonstrated that escapes take place not only during the tow but also in the short period when the trawl is hauled back from the seabed and when the codend is at the surface. For haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), respectively, the mean percentages escaping at the surface were 16, 12 and 38% of the total escape while 17, 8 and 28% escaped during the haul-up phase. Compared to towing, the escape rate (no./min) increased for haddock by a factor 2.7 during haul-up and by a factor 1.7 at the surface, whereas the escape rates of whiting were similar for the three phases. The escape rate of Norway lobster increased by a factor of approximately 7 for both the haul-up and surface phases, compared to the towing phase. The selectivity parameters L50 (50% retention length) and SR (selection range = L75–L25) were estimated and compared for the three different phases and for the whole haul for haddock, whiting and Norway lobster. For all three species there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in L50 between the three phases of the haul. There was also no significant difference for whiting and Norway lobster when comparing the SR of the three phases, whereas the SR was significantly lower for haddock when comparing the surface phase with towing and haul-up. The estimate of L50 when towing was about 6 cm lower for haddock and whiting and 9 mm for Norway lobster compared to the selection curve estimated conventionally for the whole haul. Finally, the effect of sea state, duration and codend catch on the selectivity parameters were estimated for the individual phases and for the whole haul. A significant effect of at least one variable was found in all phases.  相似文献   

Evaluation of codends with sorting grids, exit windows, and diamond meshes: Size selection and fish behaviour   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Grimaldo  M. Sistiaga  R.B. Larsen 《Fisheries Research》2008,91(2-3):271-280

This paper presents the results of an experiment aimed at improving the size selection of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in the Nordic bottom trawl fishery. Three systems simulating commercial conditions were tested: a 135 mm diamond-mesh codend fitted with a 55 mm sorting grid (Sort-V); a 135 mm diamond-mesh codend fitted with two lateral exit windows; and a codend built entirely of 155 mm diamond mesh. The selectivity curves showed similar selection ranges (SR) for the three systems. For cod, the mean SRs were around 8 cm, while for haddock, they were around 6 cm. All the estimated l₅₀ values were far above the minimum landing sizes (MLS). For cod, the mean l₅₀s were 56.1, 53.9, and 60.7 cm for the sorting grid, exit windows, and diamond-mesh configurations, respectively, while for haddock, they were 50.2, 50.6, and 49.9 cm, respectively. Underwater observations revealed that most of the fish escaped from the grid and exit-window codends as soon as they reached the vicinity of the sorting device. In contrast, fish remained inside the diamond-mesh codend for a longer time, and consequently were more exposed to physical damage before escape. In addition, many fish escaped from this codend during haul back and these fish were not likely to survive due to the rapid changes in pressure. Thus, the selectivity results obtained with this type of codend should be interpreted carefully.  相似文献   

Not all predators are equal: miticide non‐target effects and differential selectivity     

Paul E Bergeron  Rebecca A Schmidt‐Jeffris 《Pest management science》2020,76(6):2170-2179

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Prey preferences of notonectids towards larval mosquitoes across prey ontogeny and search area     

Arpita Dalal  Ross N Cuthbert  Jaimie TA Dick  Susmita Gupta 《Pest management science》2020,76(2):609-616

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盐胁迫下小麦幼苗离子吸收运输的选择性与叶片耐盐量   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

李长润  刘友良 《南京农业大学学报》1993,(1)

研究了小麦品种 LD-1(耐盐)和扬麦5号(不耐盐),在盐胁迫下植株体内 K~+、Na~+积累及其吸收、运输过程中的选择性和叶片电解质渗漏率的变化.结果表明,盐胁迫后 LD-1叶片〔Na~+〕/〔K~+〕明显低于扬麦5号,而其 S_(k,Na)(K~+,Na~+选择性比率)显著大于扬麦5号.2品种间根系〔Na~+〕/〔K~+〕及 S_k,Na均没有显著差异,根系离子吸收的选择性相似.LD-1从根系至地上部的离子运输过程中,具有较大的 K~+选择性,是它具有较强耐盐性的主要原因.2品种间叶片耐盐阈值及叶片致死盐量均无显著差异,叶片细胞的耐盐力相似.  相似文献   

黑刺粉虱对茶树品种的选择性   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

王庆森  陈常颂  吴光远  曾明森  陈荣冰  余素红  黄建 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,35(3):251-253

以网室内单位叶面积产卵量、蛹壳数、田间虫口密度和世代存活率为指标,研究了黑刺粉虱对12个茶树品种的选择性.结果表明:黑刺粉虱对供试的12个茶树品种的选择性存在极显著差异,对G31、福云10号、铁观音和白鸡冠等品种的选择性较强;对丹桂、优510、优3、玉龙和九龙袍等品种的选择性较弱.以网室内单位叶面积产卵量为指标能客观反映出黑刺粉虱对茶树品种的选择性.  相似文献